The most recent information on POMC is here. Click here for the function of POMC. Edit this page in Wiki Genes - POMC or see Wiki Gene. CRH also stimulates POMC synthesis. Paper-1332919. NRC orders NPP security enhancement. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Paper-10963294. There are no adequate data on the risks of recently acquired LAH or LPH. Paper-4602022. There is only one nuclear power plant in Lithuania--Ignalina NPP ( INPP). Paper-11632806. Under the skin: sorting through the hype and hope for noninvasive POC devices. Paper-8471487. Plasminogen regulates pro-opiomelanocortin processing. Paper-10414039. In contrast, NPY- and POMC-containing neurons did not respond to GALP. Paper-11028902. Human and mouse TPIT gene mutations cause early onset pituitary ACTH deficiency. Paper-9874527. CRH (10 micrograms/kg) also induced ACTH secretion 4.8-fold at 60 minutes. Paper-815384. LIF induced fetal monkey ACTH secretion in a time- and dose dependent manner. Paper-815384. CRH stimulation of corticosteroids production in melanocytes is mediated by ACTH. Paper-10787206. LIF further induced POMC transcription with C/EBPbeta, but not with GIF. Paper-10252172. However, RI-α- MSH exhibited a diminished binding affinity for MC1R compared to α- MSH. Paper-15586691. A neonatal form of isolated ACTH deficiency frequently associated with Tpit gene mutations. Paper-10916051. Exposure of cells to PMA did not change either basal or CRF- enhanced levels of POMC mRNA. Paper-6515638. An NPY-like peptide may function as MSH-release inhibiting factor in Xenopus laevis. Paper-5777573. Thus, LIF alone induces ACTH secretion and LIF acts in synergy with CRH in vivo. Paper-815384. AVP (24-800 pmol i.v.) stimulated ACTH and beta-ENDir in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-7532889. This observation led us to investigate the possible regulatory action of PACAP on rat POMC neurons. Paper-12305568. CRH induced POMC mRNA expression, an effect that was inhibited by a CRH antagonist. Paper-9424572. The treatment of Nur77 antisense oligonucleotide reduces POMC transcription under hypoxic conditions. Paper-10204644. NPY significantly inhibited KCl- stimulated alpha- MSH release in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-7205583. Moreover, PACAP stimulated POMC biosynthesis and POMC gene expression. Paper-13428075. CRH stimulates POMC activity and corticosterone production in dermal fibroblasts. Paper-10802008. NPP and ACTH, but not JP, stimulated the release of GH and PRL in a concentration-dependent manner. Paper-1915289. Only few cells were immunostained for ER-beta and they were never found to co-localize POMC. Paper-8930263. In the adult pituitary gland, NeuroD1 transcripts are detected in POMC-expressing corticotroph cells. Paper-1213763. In the hypothalamus, MC4R and POMC mRNA increased, but CRF mRNA remained unchanged. Paper-11419234. In this study, we aimed to identify the regulatory effect of ACTH on IL-18 expression of skin keratinocytes. Paper-13184684. The immunoreactivities of 5 hGH preparations were examined in RIA systems for hPRL, hACTH, hLH, hFSH and hTSH. Paper-4370923. Separately, CRH and AVP significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated ACTH secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-1230004. Deficiency of PTP1B in POMC neurons leads to alterations in energy balance and homeostatic response to cold exposure. Paper-15940839. Within 1 h, plasma cortisol and ACTH levels increased above the control values but GH levels decreased. Paper-8766994. Treatment with NDP- MSH was associated with early and marked increase in interleukin 6 ( IL-6) mRNA. Paper-14092931. LIF potently synergizes with both CRH and cAMP induction of POMC transcription. Paper-534825. NPY and POMC neurons were, however, connected to nerve terminals from Glut2-expressing neurons. Paper-15140655. In conclusion, a microsatellite polymorphism in exon 3 of POMC is associated with elevated serum leptin levels. Paper-9444399. The role of the melanocortin 3 receptor in mediating the effects of gamma-MSH peptides on the adrenal. Paper-10639385. The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was inhibited in relation to alpha- MSH concentration. Paper-1848289. Role of Brg1 and HDAC2 in GR trans-repression of the pituitary POMC gene and misexpression in Cushing disease. Paper-12273749. The ability of TRH to directly stimulate release of POMC peptides was confirmed using PI and PD tissue explants. Paper-11820724. Following leptin administration, POMC neurons express both Fos and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 ( SOCS-3) mRNA. Paper-9122937. Ghrelin was administered at a dose of 1 microg/kg i.v. and GH, ACTH and cortisol analyzed in duplicate. Paper-9613878. During cell growth of line POC in the presence of IFN-gamma no significant shift in cell cycle distribution occurred. Paper-4868992. In summary, we established a novel cell line, SS-1 from SCLC, which produced PTHrP, PTH and N terminal POMC. Paper-15366465. Notably, CRH-induced ACTH production was enhanced in the presence of noggin, a BMP-binding protein. Paper-14256324. Changes of maternal ACTH and oxytocinase plasma concentrations during the first trimester of spontaneous abortion. Paper-11493626. We conclude that Tpit/PitxRE is an important element by which CRH and Gcs regulate the POMC gene expression. Paper-13212383. We therefore conclude that both a direct and indirect route mediate LIF- induced STAT3 activation of POMC transcription. Paper-8614522. Nineteen patients (6.3%) carried 8 MC4R variants, 144 (48.0%) carried 13 POMC variants, and 247 (82.3%) carried 11 LEPR variants. Paper-10892662. Moreover, the POMC- induced inhibition of tube formation could be partially reversed by adding exogenous ET-1 ( P < 0.05). Paper-12025547. Pretreatment with AHSG/fetuin blocked LIF- induced expression of the POMC promoter independently of SOCS-3. Paper-10252172. Changes of glucocorticoid receptor and levels of CRF mRNA, POMC mRNA in brain of chronic immobilization stress rats. Paper-12740071. Inactivating mutations of MC2R lead to hereditary unresponsiveness to ACTH, also known as familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD). Paper-9547667. Endothelial cells, the primary cells producing endothelin (ET)-1, are both the source and target of POMC-derived peptides. Paper-12025547. Such rats showed increased baselines of pituitary POMC mRNA production, adrenocortical ODC activity and plasma CS levels. Paper-7460147. Extracellular-signal regulated kinase regulates production of pro-opiomelanocortin in pituitary melanotroph cells. Paper-15692995. In fact, CRF is able to modulate the processing of POMC through changes in prohormone convertase (PC)-1 expression levels. Paper-13690870. Pharmacological NEP inhibition enhanced the ACTH and alpha- MSH-mediated activation of EC ectopically expressing MC(1). Paper-13243709. Exposure of HaCaT cells to ACTH stimulated formation of IL-18 mRNA transcript and its protein products in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-13184684. We found the serological tumour markers CA125 and CASA, respectively, to be prognostic factors for survival in patients with POC. Paper-12307803. The ability of CRH to induce POMC expression in cultured melanoma cells was examined using CRH and a CRH antagonist. Paper-9424572. These data suggest that CRF might stimulate the gene expression of POMC in pituitary melanotrope and corticotrope cells. Paper-4855653. ARC NPY (23%) and DMN NPY (60%) were increased, while ARC POMC (40%) and PVN CRH (14%) were decreased. Paper-10383552. In vivo, GR and Nur factors can be coimmunoprecipitated whereas GR is recruited to the POMC promoter upon glucocorticoid action. Paper-11011562. Simultaneous exposure to CRH and OT stimulated increases in ACTH output that were significantly greater than for OT or CRH alone. Paper-1770303. POMC gene transcripts were detected in 2/5 samples from the control group and in 3/7 samples from the PRL-treated group. Paper-10853898. Neuropeptide Y inhibits alpha- MSH release from rat hypothalamic slices through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Paper-7205583. Exogenously expressed POMC was neither stored nor secreted in a regulated manner in these CgA-deficient PC12 cells. Paper-10288444. METHODS: (111)In octreoscan, analysis of tumorous mRNA transcripts for somatostatin receptor subtypes ( SSTR) as well as for POMC and CRH. Paper-9480949. Acute Urinary Retention Secondary to a Urethral Calculus in a Bladder-drained Kidney Pancreas Transplant Patient - a Metallic Clip Nidus. Paper-13614906. Insulin also has been demonstrated to decrease NPY and insulin insufficiency is associated with an increased POMC. Paper-8445587. NF-kappaB activation in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is essential in illness- and leptin-induced anorexia. Paper-14675857. ACTH output was stimulated by CRH treatment at day 139 but not at day 129 of gestation, and cortisol attenuated this response. Paper-1807499. DEX-treated controls showed low daily and CRH- stimulated ACTH and cortisol concentrations (generally below assay sensitivity). Paper-7890213. Therefore, NPY undoubtedly is one of the growing number of neuropeptides that are likely involved in control of the amphibian MSH cells. Paper-5777573. The increase in plasma cortisol following TRH in horses with PPID is likely attributable to the release of ACTH from the hyperplastic PI. Paper-11820724. However, after addition of potato tuber carboxypeptidase inhibitor, a specific inhibitor of TAFI, the shortening of CLT was lower than that in NPP. Paper-9637556. Effects of labor on pituitary expression of proopiomelanocortin, prohormone convertase (PC)-1, PC-2, and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in fetal sheep. Paper-8549017. These results reveal characteristics of ectopic ACTH-producing tumors: long-size CRH mRNA and PMA- induced POMC gene expression. Paper-106716. To investigate this hypothesis we tested whether the MC3-R agonist MTII and antagonist SHU9119 could mimic or block the actions of pro-gamma- MSH. Paper-10639385. The mechanism by which somatostatin analogs suppress ACTH production by corticotropinomas has yet to be fully elucidated. Paper-14256324. These observations support an action of both CRF and somatostatin in the control of secretion of POMC-derived peptides from the PI. Paper-5119125. The activation of POMC neurons increases the production of the anorexigenic hormone a- MSH and inhibits the release of NPY and AgRP. Paper-12998988. These results strongly suggest that TRH neurons might be regulated by POMC, NPY as well as adrenergic and/or noradrenergic systems. Paper-30408. Thus, our results indicate that hypothalamic expression of POMC is controlled by nuclear receptors and establish ESR1 as a candidate regulator of POMC. Paper-15884144. Here we provide biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrating that UV induction of POMC/ MSH in skin is directly controlled by p53. Paper-13144586. TGF-beta- stimulated fibroblasts showed no alteration in beta-EP and alpha- MSH levels, whereas ACTH release was significantly enhanced. Paper-8269554. Sedentary rats maintained on KD had increased adiposity and plasma leptin levels and decreased hypothalamic POMC mRNA, as compared to sedentary CH rats. Paper-13924374. CRH, AVP, and POMC mRNA levels were semiquantified by in situ hybridization histochemistry on 30-microm coronal sections of the brain. Paper-8948134. These data then strongly suggest that NPY negatively regulates the genetic expression of POMC neurons via the Y2 NPY receptor subtype. Paper-252719. The different isoforms of cck, agrp and pomc had different mRNA expression patterns, which indicate specific roles related to feeding regulation. Paper-15802987. However, we have not identified a POMC fragment which consistently parallels changes in androgen levels in patients with idiopathic hirsutism or PCOS. Paper-5954977. FoxO1 inhibits leptin regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin promoter activity by blocking STAT3 interaction with specificity protein 1. Paper-13519132. Nur77 activated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha overproduces proopiomelanocortin in von Hippel-Lindau-mutated renal cell carcinoma. Paper-10204644. Hydrocortisone suppressed in vitro ACTH secretion and CRF (100 nM) stimulated ACTH by 50% during 72 hours of incubation. Paper-5743074. We proposed that TRH directly stimulates the PI in normal and PPID- affected horses to release proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) derived peptides. Paper-11820724. Hence, cutaneous expression of the CRH/ POMC system is highly organized, encoding mediators and receptors similar to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Paper-8362180. CRH and AVP- induced changes in synthesis and release of ACTH from the ovine fetal pituitary in vitro: negative influences of cortisol. Paper-1230004. The C terminus of hGH is highly conserved and contains a domain similar to the regulated pathway sorting domain of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC). Paper-11289698. This novel peroxisomal localization of β-endorphin and β- LPH in ALDP-positive cells was confirmed by costaining with ALDP and the peroxisomal marker catalase. Paper-15401495. Multiple polymorphic alleles were found in cRRY(i) in the coding regions of the genes for proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and TATA-binding protein ( TBP). Paper-91612. In summary, intra-NTS injection of alpha- MSH induces hypotension and bradycardia of SHR via MC-4R signaling, which activates cAMP/PKA and iNOS. Paper-13187020. Sauvagine and TRH differentially stimulate proopiomelanocortin biosynthesis in the Xenopus laevis intermediate pituitary. Paper-1151933. In the amygdala, the expression of MC4R and POMC mRNA as well as CRF mRNA was significantly increased by electrical foot shock stress. Paper-11419234. In melanocytes CRH stimulates pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and adrenocorticotropin ( ACTH) peptide production. Paper-12323013. However, a construct containing the propeptide alone reduced C-terminal PC1 processing under pulse/chase conditions and also inhibited POMC processing. Paper-10529884. Numerous NPY and POMC fibres were in intimate anatomic proximity and often appeared to surround in remarkable density TRH-containing cell bodies. Paper-30408. We have thus investigated the possible effect of NPY on the release of alpha- MSH from rat hypothalamic slices in vitro, using the perifusion technique. Paper-7205583. The estrogen receptor α colocalizes with proopiomelanocortin in hypothalamic neurons and binds to a conserved motif present in the neuron-specific enhancer nPE2. Paper-15884144. The NeuroD1-containing heterodimers specifically recognize and activate transcription from the POMC promoter E box that confers transcriptional specificity. Paper-1213763. Altogether, the present results reveal that exogenous PACAP, acting probably through PAC1-R, regulates the activity of POMC neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Paper-12305568. CRF and alpha-amanitin (inhibitor of RNA polymerase II activity) were also found to affect POMC mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. Paper-5620604. Taken together, these data indicate that a subset of CRF afferents targeting the LC contain POMC and may be positioned to dually impact LC activity. Paper-11816280. LIF and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) also synergistically induced in vivo ACTH secretion in fetal nonhuman primates. Paper-1099518. Induction of POMC/alpha-melanocyte- stimulating hormone (alpha- MSH) activates the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R), resulting in skin pigmentation. Paper-12974125. Blockade of endothelin-1 release contributes to the anti-angiogenic effect by pro-opiomelanocortin overexpression in endothelial cells. Paper-12025547. After 24 h of treatment, TRH stimulated POMC biosynthesis in NPY-inhibited lobes of white-adapted animals from 40.2 to 95.3% of control level. Paper-1151933. We investigated the effects of LIF and IL-6 on PC1 expression and its subsequent processing of POMC. Paper-2080201. Glut2-dependent glucose-sensing controls thermoregulation by enhancing the leptin sensitivity of NPY and POMC neurons. Paper-15140655. The effect of ACTH on IL-18 production was blocked by specific inhibitors of p38 kinase (SB203580) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK) (PD98059). Paper-13184684. In pair-fed rats, NPY gene expression was increased and there was no change in either MCH, GAL, POMC or NT gene expression. Paper-1307260. The observations indicate that the neuropeptides sauvagine and TRH differently control POMC biosynthesis in the Xenopus intermediate pituitary. Paper-1151933. The concomitant exposure of PBM cells to the two POMC-derived peptides and IFN-gamma or IL-2 significantly enhanced the lymphokine-induced boosting of NK activity. Paper-87769. This region contains several potential candidate genes for obesity, including glucokinase regulatory protein ( GCKR) and pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC). Paper-934858. On the other hand, the ACTH- LPH gene may be repressed at a relatively early stage in non-APUD cells and be difficult to reactivate even after neoplastic transformation. Paper-3650884. CRH and POMC gene expression and blood levels of ACTH, CORT, and PRL were normalized within 1-3 d of removal of suckling pups. Paper-337637. It appears that with the new Clip Piston MVP the previously difficult surgery of malleus-grip stapedectomy has become straight forward and technically simpler. Paper-12435573. However, only anterior pituitary POMC transcription is inhibited by glucocorticoids and stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH). Paper-5539449. In this context, it is noteworthy that proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) cleavage is also processed by furin, leading to ACTH, beta-lipotropin, and beta-endorphin. Paper-14378972. These findings suggest that either the pituitary ACTH- producing tumors have lost their receptors to CRF or their post-receptor mechanism to CRF is not functional. Paper-4509531. Co-injection of LIF (50 micrograms/kg) and CRH (10 micrograms/kg) synergistically induced ACTH levels in a time-dependent manner up to 23-fold after 60 minutes. Paper-815384. LIF knockout mice show reduced stress- induced ACTH secretion, which can be restored by LIF replacement, suggesting a physiologic role for LIF. Paper-12779042. LIF knockout mice show reduced stress- induced ACTH secretion, which can be restored by LIF replacement, suggesting a physiologic role for LIF. Paper-12778879. POMC mRNA containing cells were found to be localized in clusters and were highly associated with corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) receptors. Paper-79210. This cell line may be useful to study glial differentiation and the relationship of GHRH, IGF-II and POMC expression with differentiation in neuroectodermal tumours. Paper-7422273. In addition, ACTH- induced rapid phosphorylation of p38 kinase and ERK, and ACTH signaling occurred via melanocortin receptor 1 ( MC1R) and receptor 2 (MC2R). Paper-13184684. We conclude that TRH triggers the release of POMC-derived peptides from the PI through the direct stimulation of TRH receptors normally expressed on melanotropes. Paper-11820724. In this study, we provide the first molecular evidence that Nur77 activated by HIF under hypoxic conditions regulates production of the peptide hormone precursor POMC. Paper-10204644. Atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP) has been reported to inhibit POMC peptide release and is thought to act through cGMP signalling pathways. Paper-1332919. Spheroids of a small-cell lung cancer ( SCLC) cell line POC were used to evaluate the uptake and penetration of two antibodies recognising different SCLC antigens. Paper-8150574. Three transcription factors have been identified that affect transcription of the POMC gene by binding to two different sites within the CRH-responsive element of that promoter. Paper-284263. Pituitary proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and hypothalamic corticotrophin- releasing hormone ( CRH) messenger RNA (mRNA) was decreased. Paper-16028435. Taken together, these findings suggest that hypothalamic POMC and AGRP and stomach ghrelin may be involved in TNF-alpha-induced hypophagia in mice. Paper-13128517. LIF potently induces pituitary proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene transcription and ACTH secretion and potentiates CRH induction of POMC. Paper-10204422. Tests for linkage were performed using polymorphic di- and tetranucleotide simple sequence repeat markers flanking the reported map locations for POMC, NEC-1, NEC-2, and CRH. Paper-759468. Ectopic ACTH syndrome: discrepancy between somatostatin receptor status in vivo and ex vivo, and between immunostaining and gene transcription for POMC and CRH. Paper-9480949. These are fatty acid-binding protein 2 ( FABP2), FABP4, and FABP5 for Olep1, and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and glucose regulatory protein (GCKR) for Olep2. Paper-10175772. POMC gene silencing abolished the stimulatory effect of CRH on corticosteroid synthesis, indicating that this is indirect and mediated via production of ACTH. Paper-10787206. We have shown that alpha- MSH and ACTH bind the human MC1R with equal affinity, and are equipotent in their mitogenic and melanogenic effects on human melanocytes. Paper-8557851. Thus, MC systems may have diverged by producing structurally different MC peptides from POMC and expressing MCR subtypes differing in ligand selectivity in a variety of tissues. Paper-12042015. Insulin replacement reversed the increase in ARH NPY/ AGRP mRNAs, partially recovered POMC, but had no effect on recovering Kiss1/ NKB. Paper-13947395. UV-induced expression of key component of the tanning process, the POMC and MC1R genes, is dependent on the p-38-activated upstream stimulating factor-1 ( USF-1). Paper-10561071. The ACTH- releasing potency of 1 nM CRH was inhibited 75% following pretreatment of the whole pituitary gland with 400 nM of the CRH antagonist alpha-helical CRH(9-41). Paper-8766994. No association of defined variability in leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, proopiomelanocortin and ghrelin gene with food preferences in the Czech population. Paper-14449058. Here we report that Sim1 heterozygous mice, which have normal energy expenditure, are hyperphagic despite having elevated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( Pomc) expression. Paper-14709838. If confirmed, CRH antagonists may prove useful in the treatment of disorders whose pathophysiology involves molecules that respond to CRH- regulated POMC transcription factors. Paper-284263. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA levels were significantly increased and associated with a marked decreased in both hypothalamic POMC and CART mRNA levels in the T(3)-treated rats. Paper-10066859. To understand the molecular mechanisms of leptin resistance, we studied the regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene expression by leptin. Paper-13519132. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) activation on CRF receptor function of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) cells in culture. Paper-6515638. Tumor necrosis factor alpha differentially regulates beta-endorphin concentrations and proopiomelanocortin RNA in the anterior and neurointermediate pituitary in vivo. Paper-353088. This short review will provide a brief overview of the role of gamma-MSH in the adrenal and the more recent report that it can also regulate HSL function in the adipocyte. Paper-13617832. In contrast, leptin induced SOCS-3 expression in neuropeptide Y ( NPY) neurons but not Fos, suggesting that leptin acts differentially on NPY and POMC cells. Paper-9122937. CRF is critical for the circadian rhythmicity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the augmented release of ACTH from the pituitary in response to the stress. Paper-13690870. We have also shown that Ucn 2 secreted by POMC cells acts on gonadotrophs expressing CRF type 2 receptors and inhibits the expression and secretion of gonadotropins. Paper-15391809. NPY inhibited POMC transcript accumulation and tended to reduce alpha- MSH secretion in HD cells, yet these effects were less pronounced than those evoked in LD cells. Paper-8845638. In conclusion, dephosphorylation/inactivation of TH (the rate-limiting enzyme of the DA biosynthesis) in NEDA neurons is required for suckling- induced PRL and ACTH responses. Paper-15076115. Thus, we have established PC1/3 stably- expressing cell line (DMS-79T) capable of proteolytically processing ACTH precursor molecule(s) into mature ACTH and beta-END. Paper-14164897. These results suggest that ACTH stimulates IL-18 expression in human keratinocytes, which provides an insight into the interaction between ACTH and inflammatory mediators. Paper-13184684. Whereas p53 potently stimulates the POMC promoter in response to UV, the absence of p53, as in knockout mice, is associated with absence of the UV-tanning response. Paper-13144586. Importantly, melanocytes derived from USF-1 -/- mice exhibit a defective UV response and fail to activate POMC and MC1R expression in response to UV irradiation. Paper-10561071. In contrast, sections processed for POMC and CRF showed that 27% of POMC- labeled axon terminals (n = 657) also exhibited CRF immunoreactivity. Paper-11816280. In addition we observed by immunofluorescence that ESR1 is coexpressed with POMC in around 25-30% of hypothalamic neurons of males and females during late embryonic stages and adulthood. Paper-15884144. BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced p53 activation promotes cutaneous pigmentation by increasing transcriptional activity of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) in the skin. Paper-12974125. These results suggest that the mRNA expression and secretion of Ucn 2 in POMC cells of the pituitary are positively regulated by CRF and negatively regulated by glucocorticoids. Paper-12454945. AVP stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH), but it also potentiates the action of CRH on ACTH release. Paper-8413850. We now show that NeuroD1 is expressed in corticotroph cells of the pituitary gland and that it is involved in cell-specific transcription of the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. Paper-1213763. Specific and time-dependent effects of glucocorticoid receptor agonist RU28362 on stress- induced pro-opiomelanocortin hnRNA, c-fos mRNA and zif268 mRNA in the pituitary. Paper-11345856. We now report that Tpit functions as an activator of transcription by recruiting SRC/p160 co-activators to its cognate DNA target in the POMC promoter, the Tpit/Pitx-RE. Paper-10042998. Leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF) stimulates proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) expression in a corticotroph cell line. Role of STAT pathway. Paper-534825. Atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic GMP analogues and modulation of guanylyl cyclase do not alter stimulated POMC peptide release from perifused rat or sheep corticotrophs. Paper-1332919. We conclude that insulin, ghrelin, CCK, and GLP-1 may regulate DMI in sheep by regulating the hypothalamic gene expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC. Paper-14223705. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed frequent coexistence of POMC and CRF in varicose processes that overlapped TH-containing somatodendritic processes in the LC. Paper-11816280. The ratio between expression of the ARC orexigenic peptides ( NPY and AgRP) and anorexigenic peptides ( POMC and CART) was increased in juvenile, but not in middle-aged, FR rats. Paper-12860205. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of high glucose on POMC gene was eliminated by NF-kappaB and AP1 inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of the transcriptional factors. Paper-13225386. The present study examines the receptor binding affinities of the POMC, ProEnk and ProDyn peptides to the cloned mu, delta and kappa receptors expressed transiently in transfected COS-1 cells. Paper-541325. Co-transfection of the pIRES vector with the GLP-1R resulted in GLP-1- stimulated activation of POMC promoter-driven preproinsulin gene transcription but insulin secretion was not detected. Paper-11044509. Secondary analyses employing the narrower phenotype of opioid dependence (83 affected individuals) demonstrated association with SNPs in PENK and POMC, but not in OPRM1 or OPRD1. Paper-12499872. AVP, which is a weak secretagogue of ACTH but strongly potentiates CRH- stimulated ACTH secretion, operates through the phosphatidylinositol (PI) transduction pathway. Paper-6824645. These results indicate that GALP directly targets GHRH neurons, but not NPY and POMC neurons, and that ghrelin directly targets GHRH neurons in the ARC. Paper-11028902. We here studied the effects of somatostatin analogs on ACTH secretion using mouse corticotrope AtT20 cells focusing on the biological activity of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Paper-14256324. The rapid inhibition of the stress-induced rise in POMC hnRNA in the anterior pituitary appears to reflect direct, GR- mediated suppression of POMC gene expression. Paper-11345856. We analyzed 18 OPRM1 SNPs, 18 OPRD1 SNPs, 7 PENK SNPs, and 7 POMC SNPs in a sample of 1923 European Americans from 219 multiplex alcohol dependent families. Paper-12499872. RESULTS: No KLK1 gene expression was detected on Northern blot analysis although expression of PRL, GH and pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) was variously detected. Paper-787222. CRH stimulates POMC gene expression, which is mediated by the accumulation of intracellular cAMP and requires binding of Nur factors to Nur-responsive element (NurRE). Paper-13212383. Leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF) induces acute adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH) secretion in fetal rhesus macaque primates: a novel dynamic test of pituitary function. Paper-815384. Leptin administration decreased NPY and AgRP and increased POMC mRNA levels toward baseline, but CNTF administration in fasted mice had no effect of comparable significance. Paper-8595040. On Western blot analysis, POMC, beta LPH, and beta-endorphin were detected in cell extracts under baseline conditions. beta LPH level increased substantially after UVR, IL-1 alpha, or TPA. Paper-534100. In melanocytes and fibroblasts CRH- induced CRH-R1 stimulation upregulates POMC expression and production of ACTH through activation of cAMP dependent pathway(s). Paper-13122896. NPY mRNA levels increased in the hippocampus, prefrontal and piriform cortices in the 2 h-kindled group, while IL-1Ra, gp 130, or POMC mRNA levels did not change in any group. Paper-2171966. The present data suggest that, in the 14-day-old rat pituitary, the majority of GHRH target cells are cells expressing LH beta mRNA alone or in combination with GH and/or POMC mRNA. Paper-12785941. This CRH/ POMC skin system appears to generate a function analogous to the HPA axis, that in the skin is expressed as a highly localized response which neutralizes noxious stimuli and attendant immune reactions. Paper-8362180. Effects of vasopressin and elimination of corticotropin-releasing hormone- target cells on pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels and adrenocorticotropin secretion in ovine anterior pituitary cells. Paper-1097375. Interestingly, the NeuroD1 heterodimers activate transcription in synergy with Ptx1, a Bicoid-related homeodomain protein, which also contributes to corticotroph specificity of POMC transcription. Paper-1213763. We used stable X. transgenesis in combination with the POMC gene promoter to generate transgenic frogs overexpressing BDNF specifically and physiologically inducible in the melanotrope cells. Paper-12289850. "Cryptic" repeating triplets of purines and pyrimidines (cRRY(i)) are frequent and polymorphic: analysis of coding cRRY(i) in the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and TATA- binding protein ( TBP) genes. Paper-91612. Multiple forms of ACTH-related peptides containing unprocessed ones are present in some cases of ACTH-producing tumors, presumably without action of PC-1 under the control of CRF. Paper-13690870. The aim of this study was to investigate a series of single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in the genes MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R, POMC, and ENPP1 for association with obesity. Paper-12980401. Pretreatment of AtT-20 cells with antisense c-fos oligonucleotides prevented CRF from blocking glucocorticoid inhibition of POMC hnRNA levels and beta EP release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Paper-100347. Although CRH and AVP may affect secretion of ir- ACTH, the present results do not support a role for these neuropeptides in affecting the level of POMC mRNA in the fetal sheep pituitary. Paper-8007312. We show that phospho- STAT3 activates POMC promoter in response to leptin signaling through a mechanism that requires an SP1- binding site in the POMC promoter. Paper-13519132. OBJECTIVE: Hearing results after 23 implantations of a newly designed titanium-clip stapes piston prosthesis (the àWengen Clip Piston prosthesis) in patients with otosclerosis were evaluated. Paper-11005708. The prominent effect of UCN on ACTH secretion in vivo was confirmed in AP cell cultures, where application of UCN stimulated ACTH release approximately 7 times more strongly than CRH. Paper-1621078. In conclusion, ghrelin- induced GH secretion was severely blunted in patients with active Cushing's syndrome, in addition to a remarkable hyper-response in ACTH and cortisol secretion. Paper-9613878. Here we have shown that UV-induced activation of the POMC and MC1R promoters is mediated by p38 stress-activated kinase signaling to the transcription factor, upstream stimulating factor-1 ( USF-1). Paper-10561071. We examined whether Tpit/PitxRE and NurRE are involved in CRH/ cAMP- induced activation and Gc- induced repression of POMC gene expression by reporter assay in AtT-20 corticotropic cells. Paper-13212383. This involves the production of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH) with the subsequent release of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) peptides, of which adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH) is most important. Paper-13184684. CRH and AVP antisera each prevented the effect of AVP (800 pmol) on ACTH secretion, whereas the beta-ENDir response to AVP was only inhibited by about 60% by the antisera. Paper-7532889. The arcuate nucleus ( ARH) was analyzed for NPY, AGRP, POMC, Kiss1, and NKB mRNA expression; the dorsal medial hypothalamus (DMH) was analyzed for NPY mRNA. Paper-13947395. These results demonstrate that CRF and AVP can act synergistically on human pituitary tissue in vitro to promote the release of POMC-related peptides and also in vivo as shown by others. Paper-4821943. Northern blot analysis of GH and PRL mRNA levels and radioimmunoassay for GH and PRL in the cultured cells revealed that ACTH increases the syntheses of both pituitary hormones as well. Paper-1915289. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with CRH antiserum, whereas pretreatment with AVP antiserum prevented the CRH- induced ACTH release and inhibited the beta-ENDir response by 50%. Paper-7532889. We have previously found that PACAP stimulates POMC gene expression, POMC biosynthesis, and alpha- MSH secretion in the melanotrope cell of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. Paper-12939440. Mice lacking 5-HT 2C receptors (5-HT(2C)Rs) displayed hepatic insulin resistance, a phenotype normalized by re-expression of 5-HT(2C)Rs only in pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) neurons. Paper-15524473. Furthermore, the negative feedback effects of cortisol on pituitary POMC synthesis and/or ACTH release during active parturition may be lessened by downregulation of anterior pituitary GR. Paper-8549017. TRH had no effect on POMC biosynthesis after 3 days of treatment, although its receptor was still functional as was shown in superfusion experiments where TRH stimulated alpha- MSH secretion. Paper-1151933. Specifically, mutations in the POMC processing enzymes prohormone convertase 1/3 ( PC1/3) and in carboxypeptidase E ( CPE) and in the α- MSH degrading enzyme, PRCP, are associated with changes in energy balance. Paper-15884142. In this study we report the effects of agouti-signaling protein ( ASIP), the human homolog of mouse agouti, on the action of alpha- MSH or ACTH at the five known human melanocortin receptor subtypes (hMCR 1-5). Paper-1021724. Further, while short duration exposure of fetal corticotropes to either CRF or AVP had no effect on POMC mRNA, CRF appears capable of interfering with glucocorticoid suppression of POMC mRNA. Paper-8741135. This melanocortin receptor ( MC3-R) is found in neurons of the arcuate nucleus known to express proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and in a subset of the nuclei to which these neurons send projections. Paper-7872810. Expression of genes encoding for neuropeptide Y ( NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), orexin ( ORX), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and leptin receptor (ObRb) was quantified. Paper-13667848. Ontogenic changes in pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and prolactin ( PRL) mRNA were examined during gestation and early neonatal life using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Paper-8185319. We have previously reported that TRX released from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis by upregulating MSH receptor expression and its binding activity in melanocytes. Paper-9149078. Hyposecretion of CRH may result in decreased release of both pituitary B-endorphin (B-E) and adrenocorticotrophin hormone ( ACTH); this, in turn, may result in decreased plasma concentrations of B-E, ACTH, and cortisol. Paper-6533003. Glucocorticoids inhibit ACTH synthesis by suppressing transcription of the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene and attenuate ACTH release by decreasing cAMP accumulation stimulated by CRH. Paper-6824645. Knockdown of POMC levels by transfecting cells with antisense oligonucleotides blocks the effect of CRH on NF-kappaB signaling indicating that the above inhibition is indirect, e.g. through activation of POMC. Paper-12323013. In summary, the attenuated ET-1 release and angiogenic processes by POMC overexpression may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, thereby providing a link between Cushing's syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Paper-12025547. From these findings, we hypothesize that UCP, MC3R, MC4R and POMC genes may play important roles and could be candidate loci for production traits such as feed conversion and BW in commercial broiler breeding stock. Paper-13008144. Treatment of melanotrophs in vitro with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 markedly reduced ERK phosphorylation and lowered the transcription as well as the translation of POMC. Paper-15692995. Tpit is a highly cell-restricted transcription factor that is required for expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene and for terminal differentiation of the pituitary corticotroph lineage. Paper-9874527. Corticotropin-releasing factor ( CRF) is a peptide hormone that regulates the synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived bioactive peptides from the cells of both neuroendocrine system and immune system. Paper-7722431. In addition, alpha- MSH antagonizes the effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 ( TGF-beta1) on collagen synthesis in HDFs in vitro and exerts antifibrogenic activity in a mouse model of cutaneous fibrosis. Paper-10604100. Glucocorticoids also blocked CRH- stimulated POMC gene transcription in anterior pituitary cultures in a temporal manner paralleling their inhibitory effects on CRH-stimulated beta-endorphin secretion. Paper-5490221. The processing of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) to generate bioactive ACTH in the anterior pituitary is mediated by prohormone convertase 1 ( PC1). Paper-2080201. Plasma corticosterone and pituitary POMC mRNA expression were decreased 24 h following the last dose of DEX, whereas plasma ACTH and pituitary CRHR1 mRNA expression had already increased (normoxia and hypoxia). Paper-10793531. In sections processed for POMC and TH, approximately 29% of POMC-containing axon terminals (n = 405) targeted dendrites that exhibited immunogold-silver labeling for TH. Paper-11816280. Human POMC promoter -879/+6 fused to the luciferase reporter gene and transfected into AtT-20 cells, was stimulated by LIF (7-fold), which also exerted strong (22-fold) synergy with CRH on POMC transcription. Paper-1099518. We monitored the fates of newly synthesized proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), prohormone convertase ( PC2), and secretogranin III ( SgIII), which are sulfated and regulated secretory proteins. Paper-1374385. We performed a gene-wide and tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based association study of four positional and functional candidate genes ( CALM2, CYP1B1, QPCT, and POMC) in a sample of 1,243 cases and matched controls. Paper-12489795. On Northern blot analysis, the baseline expression of the 1.2-kb POMC transcript was upregulated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or by stimulation with interleukin-1 alpha ( IL-1 alpha) or phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA). Paper-534100. The CR50% mice did not demonstrate the expected rise in hypothalamic mRNA expression of COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, POMC, or CRH 2 h post-LPS, and leptin expression was decreased at this time point. Paper-16051928. Addition of ACTH to cells cotransfected with the pCREluc reporter and wild-type MC2R activated luciferase expression with a 50% effective concentration of 5.5 x 10(-9) M ACTH, which is similar to previously reported values. Paper-9547667. A multicolumn cell perifusion system was used to investigate the role of cGMP signalling pathways in CRH- and AVP- stimulated POMC peptide release from primary cultures of ovine or rat anterior pituitary cells. Paper-1332919. Pretreatment with anti- CRF IgG blocked immobilization- induced increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone and in POMC mRNA expression in both pituitary lobes and Ucn 2 mRNA expression in the intermediate pituitary. Paper-15391809. In humans, mutations in leptin, leptin receptor, proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R) and prohormone convertase 1 ( PC1) have been described in patients with severe obesity. Paper-10695504. Overexpression of CgA in a CgA- and LDCG-deficient endocrine cell line, 6T3, restored regulated secretion of transfected POMC and the presence of immunoreactive CgA at the tips of the processes of these cells. Paper-10288444. In the inferior region of the anterior pituitary, 40-50% of corticotropes had detectable SPC3 hybridization signal, and PVN lesion did not change the extent of colocalization of POMC and SPC3, or SPC3 mRNA levels within corticotropes. Paper-11086233. Both proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) mRNA levels were decreased by fasting, while GLP-1 treatment attenuated fasting- induced decreases in POMC and CART expression. Paper-13059287. Given that Tpit exhibits transcriptional synergy with NGFI-B, our results suggest that Tpit, along with NGFI-B and SRC-2, is part of a transcription regulatory complex assembled on the POMC promoter in response to hormonal stimulation. Paper-10042998. These results suggest that augmented responses of mineralocorticoids to o- CRF may be characteristic of aldosteronism due to APA, mediated by CRF- induced ACTH, and possibly other proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides. Paper-5649009. The two aims of this study were to observe whether ghrelin- mediated GH secretion was altered, and to characterize the corticotropin ( ACTH) and cortisol response to this new stimulus in patients with Cushing's disease. Paper-9613878. In addition to CRH effects, UVB activated the POMC promoter, POMC mRNA expression, and ACTH release, whereas an antagonist of the CRH receptor 1 abrogated the UVB- stimulated induction of POMC. Paper-11988665. Saireito decreased the hypothalamic CRF level due to an early release of CRF and stimulated ACTH release and POMC gene expression but did not increase CRF gene expression. Paper-7621463. These results show that the POMC neurons are targets for NPY, which is presumably present in, and released from, fibres originating in the ventromedial arcuate nucleus and which may play a role in NPY-induced feeding. Paper-1292255. The effect of AVP in HA- and stress- induced POMC and PRL secretion is both mediating and permissive and the AVP-receptors involved differ with respect to these two actions as well as with type of adenohypophysial hormone secreted. Paper-930738. Moreover, LIF- activated STAT3 indirectly mediates LIF corticotroph action by inducing and potentiating CRH- induced c-fos and JunB expression and binding to the POMC AP-1 element. Paper-8614522. Systemic administration of a specific anti- CRH antiserum inhibited the ACTH response to 5-HTP and fluoxetine and prevented the 5-HTP and fluoxetine-induced POMC mRNA response in the anterior pituitary lobe. Paper-10681038. LIF and the related cytokine oncostatin M induced basal, and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) induced proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and ACTH secretion in AtT20 cells. Paper-534825. Immunohistochemical staining of consecutive sections of the tumor indicated that AVP and CRF are often found in the same cell, but the CRF and AVP- producing cells are clearly distinct from the POMC peptide-producing cells. Paper-6306837. Furthermore, we suggest that ACTH- induced IL-18 production is via the caspase-1 activation pathway, as IL-18 production induced by ACTH could be suppressed by caspase-1 inhibitor, and ACTH could increase caspase-1 activity. Paper-13184684. The melanocortin system in articular chondrocytes: melanocortin receptors, pro-opiomelanocortin, precursor proteases, and a regulatory effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix components. Paper-14046632. In order to determine whether NPY could influence POMC neuronal activity, we have studied the effects of NPY and some NPY analogs on POMC gene expression using quantitative in situ hybridization. Paper-252719. We also investigated potential downstream targets of leptin responsive NPY and POMC neurons by assessing the distribution of the melanocortin 4 receptor ( MC4-R) mRNA and Y1 and Y5 NPY receptor mRNA in chemically defined neurons. Paper-9122937. A marked difference between the response to NPP and ACTH and the response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone employed as a reference secretagogue in terms of the time required for stimulating the release of GH and PRL was noted. Paper-1915289. The aim of the work described here was to investigate POMC-derived peptide release in vitro by cultured fibroblasts following incubation with different concentrations of both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta for 24 hours (1, 5, and 10 ng/ml). Paper-8269554. Taken together, our observation suggests that the decreased food intake by GLP-1 is caused by preventing the fasting- induced increase in hypothalamic NPY and AgRP and the fasting- induced decrease in hypothalamic POMC and CART. Paper-13059287. Pups from obese dams had higher hypothalamic mRNA expression of POMC and NPY Y1 receptor, but lower hypothalamic melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R) and its downstream target single-minded gene 1 ( Sim1), in the fed state. Paper-13855580. Unlike the MSH or ACTH receptors, MC3-R is potently activated by gamma-MSH peptides, POMC products that were named for their amino acid homology with alpha- and beta-MSH, but lack melanotropic activity. Paper-7872810. Agouti-related protein ( AGRP) and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) have opposing effects on melanocortin receptor ( MC-R) signaling and energy balance, and are important targets for leptin and insulin in the hypothalamus. Paper-11215943. It was also found that alpha-amanitin negatively regulated basal and CRF- stimulated POMC mRNA levels at both the 2 hr and 24 hr time periods, supporting evidence for positive regulation of POMC by CRF at the transcriptional level. Paper-5620604. The author states that inour original article we asserted that the racial reality of POC was generally different from the racial reality of White Americans and that oftentimes interpretations of situations and events are the result of worldviews or racial identity. Paper-13704940. Gel shift assay showed that nur77 bound to negative glucocorticoid responsive element (nGRE) in the promoter of the human proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene and the formation of the nur77-nGRE complex increased after treatment of the cells with CRH. Paper-1336993. Studies indicate that pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) is sorted to the regulated secretory pathway by binding to a sorting receptor identified as membrane- bound carboxypeptidase E ( CPE) [Cool et al. (1997) Cell 88, 73-83]. Paper-8484729. Two transcription factors identified, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-inducible factor (GIF), dose-dependently induced expression of the rat POMC promoter when overexpressed in AtT-20 cells. Paper-10252172. NGFI-B is an important mediator of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) activation of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) transcription, and TIF1beta enhances transcription mediated through the NGFI-B target, the Nur response element (NurRE). Paper-13775243. In that a 2-hr treatment with NPY did not influence POMC biosynthesis, nor processing of this prohormone to smaller peptides, we conclude that the primary action of NPY is a direct effect on the secretory process of the MSH cell. Paper-5777573. Using immunohistochemistry we detected END and POMC alone or colocalized with PC1, PC2, carboxypeptidase E, and 7B2 in macrophages/ monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes of the blood and within inflamed sc paw tissue. Paper-10364753. Pregnancies occurred with every type of mechanical tubal occlusion techniques included for study (the tubal ring, the Rocket Clip, the Secuclip and the Filshie Clip), and a frequently reported reason for failure was incorrect placement of the device. Paper-5624709. These results suggest that chronic intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of CRF stimulates the synthesis and secretion of POMC-related peptides in the pituitary and suppresses food intake accompanied by inhibition of body weight gain. Paper-7149311. In order to place Amazonia in a global perspective and make the carbon flux obtained through the LBA project comparable with global carbon budgets, we extrapolated NPP/NEE values found by LBA studies to the entire area of the Brazilian Amazon covered by rainforest. Paper-10745128. Both urocortin (UCN) and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) are known to stimulate secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH) by corticotroph cells via type-1 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor ( CRHR-1). Paper-1621078. Whereas intracellular POMC peptide generation is well characterized, less is known on their extracellular processing in peripheral tissues by the neuropeptide-specific zinc metalloproteases neprilysin ( NEP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Paper-13243709. Neuropeptides including galanin-like peptide ( GALP), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), products of the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC; e.g., alpha- MSH and beta-endorphin), and kisspeptin are thought to be involved in this process for several reasons. Paper-12540305. Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), acting at DA D2-receptors ( D2-R) on pituitary target cells, mediates peptide release and biosynthesis of rat pituitary anterior lobe (AL) prolactin, and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC). Paper-6412629. The present data show that hypophysectomy depresses hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels and that this effect is not related to the suppression of PRL secretion since this hormone exerts an inhibitory action on POMC gene expression. Paper-7455141. Alpha-helical CRF, a peptide known to inhibit CRF induced POMC peptide release from the anterior pituitary, was incubated with NILS for a period of 90 min, to study its potential ability to modulate peptide release from the intermediate lobe. Paper-41567. Somatostatin analogs octreotide and pasireotide ( SOM230) significantly suppressed CRH- induced ACTH and cAMP production in AtT20 cells and reduced ERK and p38 phosphorylation. Paper-14256324. LIF induces adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH) secretion in vitro and potently synergizes with both corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) and cAMP- induced pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) transcription. Paper-815384. Thyroid function, pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and ACTH content, and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and AVP mRNA were also assessed. Paper-10127154. It has been previously documented that human skin cells including epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts produce and process proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH), and express functional CRH receptors type-1 ( CRH-R1). Paper-10802008. We found dysfunction of the HPA axis in 19%, who demonstrated insufficiency of their HPA axis with basal cortisol levels below 500 nmol/liter, and who did not respond with a peak cortisol above the cut-off level to neither an ACTH test (30 or 60 min.) nor an ITT. Paper-12307806. The peroxisomal localization of β- LPH and β-endorphin was not restricted to the pituitary gland but was additionally found in other human tissues that express high levels of ALDP, such as dorsal root ganglia, adrenal cortex, distal tubules of kidney, and skin. Paper-15401495. Using this procedure, we assigned to specific chromosome sites three cloned genes and one DNA polymorphism: amylase gene (AMY) to 1p21; proopiomelanocortin gene ( POMC) to 2p23, somatostatin gene ( SST) to 3q28, and a single copy DNA segment (D3S1) to 3q12. Paper-4354189. PBMC stimulated with LPS or TNF-alpha released alpha- MSH in a concentration-dependent manner. alpha- MSH inhibited LPS- induced TNF-alpha production, and alpha- MSH simultaneously augmented production of interleukin (IL)-10 by PBMC. Paper-11844991. Hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor ( GR), hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) GR and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH), and pituitary GR and proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA levels did not differ. Paper-11100250. Corticotropin releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone either inhibit or enhance in a dose-dependent fashion an interleukin-4 ( IL-4) driven human IgE synthesis in vitro. Paper-540977. In addition, overexpression of AgRP in the PVN, LH or VMH did not significantly alter mRNA expression of AgRP, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) or suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 ( SOCS3) in the arcuate. Paper-15861919. Release of alpha- MSH from neurointermediate lobes of white-adapted animals is stimulated in vitro by the regulatory peptides sauvagine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH), which are produced in the magnocellular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Paper-1151933. Dietary fat also interferes in biochemical pathways involving leptin, OB-Rb, and other neurons containing neuropeptides under OB-Rb's control, such as neuropeptide Y ( NPY), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). Paper-9044575. Thus, our data suggest that glucose controls thermoregulation and the leptin sensitivity of NPY and POMC neurons through activation of Glut2-dependent glucose-sensing neurons located outside of the arcuate nucleus. Paper-15140655. Rats that were given s.c. injections of T3 (4.5 nmol/kg) had increased food intake 2 h later without alterations in NPY and POMC mRNA levels, but with increased hypothalamic phosphorylated AMPK (169%) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (194%). Paper-14485453. We show that microdissected, organ-cultured human scalp hair follicles respond to CRH stimulation by up-regulating proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) transcription and immunoreactivity (IR) for ACTH and alpha- MSH, which must have been processed from POMC. Paper-11081400. These findings suggest that the ACTH increase induced by LIF and IL-6 is due to both increased POMC synthesis as well as increased POMC processing by up-regulation of PC1. Paper-2080201. The effect of uncontrolled diabetes to decrease POMC, while increasing AgRP gene expression, suggests that reduced hypothalamic melanocortin signaling, along with increased NPY and decreased CRH signaling, could contribute to diabetic hyperphagia. Paper-8456414. We have previously described proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene-expression in human normal cultured dermal fibroblasts, and its dose- and time-dependent modulation by transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha). Paper-8269554. An immunocytochemical evaluation revealed a diffuse, strong cytoplasmic reaction for POMC, a moderate to strong reaction for alpha- MSH and beta-END, a weak reaction for ACTH, and negative immunostaining for prolactin, GFAP, and neuron specific enolase in the adenomas. Paper-6513099. Using confocal laser microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy in human pituitary gland, we demonstrate a peroxisomal localization of β-endorphin and β- LPH in cells expressing the peroxisomal ATP- binding cassette-transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein ( ALDP). Paper-15401495. Furthermore, two hypothalamic factors known to be involved in the control of POMC derivatives were also injected; MSH inhibiting Factor ( MIF) does not influence the vigilance states, while Corticotropin Releasing Factor ( CRF, 1 microgram) increases the waking state. Paper-6514955. The correlative proportions between the activity of PC1 and PC2 would therefore shape the character of hormonal balance in the organism, and in particular the mean ACTH concentration that determines the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration in its cells. Paper-1720929. Corticotropin-releasing factor ( CRF) stimulates the release of POMC-derived peptides in both anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, while having differential long-term effects on levels of POMC mRNA in the two pituitary lobes in vivo. Paper-6843490. Evidence suggesting that galanin ( GAL), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neurotensin ( NT), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) are targets of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. Paper-1307260. Dexamethasone inhibited both basal- and LIF- induced ACTH secretion (P<0.05) and LIF induction of ACTH was also attenuated by immuneutralization of either the LIF receptor (35%, P<0.05) or the gp130 affinity converter (41%, P<0.05). Paper-534825. To determine whether prohormone convertase (PC) 1/3 is involved in the abnormal processing of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), we studied whether PC1/3 and 2 genes are expressed in DMS-79, and whether overexpression of PC1/3 gene affects POMC processing pattern. Paper-14164897. We conclude that hyperphagia, not hypometabolism, is the primary disturbance initiating excessive fat deposition in MC4R-deficient mice at weaning and that the overall changes in NPY and POMC expression tend to antagonize the onset of excessive fat deposition. Paper-9843186. Effects of acute "binge" cocaine on preprodynorphin, preproenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA levels in the striatum and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of mu-opioid receptor knockout mice. Paper-9513904. Synergistical effects of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor ( CRF) and arginine vasopressin ( AVP) on the release of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) related peptides by pituitary adenoma of a patient with Nelson's syndrome in vitro. Paper-4821943. We have shown recently that leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF) and oncostatin M ( OSM), two members of the gp130-dependent cytokine family, stimulate murine proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) transcription and adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH) secretion. Paper-1099518. Likewise, selected peptides such as alpha-MSH(2-12) generated from ACTH(1-39) and alpha- MSH by recombinant NEP displayed equipotent MC(1)-activating properties in vitro and antiinflammatory activity in murine allergic contact dermatitis in vivo as compared with the parental peptides. Paper-13243709. Using real-time RT-PCR, we measured mRNA expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor ( GR), mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR), serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (sgk1), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), CRF, and arginine vasopressin ( AVP). Paper-11307680. We report here that 5-day administration of the DA antagonist haloperidol led to significant increases in both D2-R mRNA and POMC mRNA in the NIL; the DA agonist bromocriptine caused a significant decrease in NIL POMC mRNA with no parallel change in D2-R mRNA. Paper-6412629. The discrete changes in NPY, POMC, GAL and CRH gene expression in food-restricted and food-deprived animals suggest the involvement of these peptides in abnormal appetitive behavior and weight loss associated with human eating disorders. Paper-6517086. TNF-alpha treatment also resulted in a significant increase in expression of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA and a significant decrease in expression of agouti-related protein ( AGRP) mRNA in the hypothalamus at 6 h after treatment. Paper-13128517. Many kinds of neurons in these areas of the hypothalamus express factors such as melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), orexin (OX) and ghrelin, which have been implicated in feeding regulation. Paper-10056911. The complete coding regions of MC4R, POMC, and leptin-binding domain of LEPR were comparatively sequenced in 300 patients (233 women and 67 men; mean +/- SEM age, 42 +/- 1 years; mean +/- SEM body mass index, 43.5 +/- 0.3 kg/m2) undergoing laparoscopic gastric banding. Paper-10892662. Expression of the calcitonin (CT)/calcitonin gene related peptide ( CGRP) gene and the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene has been demonstrated by Northern blot hybridization analysis of RNA extracted from human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and lung carcinoma. Paper-5174248. However, the activity of the melanocortin system during progressive fasting does not depend on the hypothalamic/pituitary proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and MC4R expression, which suggests that sea bass MC4R is constitutively activated and regulated by AGRP binding. Paper-13738634. In humans, mutations in leptin, leptin receptor, prohormone convertase 1 ( PC1), pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), melanocortin 4-receptor ( MC4-R), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 genes have been described in patients with severe obesity. Paper-2042594. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy peptide mapping and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy sequencing identified several stable fragments generated from ACTH(1-39), ACTH(1-24), and alpha- MSH by EC membranes or recombinant NEP and ACE. Paper-13243709. In keeping with the role of NGFI-B as mediator of CRH signaling, we found that TIF1beta is recruited to the POMC promoter following CRH stimulation and that TIF1beta potentiates CRH and protein kinase A signaling through the NurRE; it acts synergistically with the SRC2 coactivator. Paper-13775243. Tag Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ( SNPs) (r(2)>0.8) were selected for serotoninergic system genes ( TPH2, SLC6A4 and HTR2A) and HPA axis genes ( CRH, CRHR1, CRHBP, MC2R, POMC, NR3C1, and SERPINA6) and genotyped using Sequenom technology. Paper-15249814. To examine the difference between glucocorticoid sensitivity of the anterior lobe (AL) and intermediate lobe (IL) of the pituitary we have examined glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) status of these two tissues and the role glucocorticoids play in regulating IL POMC gene expression. Paper-89469. In addition, hypothalamic NF-kappaB was activated by leptin, an important anorexigenic hormone, and mediates leptin- stimulated POMC transcription, indicating that hypothalamic NF-kappaB also serves as a downstream signaling pathway of leptin. Paper-14675857. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone ( CRH) and vasopressin ( AVP) are the primary hypophysiotrophic factors regulating ACTH secretion from the fetal sheep pituitary corticotroph, but previous reports with term fetal tissue have failed to show effects on levels of POMC mRNA. Paper-1230004. Recent studies have implicated melanocortins in the VMH regulation of feeding behavior: food intake decreases when arcuate nucleus pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) neurons activate VMH brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) neurons. Paper-10821320. We now report that the production of ACTH and endorphins by leukocytes is indeed induced by synthetic CRF and, in turn, suppressed by dexamethasone, suggesting that, as in pituitary cells, the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene may be expressed and similarly controlled in leukocytes. Paper-5136758. Leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF) and interleukin 6 ( IL-6), two cytokines sharing the common gp130 receptor subunit and functioning through activation of the intracellular JAK/STAT pathway, induce POMC synthesis and ACTH release. Paper-2080201. The melanocortin system, comprising anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) expressing neurons and orexigenic agouti-related protein (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) coexpressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are crucial for normal energy homeostasis both in rodents and humans. Paper-14159729. The induction pattern of regulatory and structural ECM components such as collagens as well as SOX9 and anabolic and catabolic cytokines points to a function of alpha- MSH as a trophic factor in skeletal development during endochondral ossification rather than as a factor in homeostasis of permanent cartilage. Paper-14046632. Surprisingly, and in contrast to what holds for POMC and the convertases, mRNAs for secretogranin II and III ( SgII, SgIII) and 7B2 were not only expressed during neural development, but could already be detected in unfertilized mature oocytes, the first cleavage stages and in blastula-stage embryos. Paper-2118189. Although β- LPH and β-endorphin were only associated with peroxisomes in cells that normally express ALDP, the transporter activity of ALDP is not necessary for the peroxisomal localization, as demonstrated in tissues of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients lacking functional ALDP. Paper-15401495. At the end of study, body fat, food intake, plasma peptide YY ( PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), and hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP) gene expressions were measured. Paper-13555301. Functional studies have shown that alpha- MSH exerts anti-inflammatory actions in human fibroblastic skin cells by suppressing interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced IL-8 production, activation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 ( AP-1) and induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by interferon-alpha. Paper-10604100. Recombinant ASIP also inhibited binding of radiolabeled melanocortins, [125I-Nle4, D-Phe7] alpha- MSH and [125I-Phe2, Nle4]ACTH 1-24, to the hMCR 1-5 receptors, with a relative efficacy that paralleled the ability of ASIP to inhibit cAMP accumulation at the hMC1R, hMC2R, hMC3R, and hMC4R. Paper-1021724. We investigated the effects of CR on gene expression of neuropeptide Y ( NPY), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH), somatostatin (SRIH), and cyclophilin (CP) in the ARH in male F344 rats at 6 months of age. Paper-9822791. Rat PACs were isolated for the N-myc proto-oncogene (Mycn), apolipoprotein B (Apob), the DEAD box gene 1 ( Ddx1), ornithine decarboxylase 1 ( Odc1), proopiomelanocortin ( Pomc1), ribonucleotide reductase, M2 polypeptide (Rrm2), and syndecan 1 ( Sdc1). Paper-8848311. The objective of this study was to investigate whether TCDD modulates neuroendocrine systems by altering gene expression of arginine vasopressin ( AVP), corticotrophin-releasing hormone ( CRH), or pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), which are important neuroregulators of the HPA and HPG axes. Paper-8948134. ChAT and VAChT immunoreactivities were demonstrated in alpha- MSH- and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)-containing cell bodies of the arcuate nucleus, whereas cell bodies containing NPY or agouti-related peptide (AGRP) were distinct from VAChT-immunoreactive neuronal perikarya. Paper-12349636. In conjunction with the action of protein-specific beta1,4GalNAc-transferases, GalNAc-4-ST1 and GalNAc-4-ST2 account for the presence of terminal beta1,4-linked GalNAc-4-SO(4) on glycoproteins such as lutropin, thyrotropin ( TSH), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), carbonic anhydratase-VI ( CA-VI), and tenascin-R. Paper-11046315. The melanocortin-3 receptor ( MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor ( MC4R) located in the brain are implicated as participating in the metabolic and food intake aspects of energy homeostasis and are stimulated by melanocortin agonists such as alpha-melanocyte stimulation hormone (alpha- MSH). Paper-10015649. To determine whether alcohol stimulated the corticotropes independently of CRF and/or VP, we injected the drug ip or icv and measured changes in anterior pituitary proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) transcripts and ACTH release in the presence or absence of endogenous CRF and/or VP. Paper-10866980. In mammals, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ( PACAP) and its receptors PAC1-R, VPAC1-R, and VPAC2-R play a role in various physiological processes, including proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) gene expression. Paper-12939440. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) and proenkephalin ( PENK) gene expression in selected regions of the brain and pituitary of the rat. Paper-1466967. The inhibitory effects of octreotide and SOM230 on CRH- induced ACTH production were also attenuated by noggin, implying that the endogenous BMP system plays a key role in inhibiting CRH- induced ACTH production by AtT20 cells. Paper-14256324. A key component of the tanning process is the UV-mediated induction of the pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) and MC1R genes encoding the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and its receptor, respectively, which play a crucial role in pigmentation by regulating the intracellular levels of cAMP. Paper-10561071. Results showed that while central injection of leptin significantly increased both POMC and NT mRNA levels in the medial basal hypothalamus, cilostamide completely reversed this effect of leptin suggesting a PDE3B-activation dependent induction of POMC and NT gene expression by leptin. Paper-15208544. A search for genes coordinately expressed with the prohormone proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) in the melanotrope cells of Xenopus intermediate pituitary led to the isolation of a cDNA encoding the complete amino-acid sequence of the type I transmembrane V-ATPase accessory subunit Ac45 (predicted size 48 kDa). Paper-1874978. We investigated POMC messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human lymphocytes ex vivo and their relation to plasma ACTH and immunoreactive beta-endorphin (IR-beta-EP) after intravenous injection of human corticotropin releasing factor ( hCRF) in chronic alcoholics (n = 12) and nonalcoholics (n = 12) before surgery. Paper-10194266. These results suggest that intracerebroventricular leptin administration activates the HPA axis by AVP receptor activation through V(1a) receptors in the PVN which in turn activates CRH neurons to drive ACTH and corticosterone secretion in concert with AVP in nonstrained rats. Paper-8413850. Multiplex RNase protection assays showed that bromocriptine treatment caused a striking decrease in POMC mRNA levels, and significant decreases in mRNA levels for prohormone convertase 2 ( PC2), carboxypeptidase H ( CPH), and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ( PAM). Paper-578142. The TSA-ELF was combined with FISH for pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY) mRNAs by hybridizing brain sections in a cocktail containing digoxigenin- labeled riboprobes to NPY or POMC mRNA and biotin-labeled riboprobes to ObRb mRNA. Paper-8639201. Compared to their wild-type littermates, Socs3-deficient mice showed enhanced leptin- induced hypothalamic Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation as well as pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) induction, and this resulted in a greater body weight loss and suppression of food intake. Paper-10348999. Anatomical interactions of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase ( D beta H) fibers and thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus. Paper-30408. The mRNA transcripts for some of these genes, including corticotropin releasing factor ( CRF), proopiomelanocortin ( POMC), melanocortin 2 receptor ( MC2R), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ( StAR) and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) have been detected during embryogenesis prior to hatch. Paper-13714270. Using a continuously perfused adrenal cell column system, we have tested the hypothesis that gamma-MSH peptides exert their effect through the Melanocortin 3 Receptor ( MC3-R), since this is the only known receptor to have high affinity for gamma-MSH peptides and has been suggested to be expressed in the rat adrenal. Paper-10639385. When stably expressed in L cells ( hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R, hMC5R) or in the adrenocortical cell line OS3 ( hMC1R, hMC2R, hMC4R), purified recombinant ASIP inhibits the generation of cAMP stimulated by alpha- MSH ( hMC1R, hMC3R, hMC4R, hMC5R) or by ACTH ( hMC2R). Paper-1021724. In the present study, incubation of normal epidermal melanocytes with CRH was found to trigger a functional cascade structured hierarchically and arranged along the same algorithm as in the HPA axis: CRH activation of CRH-R1 stimulated cAMP accumulation and increased POMC gene expression and production of ACTH. Paper-10787206. In the present study the effects of intravenously administered corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) on the release of proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) derivatives such as adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and beta-endorphin (beta-END) as well as direct effects of CRH on pain sensitivity were examined. Paper-11798103. Here we show that suppression of ROS diminishes pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) cell activation and promotes the activity of neuropeptide Y ( NPY)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-co-producing ( NPY/AgRP) neurons and feeding, whereas ROS-activates POMC neurons and reduces feeding. Paper-16197795. The cassette substitutions of the second, fourth, fifth, and sixth TMs of the hMC4R with homologous regions of the hMC2R did not significantly alter alpha- MSH binding affinity and potency except substitution of the TM3 of the hMC4R, suggesting that the conserved residues in TMs of the hMC4R are crucial for alpha- MSH binding and signaling. Paper-13347845. Expression levels of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), POMC processing enzymes prohormone convertases 1 and 2 ( PC1/ PC2), melanocortin 3 receptor ( MC3R) and melanocortin 5 receptor ( MC5R) were not significantly affected by high dietary salt intake in either WKY or SP-SHR tissues. Paper-13257765. The currently available data suggest that elevated AGRP mRNA along with reduced proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA is associated with many types of obesity and agents antagonizing the effect of AGRP may be a potential therapeutic target in treating obesity and obesity-associated disorders in which endogenous hypothalamic AGRP is elevated. Paper-10076957. To determine whether alterations in immune tissue POMC during AA are also accompanied by changes in immune tissue corticotropin- releasing hormone immunoreactivity (ir-CHR) and arginine vasopressin ( AVP), we measured ir-CRH and AVP by radioimmunoassays in spleen and thymic extracts 14 days following injection of adjuvant. Paper-8022663. While the role of PRL-responsive neurones in the SON remains to be elucidated, these findings support the notion that the central actions of PRL could be mediated via the TH neurones of the dorsomedial arcuate nucleus and/or by a population of neurones in the rostral arcuate nucleus that contain neither TH nor POMC. Paper-8922427. Recombinant human IL-6, LIF, and OSM treatments of primary human fetal pituitary cultures (16-31 wk) increased ACTH secretion by up to 48% ( P < 0.05) using doses of 1 nM, and when fetal cultures were cotreated with CRH, ACTH was induced five- to sixfold as compared to CRH alone (three- to fourfold; P = 0.01). Paper-1099518. In order to elucidate the in vivo regulation of the POMC mRNA levels in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary by endogenous ligands of the GABAA receptor complex, we have studied the effect of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injections of octadecaneuropeptide ( ODN), a peptide derived from diazepam-binding inhibitor ( DBI). Paper-1024755. To better understand how leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF) activates proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene transcription in pituitary corticotrophs, time-course studies of the induction of POMC promoter activity and specific tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 were performed. Paper-9553651. Although arginine-vasopressin ( AVP) is reported to produce greater ACTH biosynthetic and secretary responses than does corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) in sheep anterior pituitary cells, neither factor appears to increase pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA levels, as does CRH in the cells of some other species. Paper-1097375. The effect of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF), alpha-melanotropin (alpha- MSH) and arginine-vasopressin ( AVP) on the release of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides ( beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin, adrenocorticotropin, and the 12K N-terminal) was studied in primary cultures of human anterior pituitary (HAP) cells. Paper-4025282. In the present study, we therefore focused on dietary composition as a specific trait related to obesity and we determined whether genetic variations in leptin ( LEP), LEP receptor ( LEPR), adiponectin ( ADIPOQ), IL-6 and pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) underlie specific native food preferences and obesity-related anthropometric parameters. Paper-14152950. In vitro, NF-kappaB activation directly stimulated the transcriptional activity of pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), a precursor of anorexigenic melanocortin, and mediated the stimulatory effects of LPS, Tat, and pro-inflammatory cytokines on POMC transcription, implying the involvement of NF-kappaB in controlling feeding behavior. Paper-14675857. The findings that OCT and SOM230 up-regulated BMP-Smad1/Smad5/Smad8 signaling and ALK-3 and BMPRII and down-regulated inhibitory Smad6/7 establish that the activation of endogenous BMP system is functionally involved in the mechanism by which somatostatin analogs suppress CRH- induced ACTH production. Paper-14256324. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-peptides, corticotropin ( ACTH), melanotropin (alpha- MSH), beta-endorphin) had no effect on GH release, at any dose tested (0.1-1000 nM), indicating that the stimulatory effect of CRH on GH release by somatotrophs was not mediated by CRH-induced release of POMC-peptides from corticotrophs and melanotrophs. Paper-1897643. Chronic daily nicotine administration induced significant changes in serum corticosterone, serum prolactin, MBH TH mRNA, and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations that tended to persist through day 3 of withdrawal; serum prolactin and MBH POMC mRNA concentrations were suppressed whereas serum corticosterone and MBH TH mRNA concentrations were stimulated. Paper-1609312. Mice were sacrificed 30 min after the last injection and mRNAs for ppDyn and preproenkephalin ( ppEnk) in the CPu and nucleus accumbens (NAc), and for type I corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH(1) receptor) and pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) in the hypothalamus and pituitary, were measured by solution hybridization RNase protection assays. Paper-9513904. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) mRNA was increased and pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) and galanin ( GAL) mRNA were decreased in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) mRNA was decreased in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in male and female food-restricted and food-deprived rats. Paper-6517086. As previously described in 4-month-old rats under basal conditions, 8-month-old FR50 rats showed reduced body weight and an enhanced ratio between mineralocorticoid receptor ( MR) and glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) mRNA levels in the hippocampus, as well as increased pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA levels in the adenohypophysis. Paper-10297785. In order to evaluate the involvement of PRL on the activity of POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus, we have studied the effects of the injection of PRL into the third ventricle of intact and hypophysectomized rats as well as the effects of hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary implants under the kidney capsule on POMC gene expression. Paper-7455141. Repeated immobilization stress (2 h daily for 7 days) increased mRNA levels of CRH in the PVN, proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) in the anterior pituitary, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD 65/67) in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( BST), cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus, and TH in the locus coeruleus. Paper-10697704. Moreover, CsA inhibited the arthritis-induced increases in pituitary POMC and IL-6 mRNA levels and in circulating ACTH and B. In vitro, CsA reduced the POMC mRNA content of cultured anterior pituitary cells and diminished the stimulatory effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH) on POMC mRNA expression and ACTH secretion from these cells. Paper-7534633. ICV administration of NMS increased proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, and induced c-Fos expression in the POMC neurons in the Arc. These findings suggest that NMS is implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythm and feeding behavior. Paper-12669725. These synonyms are used for gene POMC (proopiomelanocortin): Pro-opiomelanocortin, POC, NPP, MSH, LPH, Corticotropin-lipotropin, CLIP, ACTH. These accession numbers are used for gene POMC: Q9UD40 (UNIPROT__AC), Q9UD39 (UNIPROT__AC), CR541826 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), CB988233 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC). POMC is a homologue of pomca (proopiomelanocortin a) from Danio rerio. POMC is a homologue of POMC (proopiomelanocortin) from Pan troglodytes. POMC is a homologue of POMC (proopiomelanocortin) from Canis lupus familiaris. POMC is a homologue of POMC (proopiomelanocortin) from Bos taurus. POMC is a homologue of POMC (proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/ beta-lipotropin/ alpha-melanocyte...) from Gallus gallus. POMC is a homologue of Pomc (pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha) from Mus musculus. POMC is a homologue of Pomc (proopiomelanocortin) from Rattus norvegicus. Important links ! iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins . Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.