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NPY Y1 and Y5 receptor selective antagonists as anti-obesity drugs. Paper-12592193.
Correspondingly, ATP and NPY did not increase TH activity. Paper-12989877.
Additionally, ATP or ATP and NPY had no effect on TH expression. Paper-12989877.
In nARC, mRNA for OB-R, Ghsr and NPY were overexpressed in AA rats. Paper-14017708.
Neuropeptide Y lowers blood glucose in anaesthetized rats via a Y5 receptor subtype. Paper-1452709.
Neuropeptide Y and its receptors NPY1R and NPY5R play a role in hippocampal learning and memory. Paper-10207656.
The majority of GnRH neurons are contacted by NPY fibers, and GnRH cells express NPY Y5 receptor ( Y5R). Paper-13560274.
Characterisation of the neuropeptide Y receptor that mediates feeding in the rat: a role for the Y5 receptor? Paper-1683785.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has been shown to depress the hyperexcitability of neurons. Paper-12632115.
PYY-positive L-cell numbers and NPY innervation were also compared. Paper-12976152.
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has been implicated in depression, anxiety, and memory. Paper-13922599.
Moreover, the cloned Y-5 receptor has been suggested to be the long awaited Y-1-like receptor involved in feeding. Paper-1061663.
Addition of both Y1 and Y5 receptor antagonists was required to significantly decrease PYY-induced internalization. Paper-12584865.
Of these, CCK and NPY are the best studied. Paper-13828790.
However, NPY effect on OPG seemed to be unrelated to Y2 receptor activation. Paper-13785901.
OBJECTIVE: The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor is presumed to be involved in the regulation of food intake. Paper-1364511.
The Y5 receptor mRNA is most abundant and most widely distributed ( CA3 > DG approximately = CA2 approximately = CA1). Paper-1683756.
Endogenous PYY and NPY mediate tonic Y1- and Y2-mediated absorption in human and mouse colon. Paper-12976152.
RESULTS: Subjects with schizophrenia showed deficits in NPY and PV mRNAs. Paper-13813097.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has recently emerged as a potential regulator of bone homeostasis. Paper-13785901.
Both tests for association and linkage to the NPY Y1 and NPY Y5 receptor polymorphisms were negative among all cohorts. Paper-1364511.
To better characterize these receptor subtypes, we cloned and expressed the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor subtypes from the rabbit. Paper-13786390.
These results indicate that the food intake evoked by NPY might be mediated by the Y1 receptor, rather than the Y5 receptor. Paper-1683793.
The neuropeptides CCK and NPY and the changing view of cell-to-cell communication in the taste bud. Paper-13828790.
The five AFTs score had significant negative correlations to NPY and VIP (P < 0.001). Paper-13842235.
Extensive preclinical studies suggest neuropeptide Y ( NPY) to be involved in stress regulation and coping. Paper-12592186.
Attenuation of circadian light induced phase advances and delays by neuropeptide Y and a neuropeptide Y Y1/ Y5 receptor agonist. Paper-9753392.
Injection of Y5 receptor agonists mimicked the effects of NPY on pineal melatonin, while injection of a Y2 agonist did not. Paper-12109041.
We propose that ATP and NPY may serve to enhance the stimulatory effects of other agents on TH activity. Paper-12989877.
In addition to NPY, PYY is also able to affect cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and through Y-Rs. Paper-12592189.
Lupus and JIA patients had significantly lower serum NPY and VIP than controls (P < 0.001). Paper-13842235.
First we determined by in situ hybridization that both NPY Y1 and Y5 receptor mRNA are expressed in the SCN of Syrian hamsters. Paper-10382263.
However, once again, attempts to inhibit the signaling of NPY through the NPY Y5 receptor produced equivocal effects on food intake. Paper-10170050.
Patients with CAN had significantly lower serum NPY and VIP than patients without (P < 0.001). Paper-13842235.
These results suggest that rabbit and human Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptor subtypes are well conserved, whereas Y4 receptors are less well conserved. Paper-13786390.
A substantial amount of experimental evidence implicates neuropeptide Y ( NPY) in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Paper-12592187.
By contrast, SCG2 formed aggregates with orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC. Paper-13845308.
Our data in vivo are inconsistent with findings that hPP, [Leu31 Pro34]-rNPY and [D-Trp32]-rNPY are full agonists at the rat cloned Y5 receptor. Paper-1683785.
3. BIBO 3304, a selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist, and CGP 71683A, a selective NPY Y5 receptor antagonist, did not affect the response to hPP. Paper-1953279.
Accordingly, we have studied structural features of the N-terminal domains from the Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptor subtypes (N-Y1, N-Y2, N-Y4, N-Y5). Paper-13607388.
SCG3 bound to POMC; however, it did not bind to orexin, MCH, or NPY. Paper-13845308.
Under tetrodotoxin treatment, NPY hyperpolarized GnRH neurons from -56.7 +/- 1.94 to -62.1 +/- 1.83 mV; NPY's effects were blocked by Y5R antagonist. Paper-13560274.
Both NPY and a- MSH appears to be implicated in the hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. Paper-12998988.
Molecular identification of the long isoform of the human neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor and pharmacological comparison with the short Y5 receptor isoform. Paper-9787500.
Y(2) tone was reduced approximately 50% in NPY(-/-) and PYY(-/-) tissues and was absent from PYYNPY(-/-) colon. Paper-12976152.
Thus, whilst the Y5 receptor may be involved, its participation as the sole receptor mediating the orexigenic action of NPY in the rat remains unproven. Paper-1683785.
The expression of NPY and AgRP increases during lactation and may promote the hyperphagia that ensues. Paper-12700823.
In neonates, NPY could inhibit GABAergic inputs to nearly all NS and PA neurons, while melanocortin regulation was minimal. Paper-12650048.
A series of phenylpiperazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonistic activities. Paper-12259923.
Importantly, NPY was effective when given as late as 6 h, while Y2R or Y5R agonists 3 h, after starting the exposure to KA. Paper-13826556.
This motif has been shown to induce a 3(10)-helical turn in the region 28-31 of NPY and is suggested to be the key motif for high Y5-receptor selectivity. Paper-8495485.
When OT was present, ghrelin- induced NPY increment was completely abolished. Paper-12978420.
ATP and NPY had no effect on TH phosphorylation at Ser40, the primary site responsible for acute activation of the enzyme. Paper-12989877.
NPY Y1/Y5 and Y5 receptor agonists, but not the Y2 receptor agonist, blocked the NMDA- induced phase delay in a similar manner as NPY. Paper-9011306.
BIBO 3304 showed low affinity for the human Y2 receptor, human and rat Y4 receptor as well as for the human and rat Y5 receptor ( IC50 values > 1000 nM). Paper-1740455.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is a universally expressed neuropeptide involved in the regulation of several physiological functions. Paper-13964170.
We have derived a novel series of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonists from the biphenylurea 3. Paper-12724130.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has several receptors; one of them, the neuropeptide Y5 receptor (NPY5) seems involved in feeding behavior in mammals. Paper-11266174.
NPY and AgRP increased feeding and decreased oxygen consumption, with the effects of AgRP being more prolonged. Paper-13886141.
Reaction with acyl chlorides, chloroformates, and isocyanates gave amides 8e, carbamates 9, and ureas 10, which bound to the Y5 receptor with nanomolar affinity. Paper-8590628.
Thus, current evidence would suggest that antagonists of NPY acting through the NPY Y5 receptor subtype will not be useful appetite suppressant/anti-obesity agents. Paper-10170050.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) regulates reproductive function at the level of the hypothalamus through control of GnRH secretion. Paper-13861741.
The peptides pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY ( PYY), and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) share a similar structure, known as PP-fold. Paper-12592189.
Oxytocin ( OT) effect on ghrelin- stimulated neuropeptide Y ( NPY) secretion was evaluated in 12 normal men. Paper-12978420.
Kinetic Study of Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) Proteolysis in Blood and Identification of NPY3-35: A NEW PEPTIDE GENERATED BY PLASMA KALLIKREIN. Paper-13976462.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) appears to play a critical role in the integration of appetite and energy expenditure through NPY Y1 and Y5 receptor subtypes. Paper-9303906.
NPY compounds were applicated 30 min, 1, 3 or 6 h after the start of the exposure to KA, or 30 min after the onset of ischemia. Paper-13826556.
Central administration of NPY-Y5 receptor antisense ODNs decreased food intake, body weight and serum insulin compared with both vehicle and mismatched ODNs. Paper-13048720.
To determine whether increased endogenous NPY tone contributes to GnRH neuronal suppression during lactation, hypothalamic slices were treated with Y5R antagonist. Paper-13560274.
The stimulatory effect of exogenous NPY is probably mediated through an NPY receptor subtype that is not identical with the Y1 receptor (possibly Y5 receptor). Paper-1611762.
Thus the neuropeptide expressing cells co-express CCK, NPY, and CCK-1 receptor. Paper-13828790.
The NPY Y1/ Y5 receptor agonist, [Leu(31),Pro(34)]NPY, was administered via cannula microinjections following light exposure during the early and late night. Paper-9753392.
Pretreatment of wild-type mice with antagonists of the NPY Y1 receptor, but not the Y5 receptor, also prevented the effects of central resistin. Paper-12547036.
The NPY analogues tested give insights into ligand-receptor interaction of NPY at the Y1-, Y2- and Y5-receptor and contribute to our understanding of subtype selectivity. Paper-8964891.
Y(1) tone was unchanged in NPY(-/-) but was approximately 90% inhibited in PYY(-/-) and abolished in PYYNPY(-/-) colon mucosa. Paper-12976152.
The activation of POMC neurons increases the production of the anorexigenic hormone a- MSH and inhibits the release of NPY and AgRP. Paper-12998988.
Moreover, NPY co-stimulation increases the potency of ATP for both ERK1/2 and TH phosphorylation, while having no effect on these parameters alone. Paper-12989877.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter that acts on multiple receptors (Y1-Y6) and exerts a variety of cardiovascular effects. Paper-12592191.
Here, we addressed the question of vector optimization to establish cell lines expressing the human neuropeptide Y receptor 5 ( NPY5-R) or histamine receptor 4 ( HH4R). Paper-12150332.
AIMS: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide that is widely distributed in the brain, adrenal medulla, and sympathetic nervous system. Paper-13866868.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is a ubiquitous peptide with multiple effects on energy metabolism, reproduction, neurogenesis, and emotion. Paper-13949313.
A series of novel imidazoline derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonists. Paper-13799962.
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and serotonergic systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression but have not yet been linked together. Paper-12763648.
Skate NPY, CART and CCK sequences display similarities with sequences for teleost fish but in general the degree of identity is relatively low (50%). Paper-13838155.
Spontaneous contractions of the rabbit isolated ileum were recorded and binding experiments were performed in cells expressing the human NPY Y1, Y2, Y4 or Y5 receptor subtype. Paper-1953279.
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), a peptide neurotransmitter that regulates stress and anxiety, has been proposed to be a stress resilience factor in humans. Paper-13986692.
BACKGROUND: In mice, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) decreases bone turnover by means of a parathyroid hormone-independent effect on osteoblast activity. Paper-12547429.
These results indicate that nonphotic and photic stimuli may interact at a level at or beyond NMDA receptor response and indicate that the Y5 receptor is involved in this interaction. Paper-9011306.
However, there was a dramatic, age-dependent decrease in NPY responses specifically in the PA neurons, and a 3-fold increase in melanocortin responses in NS cells. Paper-12650048.
Studies of the structure of the N-terminal domain from the Y4 receptor - a G protein- coupled receptor - and its interaction with hormones from the NPY family. Paper-13011599.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is an important modulatory neuropeptide that regulates several physiological systems, including the activity of sensory neurons. Paper-13007999.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is an abundant and widespread peptide in mammalian nervous system, both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Paper-12967840.
Fear-reducing effects of intra-amygdala neuropeptide Y infusion in animal models of conditioned fear: an NPY Y1 receptor independent effect. Paper-13956369.
Gene expression profiles of adipose tissue of obese rats after central administration of neuropeptide Y- Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides by cDNA microarrays. Paper-13048720.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is one of the most potent known stimulators of food intake and has robust effects on the hypothalamic feeding neuronal networks. Paper-12976154.
The mRNA expressions for NPY, leptin receptor (OB-R), ghrelin receptor ( Ghsr) and IL-1beta were determined by TaqMan RT-PCR from isolated nARC. Paper-14017708.
The affinities of NPY, NPY derivatives, and rPP (pNPY > or = p(Leu31Pro34)NPY = p(2-36)NPY > or = p(D-Trp32)NPY > p(13-36)NPY > rPP) were in accordance with the NPY Y5 receptor subtype. Paper-2199233.
Double knockouts lacked PYY and NPY expression, but endocrine cells and enteric nerves were present with similar frequencies to those of WT mice. Paper-12976152.
NSC transplantation increased the number of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)-positive interneurons. Paper-14013410.
Receptor-binding experiments confirmed NPY binding of the Y1 receptor in the nanomolar range but gave no evidence for high expression levels of Y5 receptor subtypes on the cell surface. Paper-10951923.
To better understand the phylogeny and pharmacology of NPY in non-human primates, we have cloned and expressed the NPY Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptor subtypes from the Rhesus monkey. Paper-8774114.
In this review, we will discuss drug development efforts for the treatment of obesity, focused on selective melanocortin 4 receptor agonists and neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 receptor antagonists. Paper-12157733.
Ghrelin's orexigenic action is mediated by the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b) which is localized on neuropeptide Y ( NPY) neurons in the brain. Paper-13000677.
CONCLUSION: Endogenous PYY mediates Y(1) absorptive tone that is epithelial in origin, whereas Y(2) tone is a combination of PYY and NPY mediation. Paper-12976152.
Functional analysis of NPY receptor activation indicated that the Y1/ Y4/ Y5 receptor agonist [Leu31, Pro34] significantly induced cAMP accumulation in the GT1-7 neurons. Paper-13861741.
Stimulation of NPY Y5 receptor subtypes by a NPY Y5 selective agonist, rat/human D-Trp, was shown to stimulate GTPgamma[35S] binding in the hypothalamus and discrete nuclei of the thalamus. Paper-1550224.
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) interacts with the Y(1) receptor, NPY1R, to control adrenergic activity and blood pressure ( BP). Paper-13958132.
Neuropeptide Y induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression directly and through conditioned medium from mHypoE-38 NPY neurons. Paper-13861741.
Immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5, SP, CGRP, and NPY was observed at all uncovertebral interface levels in capsular tissue. Paper-13796429.
Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that 85-96% of terminals orthogradely filled with a dextran-conjugated fluorescent probe contained Neuropeptide Y ( NPY). Paper-12744053.
We tested the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of human NPY ( hNPY) and [D-Trp32]NPY, a weak but selective NPY Y5 receptor agonist, on food intake in lean and obese Zucker rats. Paper-1617548.
This is the first report of a NPY receptor antagonist having such an effect, and indicates that NPY Y5 receptor antagonists could be clinically useful for potentiating circadian system responses to light. Paper-10382263.
Double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SCG2 was expressed in orexin-, MCH-, NPY-, and POMC-expressing neurons. Paper-13845308.
Our results demonstrate for both NPY5-R and HH4R that the bicistronic vectors with EMCV, VEGF, FGF1A or FGF2 IRES provide clones expressing functional receptors with yields between 25% and 100%. Paper-12150332.
In functional studies, Y5 agonists produced a greater inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity in Y1/Y5 cells than cells expressing Y5 alone while NPY and PYY exhibited no difference. Paper-12584865.
The potent anticonvulsant properties of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) are generally attributed to a Y2 receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Paper-12617346.
3) RT-PCR shows expression of Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptor mRNA by chromaffin cells; these receptors are functional, as various receptor specific agonists elicit an increase in intracellular calcium. Paper-9104049.
Among 10 genes screened out, dopamine D3 receptor ( DRD3) and neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor ( NPYY5) genes were submitted to RT-PCR quantification and showed consistent results with microarray. Paper-9969516.
The results of feeding experiments in rats treated with the first highly specific Y5-receptor agonists support the hypothesis that this receptor plays a role in the NPY-induced stimulation of food intake. Paper-8495485.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are vital orexigenic peptides that are regulated by insulin, although the processes utilized are unknown. Paper-13839305.
Results show that oxytocin modulates the NPY response to ghrelin, whereas it is unable to produce direct inhibitions of basal circulating NPY levels. Paper-12978420.
Via Y2 receptors, the satiety signal mediated by PYY inhibits NPY neurons and activates pro-opiomelanocortin neurons within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Paper-12669731.
Pharmacological data suggests that the Y5 receptor subtype contributes to the effects of NPY on appetite, and therefore a Y5 antagonist might be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity. Paper-8587346.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are structurally related peptides that have numerous functions in both neural and endocrine signaling. Paper-13786390.
Insulin replacement reversed the increase in ARH NPY/ AGRP mRNAs, partially recovered POMC, but had no effect on recovering Kiss1/ NKB. Paper-13947395.
A series of 2,4-diaminopyridine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as potential candidates for neuropeptide Y ( NPY) Y1 receptor positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Paper-13932740.
These neural pathways and intracellular signaling mechanisms may play key roles in regulating NPY and POMC neuron activity, anorectic action of leptin and, thereby, feeding. Paper-12997872.
Radioimmunoassay substantiated the results of immunohistochemistry, showing NPY in all tumors and either galanin or VIP in three tumors, excepting NB-39. Paper-13006179.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) conjugated with a ribosomal inactivating toxin, saporin (SAP), is a toxin that targets NPY receptor-expressing cells. Paper-13004321.
Plasma NPY did not change during saline or OT infusions, whereas it showed a significant 29% increase vs baseline at 15 min after ghrelin injection. Paper-12978420.
CONCLUSION: Alterations in leptin, NPY and a- MSH are frequently observed in obesity and might stimulate SNS activity, contributing to the development of hypertension in obese patients. Paper-12998988.
Decreased expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and increased anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA expression were observed in the fed state. Paper-13855580.
Plasma leptin, hypothalamic NPY and cholecystokinin, and mRNA expression of leptin, adiponectin, their receptors and CPT-1, in fat and muscles were measured. Paper-12744703.
We hypothesize that neuropeptide Y ( NPY), a neurotransmitter with regulatory functions in bone formation, is produced by osteocytes and can affect osteoblast activity. Paper-14017321.
To be more specific, NPY-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell growth, leading to neointima formation, involves Y1 and Y1 receptors, while the angiogenic effects of NPY include Y2 and Y5 receptor activation. Paper-10613451.
To study the NPY-postsynaptic Y5R system, whole-cell current-clamp recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices from control rats to examine NPY/ Y5R antagonist effects on GnRH neuronal resting membrane potential. Paper-13560274.
Leptin directly inhibited I(HVA) in NPY neurons via leptin receptor (LEPR) - JAK2- MAPK pathways, whereas evoked I(HVA) in POMC neurons by LEPR-JAK2-PI3-k pathways. Paper-12997872.
ATP and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) are examples of agents co-secreted with catecholamines from neuronal and neuroendocrine cells which may regulate the function of the cells from which they are released. Paper-12989877.
Hypothalamic NPY and agouti-related protein ( AgRP) were only increased by fasting in pups from obese dams; reductions in MC4R and Sim1 were only seen in pups from lean dams. Paper-13855580.
These observations provide the first clinical insight into the human NPY-energy homeostatic pathway and suggest that solely targeting the NPY5R in future drug development programs is unlikely to produce therapeutic efficacy. Paper-12247837.
However, this binding was bimodal in response to human pancreatic polypeptide and to peptides selective for the Y2 subtype of the NPY receptor, displaying a large component pharmacologically similar to the brain Y5 receptor. Paper-1683758.
The Y1-, Y2- and the Y5-receptor, which have been cloned, belong to the G-protein coupled hormone receptor family and will be specially addressed, because they are the endogenous binding sites of neuropeptide Y in human. Paper-8340448.
The mRNA expression patterns for the Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptor subtypes have been compared at a cellular level within consecutive coronal sections of rat hippocampus, using a uniform method of in situ hybridisation. Paper-1683756.
Central infusion of resistin was associated with neuronal activation in the arcuate, paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei, and increased neuropeptide Y ( NPY) expression in the hypothalamus. Paper-12547036.
NPY5RA-972 (4o) is a highly potent Y5 antagonist in vivo but does not block neuropeptide Y-induced feeding nor does it reduce feeding in rats, suggesting that the Y5 receptor alone has no significant role in feeding in these models. Paper-9519804.
OBJECTIVE: To establish the functional significance of endogenous peptide YY ( PYY) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) as mediators of Y(1) and Y(2) absorptive tone in colonic mucosa. Paper-12976152.
Under basal conditions, cotransfection of tagged Y1 receptor and Y5 produced a substantial dimerization signal that was unaffected by the endogenous, nonselective agonists, NPY and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-12584865.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), a potent orexigen peptide widely produced and distributed in arcuate neurons in the hypothalamus, is a promising candidate for the control of appetitive ingestive behavior. Paper-12592194.
Immunoreactivity to PGP 9.5, SP, CGRP, and NPY indicates the presence of nerve fibers from both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Paper-13796429.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) is one of the most abundant and widely distributed peptides in the central nervous system of both rodents and humans and has been implicated in a variety of physiological actions. Paper-12519173.
We microinjected NPY-SAP into two sites on each side of the Arc, causing a loss of NPY and POMC/CART neurons that was limited to the Arc. Lesioned rats rapidly became hyperphagic and obese. Paper-13004321.
Leptin acts on two distinct neural populations in the hypothalamus: the first expresses the orexigenic peptides NPY and agouti-related protein ( AgRP), the second pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC). Paper-12998988.
Ad libitum- fed rats received the orexigenic neuropeptides neuropeptide Y ( NPY), agouti-related protein ( AgRP), melanin-concentrating hormone ( MCH) or orexin-A. Paper-13886141.
SCG3 forms secretory granules with orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone ( MCH), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and POMC in the hypothalamus. Paper-13845308.
A case of autism with an interstitial deletion on 4q leading to hemizygosity for genes encoding for glutamine and glycine neurotransmitter receptor sub-units (AMPA 2, GLRA3, GLRB) and neuropeptide receptors NPY1R, NPY5R. Paper-10207656.
Upon introduction into neuroblastoma cells, SCG2 was expressed in the cytosol and formed granule-like structures with SCG3, orexin, NPY, or POMC. Paper-13845308.
The coapplication of a Y5 but not Y1 receptor antagonist eliminated NPY blockade of NMDA-induced phase delays, suggesting that the Y5 receptor is capable of mediating the inhibitory effect of NPY on photic responses. Paper-9011306.
BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has been demonstrated to have critical roles in the physiological control of appetite and energy homeostasis through NPY Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5 receptors. Paper-14014061.
No specific binding was detected in HEK293 cells transfected with the rat Y1, Y2 or Y4 receptors, while saturable binding was observed in cells transfected with the rat Y5 receptor cDNA and in rat brain membrane homogenates (KD of 0.5-0.7 nM). Paper-10946447.
Y2 receptor blockade (1 microm BIIE0246) reversed the anticonvulsant effect of NPY but did not prevent NPY-induced increases in hippocampal dopamine. Paper-12617346.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and melanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus, a primary energy homeostatic center in adults, do not fully innervate the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) until the third postnatal week. Paper-12650048.
NPY- induced torporlike hypothermia is also produced by intracerebroventricular injections of an NPY Y1 receptor agonist but not by injections of an NPY Y5 receptor agonist. Paper-12684259.
NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. Paper-13860735.
The peripheral ghrelin signal is mediated to the brain via the vagus nerve, where it augments the release of GHRH and stimulates the secretion of neuropeptide-Y ( NPY). Paper-13924739.
Despite the profound reductions of renal blood flow, systemic NPY infusion can cause diuresis and natriuresis; this is largely independent of pressure natriuresis mechanisms and is possibly mediated by an extrarenal Y5 receptor. Paper-1353691.
Food intake was measured in freely fed rats following intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and several of its analogues and antagonists to investigate the hypothesis that the NPY Y5 receptor mediates feeding. Paper-1683785.
Despite elevated leptin levels, POMC mRNA was decreased significantly by 60% on day 18 of pregnancy, whereas no differences were found in the mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP and CART in pregnant voles compared to controls. Paper-13003111.
SP, NPY, VIP and CGRP displayed variable degrees of antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens tested with the exception of S. aureus. Paper-12979842.
SCG2 may act as a hormone carrier for orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC by binding with SCG3, which targets proteins to the secretory granules. Paper-13845308.
First, by live cell imaging, we showed similar microtubule-based transport of BDNF, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), consistent with the co-packaging of these DCV cargoes. Paper-13919892.
Given that mRNA for the cloned Y5 receptor is apparently restricted to the CNS, Angela Bischoff and Martin Michel discuss the possible existence of additional NPY receptor subtypes with Y5-like recognition features and their presence in peripheral tissues. Paper-1891285.
3. An NPY Y1 and Y3 receptor agonist, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and a Y5 receptor agonist human peptide YY3-36 (hPYY3-36, both 30 pmol), microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) increased the consumption of regular rat chow. Paper-1611762.
In addition, the anorexigenic effects of L-152,804 on bPP-induced feeding revealed participation of the Y5 receptor in feeding regulation, while i.c.v. administration of NPY does not appear to significantly contribute to Y5 stimulated food intake. Paper-8390513.
We evaluated the pharmacological profiles of FMS586 [3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9-isopropyl-carbazol-3-yl)-1-methyl-1-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethyl)-urea hydrochloride], a novel tetrahydrocarbazole derivative as a neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor antagonist. Paper-11807992.
In this study, we show that changes in hypothalamic expression of agouti-related protein ( Agrp) and neuropeptide Y ( Npy) coincide with the cyclic changes in feeding across the estrous cycle. Paper-14032364.
In the present study we examined a possible role of the 36-amino acid neuropeptide Y ( NPY) with regard to three functions: axon guidance and attraction/repulsion, adult neurogenesis, and control of food intake. Paper-12976169.
Litter size reduction had a detrimental impact on insulin and adiponectin, while hypothalamic NPY and POMC mRNA expression were suppressed in the face of normal energy intake and weight gain. Paper-13891730.
Correlation analyses at 45 days post-bCCI, were significant for individual rat nocifensive responses in each cold test and CCK and NK-1R, but not for MOR or NPY. Paper-14174278.
BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence in both human and animal studies suggest that variation in neuropeptide Y ( NPY) or its receptor genes ( NPY1R, NPY2R and NPY5R) is associated with alcohol dependence as well as alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Paper-13547501.
In sympathetic neurons, it is well-established that the neurotransmitters, norepinephrine ( NE), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and ATP are differentially coreleased from the same neurons. Paper-12640045.
It can be concluded that erythromycin promote gastric emptying of gastroparetic rats; DRD3 and NPYY5 may be involved in prokinetic action of erythromycin; and targets other than motilin receptor of erythromycin might exist as prokinetics. Paper-9969516.
More specifically, leptin, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a- MSH) appear to be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and also contribute to the development of hypertension in obesity. Paper-12998988.
Two weeks of fasting induced an increase in telencephalon NPY and an increase in CCK in the gut but had no effects on hypothalamic NPY, CART and CCK, or on telencephalon CART. Paper-13838155.
Hypothalamic neurons that express agouti-related protein ( AgRP) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) are thought to be important for regulation of feeding, especially under conditions of negative energy balance. Paper-12700823.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) gene transduction of the brain using viral vectors in epileptogenic regions can effectively suppress seizures in animals, and is being considered as a promising alternative treatment strategy for epilepsy. Paper-13007114.
NPY has pleiotropic effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, with effects ranging from the modulation of cell migration to macrophage, T helper ( Th) cell cytokine release, and antibody production. Paper-12592195.
Leptin receptor, proopiomelanocortin, and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) were also significantly increased in offspring exposed to excess saturated fat during gestation and into adulthood, whereas NPY(1) receptor was downregulated. Paper-14012944.
Here we have investigated whether additional binding sites exist within the N-terminal domain, as studied in the form of binding of peptides from the neuropeptide Y ( NPY) family to the N terminus of the Y4 receptor (N- Y4). Paper-13011599.
However, it remains unclear if these mechanisms are important determinants for dysregulated NPY and SST expression in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of subjects with schizophrenia. Paper-13813097.
Third, we found that co-treatment with a Y5 receptor antagonist in vivo (s.c., 10 mg/kg) not only reversed the effect of NPY applied to the SCN in vivo through a cannula but also significantly potentiated the light-induced phase advance in the absence of NPY. Paper-10382263.
We review recent studies on the direct regulation of NPY gene expression by estrogen, and the leptin-mediated control of signal transduction pathways and NT transcription. Paper-12567995.
The arcuate nucleus (ARH) was analyzed for NPY, AGRP, POMC, Kiss1, and NKB mRNA expression; the dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH) was analyzed for NPY mRNA. Paper-13947395.
Pups from obese dams had higher hypothalamic mRNA expression of POMC and NPY Y1 receptor, but lower hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R) and its downstream target single-minded gene 1 (Sim1), in the fed state. Paper-13855580.
We genotyped a set of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) that capture the most common variation in NPY, PPY, PYY, NPY1R, NPY2R, and NPY5R in 2,800 individuals of recent European ancestry drawn from the near extremes of BMI distribution. Paper-13212332.
Phase advances to light were completely inhibited by the administration of NPY during the late night.The precise mechanism by which NPY attenuates or blocks photic phase shifts is unclear, but the NPY Y5 receptor has been implicated in the mediation of this inhibitory effect. Paper-9753392.
Thus, assessments of cardiac autonomic function, by AFTs and serum autonomic neuropeptides ( NPY and VIP), and the therapeutic effects of NPY and VIP are recommended in these patients. Paper-13842235.
A number of these neuronal cell lines express neuropeptides linked to the control of feeding behavior and reproduction, including neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and neurotensin ( NT). Paper-12567995.
In order to trace the aetiology of NPY supersensitivity, we have evaluated (1) NPY Y1 and Y5 receptor (R) gene expression in the hypothalamus and (2) the possibility of alterations in the inhibitory action of leptin, a hormone produced by lipocytes. Paper-1388077.
In this research, groups of cold-acclimated Siberian hamsters were either coinjected with a Y1 receptor antagonist (1229U91) and NPY or were coinjected with a Y5 receptor antagonist (CGP71683) and NPY in counterbalanced designs. Paper-12684259.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that prefrontal deficits in a subset of GABAergic mRNAs, including NPY, are dependent on the regional supply of BDNF, which in turn is fine-tuned through a microRNA (miRNA)-mediated mechanism. Paper-13813097.
Prolactin ( PRL) induces the expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y ( NPY) through the activation of JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling pathway in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) leading to hyperphagia. Paper-12579289.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) has emerged as an additional therapeutic target, ever since it was recognised as an important mediator released from sympathetic nerves in the heart, affecting coronary artery constriction and myocardial contraction. Paper-12592190.
OBJECTIVE: To compare whether serum lipids and their changes during a health education intervention are associated with the Leu7Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide part of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) in children with normal weight and in those with overweight. Paper-12764203.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Paper-13860735.
We previously showed that intrauterine and early postnatal overnutrition programmed hypothalamic neurons expressing the appetite stimulator neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and suppressor proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) in offspring at weaning. Paper-13891730.
PYY ablation had no apparent effect on NPY innervation and PYY-positive cells were observed at the same frequency in NPY(-/-) (56.7+/-6.8 cells/section) and WT (55.0+/-4.6 cells/section) colons. Paper-12976152.
The neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family of hormones exhibit a wide variety of biological actions on the mammalian gastrointestinal tract through known G-protein coupled receptor pathways. Paper-12592192.
Several neuropeptides have been identified in taste receptor cells including cholecystokinin ( CCK), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), and glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1). Paper-13828790.
RESULTS: As compared with the normal comparison subjects, PTSD patients had significantly lower concentrations of CSF neuropeptide Y (mean CSF NPY was 360.0 +/- 17.7 pg/mL in control subjects but only 233.6 +/- 28.7 pg/mL in PTSD patients [p = .0008]). Paper-13986692.
The fat-derived hormone leptin regulates food intake and body weight in part by modulating the activity of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Paper-12997872.
Neuropeptides including galanin-like peptide ( GALP), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), products of the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC; e.g., alpha- MSH and beta-endorphin), and kisspeptin are thought to be involved in this process for several reasons. Paper-12540305.
Immunohistochemistry revealed neurofilament proteins, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and chromogranin A-positive cells in the four tumors in the following order of frequency: NB-726, NB-45, NB-52, and NB-39. Paper-13006179.
The strategy of parallel synthesis and screening of partially purified analogs helped to select rapidly potent and selective leads which displayed comparable antagonistic potency against neuropeptide Y activity on the Y5 receptor and better receptor selectivity than the original reference compounds. Paper-8951136.
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma level of substance P, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP) in AD patients during exacerbation and remission of the disease. Paper-12702885.
These results suggest that: 1) basal GnRH neuronal activity is suppressed during lactation; 2) NPY can hyperpolarize GnRH neurons via postsynaptic Y5R; and 3) increased inhibitory NPY tone during lactation is a component of the mechanisms responsible for suppression of GnRH neuronal activity. Paper-13560274.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and cholecystokinin ( CCK) in winter skate ( Raja ocellata): cDNA cloning, tissue distribution and mRNA expression responses to fasting. Paper-13838155.
PYY, which belongs to a family of peptides including neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and pancreatic polypeptide, is released into the circulation as PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36); the latter is the major form of PYY in gut mucosal endocrine cells and throughout the circulation. Paper-12669731.
Preclinical models suggest that a subset of these GABAergic markers ( NPY/ SST) is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF), which in turn is under the inhibitory influence of small noncoding RNAs. Paper-13813097.
To investigate the gene expression profiles of adipose tissue of obese rats after central administration of neuropeptide Y- Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), Y5 receptor antisense, mismatched ODNs or vehicle was intracerebroventricularly injected and cDNA microarrays were undertaken. Paper-13048720.
To investigate the electrophysiological activity of these neurons and their responses to leptin, we recorded whole-cell calcium currents on NPY and POMC neurons in the ARC of rats, which we identified by morphologic features and immunocytochemical identification at the end of recording. Paper-12997872.
As measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, N- Y4 binds with approximately 50 microM affinity to the pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a high-affinity ligand to the Y4 receptor, whereas binding to neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) is much weaker. Paper-13011599.
Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and cholecystokinin play critical roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis, while adiponectin and carnitine palmitoyltransferase ( CPT) are important for insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation. Paper-12744703.
RESULTS: Our results confirm the hypophagic effect of RSTN on food deprivation-induced food intake, and more importantly, show that RSTN neither potentiates nor blocks the effects of INS on food intake, but does reduce the hyperphagic effect of NPY. Paper-13786895.
Within-pair differences in BDNF protein levels showed strong positive correlations with NPY and SST and a robust inverse association with miR-195 levels, which in turn were not affected by antipsychotic treatment or genetic ablation of Bdnf. Paper-13813097.
Chronic (14 days) administration of NPY, NPY Y1/ Y5 receptor agonist [Leu(31), Pro(34)]-NPY (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.) or tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (intraperitoneal) to OBX rats dose-dependently resulted in decreased hyperactivity in OFT, while selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP3226 (i.c.v.) produced opposite effects. Paper-13702477.
CONCLUSION: The observation that RSTN does not modify feeding INS-induced hypophagia, but does influence NPY-induced feeding, points to the possibility that RSTN may be involved in control of food intake through an NPY-ergic mechanism as INS. Paper-13786895.
SCG2 mRNA levels increased along with those of SCG3, orexin, MCH, and NPY after a 24-h fast, suggesting that the SCG2/ SCG3 system may respond in an adaptive manner to acute body weight changes. Paper-13845308.
METHODS: Using a postmortem case-control design, the association between BDNF protein, NPY/ SST/ PV mRNAs, and two BDNF-regulating microRNAs (miR-195 and miR-30a-5p) was determined in samples from the PFC of 20 schizophrenia and 20 control subjects. Paper-13813097.
CONCLUSION: It is possible that genetic variants of the NPY1R gene affect the NPY- NPY receptor type Y1 signaling system in the brain, which may result in susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence or the development of methamphetamine psychosis, but the present findings need to be confirmed on replication. Paper-13866868.
The mRNA expression of the long form of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb), suppressor-of-cytokine-signalling 3 ( SOCS3), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), agouti-related protein ( AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the hypothalamus were examined on dioestrous, day 5, day 10 and day 18 of pregnancy. Paper-13003111.
BACKGROUND: Prefrontal deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic gene expression, including neuropeptide Y ( NPY), somatostatin ( SST), and parvalbumin ( PV) messenger RNAs (mRNAs), have been reported for multiple schizophrenia cohorts. Paper-13813097.
Some few special peptide hormones that have been pre-clinically or clinically investigated are furthermore presented, such as somatostatin, bombesin ( BBS) / gastrin releasing peptide ( GRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY). Paper-12992914.
To evaluate whether NPY and CAs are found within the same vesicles and whether syt I is found localized to each of these NPY- and CA-containing vesicles, we used immunocytochemistry to determine that syt I colocalized with large dense core vesicles, with NPY, and with CAs. Paper-12640045.
The tissue was rehydrated and either stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) or immunostained with antisera against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P ( SP), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP). Paper-13796429.
cDNAs encoding for neuropeptide Y ( NPY), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and cholecystokinin ( CCK) were cloned in an elasmobranch fish, the winter skate. mRNA tissue distribution was examined for the three peptides as well as the effects of two weeks of fasting on their expression. Paper-13838155.
These findings suggest that schizophrenia is associated with alterations in inhibitory inputs from SST/ NPY-containing and CCK-containing subpopulations of GABA neurons and in the signaling via certain GABA(A) receptors that mediate synaptic (phasic) or extrasynaptic (tonic) inhibition. Paper-12696359.
Other peptides such as minigastrin, glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), cholecystokinin ( CCK), bombesin (BN)/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), substance P, neurotensin ( NT), neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and RGD peptides are promising for PRRT and currently under preclinical and clinical development. Paper-13889162.
Ileal tissue from each animal was processed for dual-labelling immunofluorescence using antiserum specific for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in combination with antiserum to one of: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP), substance P ( SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), somatostatin ( SOM), neuropeptide Y ( NPY) or galanin ( GAL). Paper-12699250.
These synonyms are used for gene NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5): Y5 receptor, NPY-Y5 receptor, NPYY5-R, NPYR5, NPY5-R, Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5.
These accession numbers are used for gene NPY5R: Q92916 (UNIPROT__AC), Q6GTR7 (UNIPROT__AC), BC042416 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), BC034224 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC).
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Bos taurus.
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Bos taurus.
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Bos taurus.
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Pan troglodytes.
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Gallus gallus.
NPY5R is a homologue of NPY5R (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Canis lupus familiaris.
NPY5R is a homologue of Npy5r (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Mus musculus.
NPY5R is a homologue of Npy5r (neuropeptide Y receptor Y5) from Rattus norvegicus.
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iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins .
Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.