The most recent information on PYY is here. Click here for the function of PYY. Edit this page in Wiki Genes - PYY or see Wiki Gene. PYY treatment increased VEGF. Paper-9213010. ATS abolishes the augmented VEGF response to PYY. Paper-9213010. Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. Paper-9367674. Molecular screening of the PYY and Y2R genes was performed. Paper-12881237. Only PYY decreased DP specific activity (7.9%+/-2.2%, n=48). Paper-12270532. Plasma CCK, GLP-1, and PYY concentrations were measured. Paper-1832764. Pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY gene expression. Paper-6802638. The cellular distribution of PP and PYY in mammals is reviewed. Paper-9367674. Porcine and human NPY and porcine PYY gave similar dose-response curves. Paper-6818225. Impaired regulation of ghrelin/ PYY may be conducive to obesity. Paper-12081097. VEGF production is inhibited by vitamin E, but increased by PYY. Paper-9213010. RESULTS: PYY and GLP-1 colocalized in the same cells in human duodenum. Paper-11513020. Blood samples for ghrelin, PYY, and PP were taken throughout. Paper-11096141. PACAP may play a role in the neural regulation of PYY release. Paper-7846513. Serum motilin and peptide YY levels were measured by radioimmunoassays. Paper-394205. Effect of CCK-1 receptor blockade on ghrelin and PYY secretion in men. Paper-13167355. Gastrointestinal satiety signals in humans--physiologic roles for GLP-1 and PYY? Paper-12294880. Plasma GLP-1 and PYY concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Paper-1832764. 3) Dexlox administration abolished the effect of LCF on ghrelin and on PYY. Paper-13167355. Peptone (5%, wt/vol) evoked a sustained release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT. Paper-1552775. FAT-THL completely abolished the FAT-induced changes in ghrelin, PYY, and PP. Paper-11096141. We observed three previously described polymorphisms: G767C on PYY and T585C and T936C on Y2R. Paper-12881237. The effects of these treatments on ghrelin concentrations and PYY release were quantified. Paper-13167355. The two PYY genes are expressed in a broad range of tissues including brain and gonads. Paper-11493395. Ghrelin ( GHR) has orexigenic effects, whereas peptide YY ( PYY) reduces intake. Paper-13835151. Overall, PYY, GLP-1, and NT may participate cooperatively in the ileal brake. Paper-1552775. Inactivation of a novel neuropeptide Y/ peptide YY receptor gene in primate species. Paper-778585. The VIP, but not the CGRP and PYY concentrations seem to be influenced by gastric distension. Paper-846457. Long-term exercise training in overweight adolescents improves plasma peptide YY and resistin. Paper-13878563. PYY, GLP-1, and NT were measured in the portal effluent with specific RIAs. Paper-1552775. The addition of PYY to TNF-treated cells reduced IRF-1 and p53 binding to control levels. Paper-12294290. Blood was analyzed for GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, C-peptide, peptide YY ( PYY) and ghrelin. Paper-15491206. The PYY action involves vagal cholinergic- mediated CGRP/NO protective mechanisms. Paper-8333172. PPAR binding increased 51% after TNF-alpha treatment and was reduced to 33% with PYY. Paper-10325658. Similarly, basal levels of CCK, motilin, GLP-1 and PYY were elevated in the operated group. Paper-1072414. Small bowel concentrations of VIP and PYY were higher in the older mastomys ( P less than 0.05). Paper-6814256. PYY or NPY reduced the efficacy of VIP by about 50% without altering its potency. Paper-6458359. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) also blocks PYY- induced MAPK phosphorylation. Paper-1442846. An SSTR-2 analog decreased PYY secretion similar to S-14, and an SSTR-3 analog was ineffective. Paper-8596378. We have recently cloned three NPY/ PYY receptor subtypes in zebrafish, called Ya, Yb, and Yc. Paper-8581248. Our data suggest that PYY is involved in the regulation of VEGF production and prostate cancer growth. Paper-9213010. The CCK-1 receptor antagonist Dexlox abolished the effect of ID LCF, on both ghrelin and PYY. Paper-13167355. The areas under the curve from 0-120 min for PYY and GLP-1 were similar in both obese and lean participants. Paper-11513020. DSIP, PYY and SOM levels in CSF were decreased in patients with NPH compared to controls. Paper-7192956. It binds PP with an affinity (Ki) of 13.8 pM, PYY with 1.44 nM, and NPY with 9.9 nM. Paper-426509. By contrast, neither PYY nor NPY altered VIP-stimulated cAMP levels in villus cells. Paper-6815067. Nuclear p65 was increased significantly (p < 0.05) by TNF-alpha at 2 hours and PYY reduced it. Paper-10325658. Cloning and functional expression of a human neuropeptide Y/ peptide YY receptor of the Y1 type. Paper-7355340. In the temporal cortex of the schizophrenic brains, galanin, AVP, NPY and PYY were significantly reduced. Paper-7191856. In conclusion, mutations in PYY and Y2R are not commonly found in humans with severe early-onset obesity. Paper-10538042. Intracisternal PYY increases gastric mucosal resistance: role of cholinergic, CGRP, and NO pathways. Paper-8333172. IV infusion of EGF also stimulated release of PYY in the dog. Paper-1965354. Variations in peptide YY and Y2 receptor genes are associated with severe obesity in Pima Indian men. Paper-10793188. Plasma gastrin, GIP, PP, PYY, and insulin were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Paper-136329. VIP also dilates blood vessels, so we investigated the effect of PYY on the cardiovascular system. Paper-7495840. Smad3/4 binding was increased (p < 0.05) above controls with TNF-alpha and PYY reduced it by 40%. Paper-10325658. DESIGN: Genetic case-control association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in Y2R and PYY. Paper-10847768. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of PYY suppressed early circulating levels of IL-6. Paper-9345213. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide stimulates release of peptide YY. Paper-7846513. Effects of peptide YY on the human cardiovascular system: reversal of responses to vasoactive intestinal peptide. Paper-7495840. Peripheral PYY inhibits intracisternal TRH-induced gastric acid secretion by acting in the brain. Paper-8440034. It is unknown whether fat digestion is a prerequisite for their suppression ( ghrelin) or release ( PYY, PP). Paper-11096141. Studies of the peptide YY and neuropeptide Y2 receptor genes in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits. Paper-10538042. PYY (3 to 36) was added at 500 pM at 30 minutes after TNF-alpha treatment until cell harvest at 2 hours. Paper-10325658. The putative satiety hormone PYY is raised in cardiac cachexia associated with primary pulmonary hypertension. Paper-11115635. A blood volume loss of approximately 40% evoked a selective increase in AD levels of ME, NPY, PYY and NT. Paper-5795654. Tetrodotoxin ( TTX) did not modify the GIP- induced PYY release. Paper-359349. TNF alpha induced elevation of PYY levels in portal plasma with no change in other gut peptide levels. Paper-50624. The Y2-agonist but not the Y1-agonist mimicked these PYY effects (increasing AP 28.3%+/-3.5% and decreasing DP 10.4%+/-3.6%). Paper-12270532. Peptide YY attenuates STAT1 and STAT3 activation induced by TNF-alpha in acinar cell line AR42J. Paper-11829088. Radioimmunoassays for motilin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), NT, PYY and GLP-1 were performed. Paper-1072414. In conclusion, glucose and peptone are potent stimulants of PYY, GLP-1, and NT release. Paper-1552775. Peptide YY ( PYY; 2.3 nmol) was as potent as NPY, suggesting that the Y3 receptor is not implicated. Paper-1965352. Cholecystokinin ( CCK), peptide YY ( PYY), and ghrelin have been proposed to act as satiety hormones. Paper-13167355. The incremental increases in PYY and GLP-1 during that first 20 min were significantly correlated (r2 = 0.388; P < 0.0001). Paper-11513020. The present review summarizes the appetite suppressing effects of PYY and GLP-1 in the regulation of food intake in humans. Paper-12294880. Tetrodotoxin did not modify the bombesin-induced release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT. Paper-386499. Peptide YY attenuates transcription factor activity in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced pancreatitis. Paper-10325658. PYY was infused intravenously at low doses (0.4 and 0.2 pmol.kg-1.min-1) for 100 min each during the continuous VIP infusion. Paper-6823061. TTX did not modify the bethanechol-, isoproterenol-, CGRP-, and bombesin-induced PYY secretion. Paper-359349. Expression cloning and pharmacological characterization of a human hippocampal neuropeptide Y/ peptide YY Y2 receptor subtype. Paper-417687. Appetite-related gut peptides, ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 in obese women with and without binge eating disorder (BED). Paper-12839032. We examined whether variants in the genes encoding PYY and Y2R might be associated with obesity-related phenotypes in humans. Paper-10538042. Cloning of a human receptor of the NPY receptor family with high affinity for pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. Paper-426509. Neurotensin and oxyntomodulin-(30-37) potentiate PYY regulation of gastric acid and somatostatin secretions. Paper-95782. BIIE0246, an antagonist for NPY Y(2) receptor, attenuated the suppression of ANP release by PYY. Paper-13543033. Total PYY concentration increased and resistin concentration decreased after long-term exercise training, which are favorable outcomes. Paper-13878563. The release of NT, PYY, and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) in the portal effluent was measured with specific RIAs. Paper-386499. We hypothesized that racial differences in childhood obesity could partly be explained by differences in ghrelin/ PYY dynamics. Paper-12081097. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our study show high levels of PYY and low levels of ghrelin in ICU patients compared to healthy controls. Paper-12242262. All three peptides are found in the circulation, with PP found primarily in the pancreas and PYY found principally in the gut. Paper-1405294. Peptide YY ( PYY) and Y2 receptor ( Y2R) may be important in the central regulation of body weight and food intake. Paper-10793188. RESULTS: After JIB postprandial motilin, CCK, NT, PYY and GLP-1 were elevated compared to non-operated obese subjects. Paper-1072414. We conclude that the postprandial peripheral plasma concentrations of CGRP, VIP and PYY are dependent on the caloric meal composition. Paper-846457. The lack of differences in the satiety promoting hormones, PYY and GLP-1, makes them unlikely contributors to the binge eating in BED. Paper-12839032. TGF-alpha also increased intestinal expression of NT and PYY peptide, but not mRNA levels. Paper-1965354. In healthy volunteers, there are postprandial increases in plasma peptide YY and motilin levels, which appear related to neural mechanisms. Paper-394205. NPY is expressed exclusively in neurons, whereas PYY and PP are produced primarily in gut endocrine cells. Paper-426509. CONCLUSION: A common and conserved variant of the PYY and NPY receptor Y2R is less prevalent among obese compared to among lean Swedish men. Paper-10847768. Steady-state intestinal NT and PYY mRNA and peptide levels were elevated in a dose-related manner by IGF. Paper-1965354. Several receptor subtypes have been identified pharmacologically, but only the NPY/ PYY receptor of subtype Y1 has been cloned. Paper-426509. Effect of fatty acid chain length on suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of PYY, GLP-2 and PP secretion in healthy men. Paper-12126834. However, fasting and meal-related changes in levels of PYY and GLP-1 did not differ between the groups nor did ratings of hunger and fullness. Paper-12839032. In response to the meal, plasma ghrelin was further suppressed, and PYY and PP stimulated, during both FAT and FAT-THL infusions. Paper-11096141. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether aging influenced the secretion of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY and their effects on appetite and pyloric motility. Paper-1832764. When stimulated by PYY, the Y5 receptor responded with a t(1/2) of 4.6 min and a maximal response approximately 60% of what was observed with Y1. Paper-9746295. We conclude that the effects of intraduodenal fatty acids on ghrelin, PYY and GLP-2 secretion are dependent on their chain length. Paper-12126834. CONCLUSION: The lower suppression of ghrelin in AA, but not the lower PYY levels, correlates with insulinemia and insulin resistance. Paper-12081097. 1) ID fat induced a significant inhibition in ghrelin levels ( P < 0.01) and a significant increase in PYY concentrations ( P < 0.004). Paper-13167355. Peptide YY ( PYY) reverses the increased intestinal secretion stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) in humans. Paper-7495840. PYY was inhibited by two analogs with affinity for SSTR-5, BIM-23268 and BIM-23052, more potently than S-14 and as effectively as S-28. Paper-8596378. Interventions: Plasma ghrelin and total PYY were measured using RIAs after an overnight fast and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after a mixed meal. Paper-11020966. Y(1) tone was unchanged in NPY(-/-) but was approximately 90% inhibited in PYY(-/-) and abolished in PYYNPY(-/-) colon mucosa. Paper-12976152. Coupling of the human Y2 receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY to guanine nucleotide inhibitory proteins in permeabilized SMS-KAN cells. Paper-153866. Hormones such as peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and oxyntomodulin are thought to act as postprandial satiety signals. Paper-13547721. A combination of atropine and hexamethonium eliminated the PYY- induced decrement in VIP output and left motor excitation unchanged. Paper-7882765. In contrast, peptide YY (3-36) ( PYY), an NPY Y(2) receptor agonist, suppressed the release of ANP with positive inotropy. Paper-13543033. These results suggest that intracisternal PYY acts independently of medullary TRH to decrease ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Paper-8333172. Intravenous infusion of PYY (0.1 nmol.kg-1.h-1), NT (15 nmol.kg-1.h-1), or Oxm-(30-37) (60 nmol.kg-1.h-1) did not affect basal acid secretion. Paper-95782. The gastrointestinal hormones cholecystokinin ( CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), and peptide YY ( PYY) may mediate these changes. Paper-1832764. Fat digestion is required for suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide secretion by intraduodenal lipid. Paper-11096141. Modulation of gastric acid by S-14 includes both inhibition and attenuation of further suppression via counterregulation of PYY secretion. Paper-8214465. On the other hand, the effects of 0.1 nmol.kg-1.h-1 PYY were potentiated by subthreshold doses of NT (5 nmol.kg-1.h-1) or Oxm-(30-37) (15 nmol.kg-1.h-1). Paper-95782. TNF-alpha substantially upregulated STAT1 and STAT3 (two-fold or greater); PYY downregulated their binding activity to control levels. Paper-11829088. DISCUSSION: Mixed meal consumption had little effect on ghrelin secretion and a variable effect on PYY secretion in young children in our study. Paper-12756856. Cloning and functional expression of a human Y4 subtype receptor for pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and peptide YY. Paper-417688. Ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and peptide YY in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar): molecular cloning and tissue expression. Paper-13606497. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results provide evidence of association for NPY2R and PYY gene variants with obesity and none for PPY variants. Paper-12454657. In this study, we investigated the effect of somatostatin, PYY and taurocholate on DBI- stimulated CCK secretion. Paper-1604583. Effects of age on concentrations of plasma cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide YY and their relation to appetite and pyloric motility. Paper-1832764. Peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, and neurotensin responses to luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat ileum. Paper-1552775. CONCLUSIONS: NPY, PYY, PP, SP, CCK and GIP do not act directly as regulators of basal hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Paper-8459809. Results from both the electrophoretic mobility shift assay- and the ELISA-based assays verified STAT1 and STAT3 responses to TNF-alpha and PYY. Paper-11829088. The decrease in hunger during intraduodenal lipid infusion was inversely related to the increase in CCK, GLP-1, and PYY in younger but not older subjects. Paper-1832764. Following an overnight fast, the subjects were given a standardized breakfast and lunch and had nine hourly blood samples for total ghrelin and total PYY. Paper-12756856. In the small and large bowels, PrP(c) cells were found in subpopulations of cells immunolabeled for 5HT, Som, G, and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-11493345. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha would induce STAT1 and STAT3, and PYY would attenuate their transcription factor binding. Paper-11829088. Unlabeled porcine and human NPY and structurally related porcine peptide YY ( PYY) competed with labeled NPY for binding to the receptors. Paper-6818225. C12 markedly suppressed plasma ghrelin and increased both PYY and GLP-2 (all P < 0.05) compared with control and C10, while C10 had no effect. Paper-12126834. PYY, ghrelin, GIP, insulin, and glucose concentrations and four markers of satiety were measured for 240 min after a mixed meal. Paper-10991982. Lung tissue GRP, CGRP, and PYY levels appeared to decrease gradually with time, perhaps as a result of the positive pressure ventilation procedure. Paper-6099218. The " brain stem peptides" CCK and PYY had additive inhibitory effects on reticulospinal inputs, as did the "sensory peptides" CGRP and NPY. Paper-8502351. The study sample also showed reductions in TC, LDL, HDL, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 values (all P < 0.001) and an increase in CCK levels ( P < 0.001). Paper-14582445. However, both CCK and GLP-1 were increased by MP (P<0.05), peptide YY ( PYY) was stimulated by WP+PPH, while the decline in ghrelin was larger (P<0.05). Paper-14295091. Gene duplication of the human peptide YY gene ( PYY) generated the pancreatic polypeptide gene ( PPY) on chromosome 17q21.1. Paper-262051. We hypothesized that TNF-alpha would induce IRF-1 and p53 protein binding in pancreatic acinar cells and that PYY would attenuate the effect. Paper-12294290. Our data suggest that the PYY- Y2R pathway may influence body weight through a sex-specific mechanism, but this finding requires confirmation in other populations. Paper-10793188. Several LEP, and NPY2R and PYY SNPs were associated with obesity-related phenotypes in young adults, particularly among African-Americans. Paper-15367129. Gastric emptying of glucose solution and associated plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, and PYY before and after fundoplication. Paper-12404582. Ghrelin is a "hunger" peptide that is high preprandially and decreases postprandially, and peptide YY ( PYY) is a "satiety" hormone increasing after meals. Paper-12081097. Changes of dipeptidyl peptidase IV ( DPP-IV) in obese children with weight loss: relationships to peptide YY, pancreatic peptide, and insulin sensitivity. Paper-15086400. BACKGROUND: Disturbances of leptin, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and peptide YY ( PYY) have been found in women who are ill with anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Paper-8277523. Ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and hunger responses to a mixed meal in anorexic, obese, and control female adolescents. Paper-10991982. Peptide YY reverses TNF-alpha induced transcription factor binding of interferon regulatory factor-1 and p53 in pancreatic acinar cells. Paper-12294290. Previous functional and binding data have indicated the existence of at least three distinct receptor types, Y1, Y2, and Y3, for NPY and/or PYY in mammals. Paper-7355340. The levels of VIP, substance P and NPY were higher in the ascending colon than in the descending colon, whereas the opposite pattern was seen for PYY. Paper-9788597. Modulation of granulocyte functions by peptide YY in the rat: age-related differences in Y receptors expression and plasma dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity. Paper-14178307. Full-length cDNAs encoding two isoforms of GHRL ( GHRL-1 and GHRL-2), two isoforms of CCK (CCK-L and CCK-N) and peptide YY ( PYY) cDNA were obtained. Paper-13606497. Peptide YY Y1 receptor activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and proliferation in gut epithelial cells via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Paper-8637514. 2) LCF significantly inhibited ghrelin levels ( P < 0.02) and stimulated PYY release ( P < 0.008), whereas MCF were ineffective compared with controls. Paper-13167355. Peptide YY ( PYY), a gastrointestinal hormone, inhibits NF-kappaB translocation to acinar nuclei in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced AP. Paper-10325658. In contrast, colonic levels of bombesin, VIP, somatostatin and PYY were significantly lower ( P less than 0.05) in older mastomys compared with young. Paper-6814256. The pancreatic polypeptide family includes pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-417688. Ileal interposition is associated with dramatically elevated ileal hormones, GLP-1, PYY, and glucagon (p < 0.01) with no change in the duodenal hormone GIP. Paper-13566642. Inhibition of VIP- stimulated cAMP by PYY or NPY is time and dose dependent; half-maximal effects were observed for 10 and 107 nM, respectively. Paper-6458359. NPY and PYY, but not PP, SP, CCK or GIP, inhibited the increase in glucose release by glucagon and noradrenaline. Paper-8459809. CCK and PYY are stimulated during meal intake by the presence of nutrients in the small intestine, especially fat, whereas ghrelin is inhibited by eating. Paper-13167355. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) are regulatory peptides that have considerable sequence homology with pancreatic polypeptide. Paper-6524346. The 10 children with substantial weight loss significantly reduced their DPP-IV and insulin concentrations, while QUICKI, PYY, and PP levels significantly increased. Paper-15086400. Calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP) (5.10(-9) M and 5.10(-8) M) induced a PYY release with kinetics similar to that found for isoproterenol. Paper-359349. FAT infusion was associated with a marked, and progressive, suppression of plasma ghrelin from t = 60 min ( P < 0.001) and stimulation of PYY from t = 30 min ( P < 0.01). Paper-11096141. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the increase of fasting PP and PYY in weight loss is influenced at least in part by a decrease of their cleavage enzyme DPP-IV. Paper-15086400. We investigated TNF-alpha induction of Smad proteins, PPARalpha/gamma, and NF-kappaB by TNF-alpha, and hypothesized that PYY would attenuate this effect. Paper-10325658. The PYY variants were not associated with obesity, whereas four variants from two haplotype blocks in Y2R were marginally associated ( P = 0.054-0.067) with obesity. Paper-10793188. Via Y2 receptors, the satiety signal mediated by PYY inhibits NPY neurons and activates pro-opiomelanocortin neurons within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Paper-12669731. STUDY DESIGN: Rat pancreatic acinar cells were treated with recombinant TNF-alpha (200 ng/mL); PYY (3-36; 500 pM) was added 30 minutes post- TNF-alpha treatment. Paper-11829088. These results demonstrated that PYY might inhibit the cephalic phase of insulin release from dogs triggered by 2-DG and by the neuropeptides GRP and G4. Paper-5795659. Reduced concentrations of galanin, arginine vasopressin, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in the temporal cortex but not in the hypothalamus of brains from schizophrenics. Paper-7191856. Less ghrelin suppression and PYY elevation after a meal in black youth could be a potential mechanism of race-related differences in hunger/satiety predisposing to risk of obesity. Paper-12081097. In Caucasians, LEP SNPs also tended to be associated with weight (p = 0.0471), and PYY rs11684664 was associated with obesity-related phenotypes in women only (p = 0.010-0.026). Paper-15367129. Reversal by NPY, PYY and 3-36 molecular forms of NPY and PYY of intracisternal CRF-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats. Paper-661268. S-28 and S-14 caused dose-dependent inhibition of PYY secretion stimulated by gastrin-releasing peptide, but S-28 was more potent than S-14 (EC(50) 0.04 vs. 13.2 nM). Paper-8596378. This novel gene of rabbit encodes a functional NPY/ PYY receptor, designated Y2b, which prefers NPY13-36 rather than [Leu31,Pro34]NPY despite its higher identity with the Y1 receptor. Paper-778585. Neither GHR nor PYY was significantly related to energy intake or absorption ( GHR: R = 0.22 and R = -0.233, PYY: R = 0.10 and R = -0.13). Paper-13835151. We conclude that long-term exercise training has beneficial effects for overweight adolescents with respect to PYY and resistin, hormones related to appetite and insulin sensitivity. Paper-13878563. We analyzed changes of DPP-IV after weight loss in obese children and its relationships to the GI hormones pancreatic peptide ( PP), peptide YY ( PYY), and insulin sensitivity. Paper-15086400. The authors evaluated whether GHR or PYY was related to caloric intake or absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome and whether GHR was associated with body mass index. Paper-13835151. PYY(3-36), the major form of circulating PYY, binds to the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor ( Y2-R) with a high-affinity, reducing food intake in rodents and humans. Paper-11212158. These results indicate that PYY specifically inhibits the insulinotropic action of GIP and that PYY may play a negative-feedback regulatory role in the enteroinsular axis. Paper-6435552. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) are structurally related peptides found in all higher vertebrates. Paper-426509. Plasma glucose, cholecystokinin ( CCK), peptide YY ( PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) were measured periodically and correlated with GE parameters. Paper-14146131. RESULTS: Under basal conditions, neither arterial nor portal NPY, PYY, PP, SP, CCK or GIP modified hepatic glucose and lactate metabolism. Paper-8459809. Peptide YY (400 pmol/kg/h) depressed the insulin levels in response to GRP or G4 but failed to inhibit bethanechol- and VIP-stimulated insulin release. Paper-5795659. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) are two related 36-amino-acid peptides found in all vertebrates and are involved in many physiological processes. Paper-8581248. Our results show that Y2 agonist applied to the DVC during conditions of TRH- stimulated gastric motility mimicked the suppressive effects of PYY applied under the same conditions. Paper-1105188. Additionally in this cell model PYY causes an increase in GTP binding to Ras protein, and cotransfection of dominant negative constructs for Ras and Raf blocks PYY effects on MAPK. Paper-1442846. The inverse relationship between circulating PYY and CCK in the late postprandial phase is compatible with a negative feedback regulation of CCK release by endogenous PYY. Paper-1908744. The primary aim of the study was to measure plasma concentrations of three key gut peptides influencing hunger ( ghrelin) and satiety ( PYY, GLP-1) to ascertain potential abnormalities in BED. Paper-12839032. Cross-reactivities of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY with pancreatic polypeptide antisera: evidence for the existence of pancreatic polypeptide in the brain. Paper-5076741. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) are structurally related peptides that primarily function as neurotransmitter and gastrointestinal hormone, respectively. Paper-7355340. We hypothesized that abdominal sympathetic pathways provide tonic inhibition of peptide YY and motilin release and that postprandial increases in these gut hormones are mediated through spinal pathways. Paper-394205. VIP- stimulated increases in Isc were abolished by the addition of each of PYY, (Pro34)-PYY, a Y1 receptor-selective agonist, and PYY-(3-36), an endogenous Y2 receptor-selective ligand. Paper-1060161. RS-fed rats had decreased body fat, increased POMC expression in the hypothalamic ARC, and elevated plasma PYY and GLP-1 in both the capsaicin and vehicle-treated rats. Paper-13555301. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether CCK mediated the effect of intraduodenal (ID) fat on ghrelin secretion and PYY release via CCK-1 receptors. Paper-13167355. Gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones, ghrelin ( GHRL), cholecystokinin ( CCK), and peptide YY ( PYY) genes were identified in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Paper-13606497. To determine whether genetic variation in PYY and/or Y2R may contribute to morbid obesity in humans, these genes were sequenced in 83 extremely obese Pima Indians ( BMI > or = 50 kg/m2). Paper-10793188. Sitagliptin treatment improved glycaemic control, had no effect on total GLP-1, GIP or intact GLP-2, but reduced total PYY and PYY(3- 36), and increased PYY(1- 36) and intact incretin hormones. Paper-15233222. Substance P, neurokinin A (NKA), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), and peptide YY ( PYY) were tested. Paper-7849678. It is interesting to note that nutrients in the small intestine such as hydrolysis products of fat stimulate the release of satiety peptides such as GLP-1 or PYY that serve as satiety signals. Paper-12294880. The Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1, as well as specific inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR TK) by PD153035, also blocks PYY stimulation of MAPK. Paper-8637514. Under basal conditions, cotransfection of tagged Y1 receptor and Y5 produced a substantial dimerization signal that was unaffected by the endogenous, nonselective agonists, NPY and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-12584865. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles. Paper-9054361. BACKGROUND: Cholecystokinin ( CCK) and peptide YY ( PYY) are released in response to intestinal nutrients and play an important physiological role in regulation of gastric emptying (GE). Paper-13453892. 125I- peptide YY ( PYY) binding was completely inhibited by neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and PYY, and partially inhibited by the Y1 agonist [Leu31, Pro34]NPY or the Y2 agonist NPY13-36. Paper-10558166. Collectively, the present study suggests further heterogeneity of the NPY/ PYY receptors and the existence of multiple receptor proteins in the tumor cell lines derived from the neural crest. Paper-73570. AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Genetic variants of genes for peptide YY ( PYY), neuropeptide Y2 receptor ( NPY2R) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PPY) were investigated for association with severe obesity. Paper-12454657. Enterocytes from septic rats released more VIP and PYY into the incubation medium, and approximately half of the peptides they released were newly synthesized VIP and PYY. Paper-8250669. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether peptide YY ( PYY) and its Y2 receptor ( Y2R) gene variants can be associated with obesity or hypertension or both in a cohort of obese children and adolescents. Paper-12881237. The binding of mono-iodinated radiolabeled PYY was inhibited equally well by PYY and neuropeptide Y ( NPY), whereas the potency of the third member of the family, PP, was 10(5) times lower. Paper-6487212. Furthermore, they significantly increased gastric somatostatin release by +750, +1,700, and +600% over basal level ( P < 0.01) for (in nmol.kg-1.h-1) 0.1 PYY, 15 NT, and 60 Oxm-(30-37), respectively. Paper-95782. Immunocytochemical staining of PYY, PP, or CgA was performed on 4-microm tissue sections with the respective primary rabbit antibody, the biotinylated secondary antibody, and enzyme-labeled streptavidin. Paper-11617525. Generation of LCF through hydrolysis of fat is a critical step for fat-induced inhibition of ghrelin and stimulation of PYY in humans; the signal is mediated via CCK release and CCK-1 receptors. Paper-13167355. Ghrelin, peptide YY ( PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) appear to play an important role in appetite regulation, and their release is modulated by food ingestion, including fat. Paper-11096141. The muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol at a concentration of 10(-4) M provoked a biphasic release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT, consisting of an early peak followed by a sustained response. Paper-386499. After JIB, fewer phase III of the MMC were observed; fasting levels of PYY were elevated during the MMC; postprandial levels of NT, PYY, and GLP-1 were elevated; and gastric emptying was delayed. Paper-1418452. These results show that NPY and PYY act on different receptors to mediate their respective cardiovascular changes from the PHN with NPY stimulating the Y(1) receptor. Paper-10264999. A second weaker hybridization signal also found on chromosome 17q11 and results obtained by Southern blot analysis suggest that the entire PYY- PPY region has undergone a further duplication event. Paper-262051. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Paper-9054361. Plasma CCK, PP, PYY and neurotensin levels were in the same range in the early postprandial phase but were significantly reduced during SST infusion compared with placebo (late postprandial phase). Paper-8733257. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol at a concentration of 10(-6) M induced a transient rise in portal PYY and GLP-1 concentrations, whereas the effect on NT release was clearly biphasic. Paper-386499. Furthermore, the aging was found to be associated with the diminished dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4, an enzyme converting the NPY and PYY to Y2/Y5 receptor selective agonists) activity in plasma. Paper-14178307. Sham feeding significantly increased plasma concentrations of gastrin and neurotensin ( NT), but did not affect those of cholecystokinin ( CCK), insulin, and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-7510389. In obese adolescents, specific intake of high-carbohydrate and high-fat breakfasts is associated with greater increases in ghrelin, lesser increases in PYY, and higher intake at a subsequent meal than in controls. Paper-13969312. In addition to higher fasting ghrelin concentrations, the PWS children showed significantly higher fasting levels of total peptide YY ( PYY) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP) compared to obese controls. Paper-12629762. Intracisternal injection of NPY and PYY (0.1-0.5 microgram) did not influence the acid response to pentagastrin but blocked CRF-induced inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Paper-661268. In contrast, infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP) over the concentration range 0.25-1 nM for 30 min produced a dose-dependent secretion of PYY with a maximal response at 800% above basal. Paper-359349. A notable increase (p < 0.05) in the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha was observed with TNF-alpha treatment; production was reduced with PYY. Paper-11829088. Short-term signal hormones including Cholecystokinin ( CCK), Ghrelin, Peptide YY (PYY(3-36)) and Glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1) control meal size via pathways converging on the hypothalamus. Paper-10981205. Recent evidence suggests that gut released peptides, such as ghrelin and peptide YY ( PYY) regulate the initiation and termination of meals and could play a role in the altered eating behaviour of sick patients. Paper-12242262. Among 101 subjects with severe early-onset obesity and a history of hyperphagia, we found two rare sequence variants-L73P and IVS2 + 32delG-in PYY and three rare missense mutations-L40F, F87I, and A172T-in Y2R. Paper-10538042. Islets of most, but not all, species examined, displayed IAPP in insulin cells and, in some species, also in somatostatin- and peptide YY (PYY)-containing cells. Paper-1306543. The EGF receptor expression was reduced by 30% in cells treated with PYY/5-FU/ leucovorin and by 45% in cells treated with BIM/5-FU/ leucovorin as compared with control cells without treatment. Paper-466226. The pancreatic polypeptide family includes neuropeptide Y ( NPY), one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the mammalian nervous system, as well as peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP). Paper-417687. Before and at hourly intervals during these studies serum was taken for estimations of neurotensin ( NT), pancreatic glucagon (PG), peptide YY ( PYY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP). Paper-12093769. Apical addition of PP (1 microM) and Som (100 nM) had no effect upon basal SCC while apical VIP (10 nM) responses were 18%, and apical PYY (100 nM) were 27% the size of respective basolateral controls (100%). Paper-507003. Hormonal peptides of the ileal wall, i.e. peptide YY ( PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), and neurotensin ( NT), are thought to play a role in this negative feedback mechanism. Paper-1552775. These hormones, together with peptide YY ( PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) have been implicated in the reduction of upper gastrointestinal motility seen after infusion of nutrients into the ileum. Paper-1072414. However, when tissue neural transmission was blocked with tetrodotoxin, neither PYY nor its receptor subtype-selective analogs were able to inhibit VIP-stimulated increases in Isc. Paper-1060161. Dynorphin A and LHRH inhibited the binding of NPY/ PYY to SK-N-MC cell membranes at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, whereas dynorphin A and CRF were effective in SMS-MSN cells. Paper-138338. The rank order of affinity of NPY and related peptides to compete for 125I- NPY binding sites was peptides YY ( PYY) > NPY = [Leu31,Pro34]NPY > 13-36NPY >> pancreatic polypeptide ( PP). Paper-1383338. RESULTS: In lean individuals, atropine led to a decrease in ghrelin concentrations comparable and nonadditive with breakfast ingestion and a significant decrease in both basal and meal- induced PYY concentrations. Paper-12921076. Motor excitation by PYY, an abundant neuropeptide in this tissue, was reduced by blockade of muscarinic or nicotinic receptors, or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, despite continued inhibition of VIP output. Paper-7882765. Peripheral venous plasma concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), substance P ( SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), and peptide YY ( PYY) were measured pre- and postprandially. Paper-846457. These results indicate that PYY acts in brain stem nuclei involved in the vagal regulation of GAS and that PYY action in the DMN is potentiated by TRH or 5-HT2 receptor agonist acting at this site. Paper-287570. CHO K1 cells stably expressing either NPY Y1 or Y2 receptors were shown to specifically bind radiolabelled Peptide YY ( PYY), and MAPK activity in these cells was assessed using a peptide kinase assay. Paper-1683767. While gastrin and met-enkephalin induced a sustained elevation of the submucosal histamine concentration, endothelin, PYY, PACAP, VIP, and noradrenaline/adrenaline induced a transient elevation. Paper-9142190. Additional measures were insulin and C-peptide, glycaemic control, intact and total peptide YY ( PYY) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP), and intact glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and GLP-1. Paper-15233222. PYY and NPY bound to both the PYY and NPY receptors with high affinities, but porcine and avian PPs did not. Paper-6852308. In contrast, taurocholate (20 mM) induced a sustained release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT, but the threshold concentration for peptide release was lower for NT than for PYY or GLP-1. Paper-1552775. To investigate whether peptide YY ( PYY) has a role in minimising fluid loss during diarrhoea, its effect on hypersecretion induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) was studied in seven subjects with ileostomies. Paper-6823061. RESULTS: Intestinal resection resulted in an early increase in portal plasma concentrations of PYY, EGF, enteroglucagon, and mucosal IGF-II and EGF content that were significant in glutamine-treated animals. Paper-8349773. At equimolar concentrations (100 nM), the homologous neuropeptide peptide YY ( PYY) mimicked the effects of NPY, whereas pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) and the C-terminal fragment of NPY did not modify [3H]NE release. Paper-13843. Eating rate has recently been shown to influence energy intake and appetite during an ad libitum meal, and alter postprandial secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) and peptide-YY ( PYY) following a fixed-portion meal. Paper-15683848. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown for the first time that short-term exposure to TNF-alpha induces the binding activity of transcription factors IRF-1 and p53 in rat pancreatic acinar cells, and that addition of PYY reduces it. Paper-12294290. The differential labeling of the NPY/ PYY receptors on these cell lines suggests that the NPY/ PYY receptors are more heterogeneous than previously described as the Y1, Y2, and Y3 receptor subtypes. Paper-73570. 5. These results show that both PYY and NPY and the 3-36 forms of PYY and NPY are equipotent in blocking central CRF-induced inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Paper-661268. The same concentration of antagonist abolished responses to PYY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY but had no effect upon human pancreatic polypeptide ( hPP) in monolayer cultures of the human adenocarcinoma cell line, Colony-6. Paper-834259. Peptide-YY ( PYY) is secreted from endocrine L-cells of the gastrointestinal tract in response to caloric ingestion and may mediate postprandial satiety through the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y2 receptor ( Y2R). Paper-10538042. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) belong to a family of structurally related peptides which have numerous functions in both neural and endocrine signaling. Paper-778585. The affinities and relative potencies of PYY as well as NPY receptors for pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) family peptides were about the same in all species examined except for chickens. Paper-6852308. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunostaining of human duodenum, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose, insulin, PYY, glucagon like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), ghrelin, and leptin were the main outcome measures. Paper-11513020. Several fragments of PYY and NPY were used to characterize their structural requirement for inhibiting VIP-stimulated cAMP production and competing with [125I]PYY for binding to intestinal membranes. Paper-6458359. CONCLUSION: The hormonal peptide GIP and several transmitters of the nervous enteric system may mediate the release of PYY through the occupation of receptors possibly located at the surface of the colonic L-cells. Paper-359349. The SSTR-5 analog L-362855 suppressed PYY equivalent only to S-14, but the structurally related peptide L-372588 (Phe to Tyr at position 2) was equipotent to S-28, whereas L-372587 (Phe to Tyr at position 7) caused no inhibition. Paper-8596378. Although the human NPY gene has been mapped to chromosome 7, we demonstrate here that the genes for human PYY and PP ( PPY) are localized only 10 kb apart from each other on chromosome 17q21. Paper-262051. PYY inhibited the reduction in net absorption of sodium chloride and water evoked by vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), but did not affect the VIP-evoked increase in net potassium secretion. Paper-7404773. PYY (20.0 and 2.0 fmol) injected directly into DVCs of the animals produced significant inhibition of gastric motility that was stimulated by centrally applied thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH). Paper-404860. The effect of sepsis on the synthesis of endogenous and secretory proteins, including vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) and peptide YY ( PYY), was determined in enterocytes from jejunum of rats. Paper-8250669. We addressed whether Orlistat alters the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-1), cholecystokinin ( CCK), peptide YY ( PYY), and ghrelin as well as postprandial appetite sensations. Paper-13027116. In conclusion, in healthy humans, 1) the presence of fat in the small intestine suppresses ghrelin secretion, and 2) fat-induced suppression of ghrelin and stimulation of PYY and PP is dependent on fat digestion. Paper-11096141. PYY ablation had no apparent effect on NPY innervation and PYY-positive cells were observed at the same frequency in NPY(-/-) (56.7+/-6.8 cells/section) and WT (55.0+/-4.6 cells/section) colons. Paper-12976152. In contrast, PYY (10(-6) M) and taurocholate (10(-6) M) did not affect DBI stimulated CCK levels, indicating that they act through different mechanisms to inhibit feedback-stimulated CCK release. Paper-1604583. The gastrointestinal tract contributes with several peptides that influence food intake, such as ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), peptide YY ( PYY), oxyntomodulin (OXM), and cholecystokinin ( CCK). Paper-15104317. These findings suggest ghrelin and PYY may regulate appetite during and after exercise, but further research is required to establish whether exercise-induced changes in ghrelin and PYY influence subsequent food intake. Paper-13559141. This could explain at least in part why cell lines show a relative specificity for Y1/Y2 classification, observed as the inhibition by both C-terminal fragments and Y1-specific analogs on the NPY/ PYY binding to membrane receptors. Paper-73570. The pancreatic polypeptide ( PP-fold) family of peptides consists of the endocrine peptides, pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) and peptide YY ( PYY), and the neuroneally derived peptide, neuropeptide Y ( NPY). Paper-1405294. 2. The VIP-induced increase in basal short-circuit current (SCC) was attenuated by basolateral application of Som, PYY or NPY, and also by the Y1-receptor agonist [Leu31,Pro34]NPY, as well as pancreatic polypeptide ( PP). Paper-507003. Gut hormones are key mediators of this information, including: peptide YY ( PYY), pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), ghrelin, amylin and cholecystokinin ( CCK). Paper-13953838. Gut peptides (glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), ghrelin, and peptide YY ( PYY)) have been related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, weight control, and adipose tissue metabolism. Paper-15070223. Not surprisingly, PYY and PP are believed to play an important role in the function of the gastrointestinal tract while NPY is a potent vasconstrictor and may have effects on the gut through the enteric nervous system. Paper-1405294. There was a negative correlation between fasting ghrelin (but not PYY or GIP) and BMI and insulin (r2= 0.33) and a positive correlation between the decrease in hunger 15 min after the meal and PYY concentrations at 15 min (r2= 0.20). Paper-10991982. These results indicate that PACAP- induced release of PYY is cholinergic dependent and that beta-adrenergic tone and ganglionic transmission do not participate in PACAP- induced release of PYY. Paper-7846513. METHODS: Levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH), gastrin, motilin, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), and peptide YY ( PYY) were determined by radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC). Paper-89649. The present study was conducted to comparatively assess the secretion of PYY, GLP-1, and NT upon luminal infusion of a variety of individual luminal factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat ileum preparation. Paper-1552775. IAPP, which is constitutively expressed in beta- and delta-cells in the adult rat, was found to occur in the assumed pluripotent islet progenitor cell, together with PYY, glucagon, and to a lesser extent with insulin. Paper-1725160. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated expression also in human cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, supporting the view that the Y1 receptor is associated with NPY/ PYY-evoked vasoconstriction. Paper-7355340. The balance and interaction between anorexigenic ( CCK, PYY, OXM) and orexigenic ( ghrelin and OX) factors originating from GIT appears to play an important role in short-term regulation of food intake and growth hormone ( GH) release. Paper-10548113. In contrast, substance P evoked a modest release of TFF3, whereas calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), somatostatin, neurotensin or peptide YY ( PYY) did not modify TFF3 secretion. Paper-8897917. Pretreatment with the CCK-A receptor antagonist MK-329 completely reversed the inhibition of gastric acid by fat, suppressed rises of plasma GLP-1 (maximum change, 23 +/- 4 fmol/ml), and reduced plasma PYY responses to baseline. Paper-1267505. There were no treatment group effects on GE or volumes, gut hormones ( ghrelin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), peptide YY ( PYY)), satiation, total and macronutrient calorie intake at a free choice meal. Paper-14624524. Although none of these were found in 100 normal-weight white control subjects, L73P in PYY and F87I and A172T in Y2R did not segregate with obesity in family studies, and family data were unavailable for IVS2 + 32delG in PYY and L40F in Y2R. Paper-10538042. The pretreatment of NPY (18-36), an antagonist for NPY Y(3) receptor, markedly attenuated the stimulation of ANP release by PP but did not affect the suppression of ANP release by PYY. Paper-13543033. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (5 x 10(-8) M) induced a dramatic rise in PYY, GLP-1, and NT immunoreactivities in the portal effluent (peaks at 600%, 500%, and 550% of the basal values, respectively, 4 mi n after the start of infusion). Paper-386499. In partial regression analysis adjusted for change in weight status, changes of DPP-IV correlated significantly to changes of PYY ( r = -0.43), PP ( r = -0.49), QUICKI ( r = -0.53), and insulin ( r = 0.57). Paper-15086400. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, suppresses food intake and gastric emptying with the elevation of plasma peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 in a dietary fat-dependent manner. Paper-15693167. L-type VDCCs play a role in PACAP but not gastrin stimulation of histamine release from ECL cells, and the channel opening is inhibited by somatostatin, PYY, and galanin by interaction with a G(i) or G(o) protein. Paper-2063567. Cross-linking studies demonstrate that the Y1 and Y2 receptors for NPY/ PYY are structurally different (mol wt, 70 and 50 kilodaltons, respectively) and that the 70- and 50-kilodalton receptor proteins are coexpressed in certain tumor cell lines. Paper-73570. Neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) are structurally related but functionally diverse peptides, encoded by separate genes and expressed in different tissues. Paper-262051. The purpose of these studies therefore was to examine the effects of IGF-I and TGF-alpha on stomach gastrin and intestinal NT and PYY gene expression [i.e. messenger RNA (mRNA), peptide levels] and secretion. Paper-1965354. Although NPY-binding sites were observed in most of the tumor cells, PYY-binding sites were found only on the human neuroblastoma cell lines SMS-MSN, SMS-KAN, SK-N-MC, and MC-IXC and the human Ewing's sarcoma cell line SK-ES. Paper-73570. 7. Following a13-h overnight fast, blood was drawn (-15, 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 min) for measurement of total plasma concentrations of ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1, pre and post ingestion of a nutritionally complete liquid meal (1256 kJ) at 9 am (0-5 min). Paper-12839032. We showed here that PYY and NPY inhibited vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated cAMP production in epithelial cells isolated from rat small intestine and examined their structure-activity relationship. Paper-6458359. The gut hormone peptide-YY ( PYY) has anorexic effects via the inhibitory neuropeptide Y2 receptor ( Y2R) highly expressed in orexigenic NPY/AGRP neurons within the arcuate nucleus, a major integrator of appetite control in the hypothalamus. Paper-10847768. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intravenous administration of terbutaline on plasma levels of peptide YY ( PYY) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP), both of which are known to inhibit gastric acid secretion. Paper-6793711. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of CRH, motilin, NPY, and PYY were significantly increased among SSc patients compared with healthy control subjects, and HPLC-characterization of motilin, NPY, and PYY showed a different pattern of fragments. Paper-89649. Plasma levels of CCK (by approximately 53%), PYY (by approximately 40%), and GLP-1 (by approximately 20%) were significantly lowered by Orlistat ( P < 0.001), whereas ghrelin levels were unaffected by Orlistat treatment ( P = 0.18). Paper-13027116. Moreover, the hFB22 transfected cells, when compared to control transfected cells, did not display de novo NPY- or PYY-induced second messenger responses, i.e., (1) inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation or (2) 45Ca2+ influx. Paper-7622879. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated: 1) ghrelin suppression/ PYY elevation in response to an oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT) in AA vs. AW, and 2) the relationship of ghrelin and PYY dynamics to insulin sensitivity. Paper-12081097. Here we review our studies on the embryonic islet expression of islet amyloid polypeptide ( IAPP) and the PP-fold peptides pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), peptide YY ( PYY) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY). Paper-1725160. In our initial approach to this problem, we studied the effects of NPY, PYY, Y1 and Y2 agonists microinjected into the DVC on gastric motility in the stimulated (by central thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH) and basal conditions. Paper-1105188. We genotyped a set of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) that capture the most common variation in NPY, PPY, PYY, NPY1R, NPY2R, and NPY5R in 2,800 individuals of recent European ancestry drawn from the near extremes of BMI distribution. Paper-13212332. However, if the analysis was restricted to men (n = 167, 100 obese and 67 lean), the PYY variants and two SNPs in Y2R that were in complete linkage disequilibrium were significantly associated with severe obesity ( P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Paper-10793188. With radioimmunoassay, the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), substance P, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) were analysed in biopsies from the descending colon and ascending colon obtained during colonoscopy. Paper-9788597. Choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), substance P, peptide YY ( PYY), and motilin were measured in tissue specimens divided into mucosal-submucosal (MS) and muscularis externa (ME) layers. Paper-330910. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-9054361. We focus on ghrelin and the incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide YY as the most likely candidates for increasing insulin sensitivity after these operations, even before substantial weight loss has occurred. Paper-12333954. The rank order of potency for NPY-receptor agonist- induced increases in tension in endothelium-intact preparations was polypeptide Y ( PYY)> NPY > or = [Leu31Pro34]NPY, while NPY(13-36) only induced small contractions at the highest concentration applied. Paper-1683760. Associations between obesity-related phenotypes and four genes in these pathways - leptin ( LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), neuropeptide Y2 receptor ( NPY2R) and peptide YY ( PYY) were examined in CARDIA Study participants (aged 18-30 at recruitment in 1985-6). Paper-15367129. The three endogenous ligands NPY, peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) have similar affinities as in mammals, i.e. NPY and PYY have subnanomolar affinity for both receptors whereas chicken PP bound with nanomolar affinity to Y5 but not to Y1. Paper-9487016. During this mode of feeding the ileal brake is activated and pancreatic exocrine pancreatic secretion inhibited by the action of the released peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 hormones, in turn the inhibition of pancreatic secretion being the result of inhibition of trypsin secretion. Paper-12967265. The aim of this study was to determine the coefficient of dissociation (Kd) of three intestinal antisecretory peptides, peptide YY ( PYY), galanin ( GAL), and somatostatin-28 ( SRIF) by a functional approach. Paper-903151. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In 10 male patients the emptying of 50% glucose solution was determined scintigraphically and its relationship with plasma glucose, GLP-1, PYY, and GIP concentrations was studied before and 3 months after fundoplication. Paper-12404582. Using guanine nucleotides, pertussis toxin, and specific antisera against the COOH-terminals of the alpha-subunits of Gi1/2, Gi3, and G(o), the binding and biological response of the Y2 receptor ( Y2R) for peptide YY ( PYY) was probed in SMS-KAN neuroblastoma cells. Paper-153866. Peptide-YY and neuropeptide-Y inhibit vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in rat small intestine: structural requirements of peptides for interacting with peptide-YY-preferring receptors. Paper-6458359. However, other peptides capable of inhibiting gastric acid secretion in vivo, such as CCK, VIP, and PYY, were unable to induce any inhibition of the parietal cell response to db-cAMP or histamine in the isolated gastric gland preparation irrespective of the species studied. Paper-27992. Intravenous infusion of three different doses of PYY (100, 200, or 400 pmol/kg.h) caused a significant inhibition of insulin release stimulated by GIP + glucose; the integrated insulin response was reduced to 105, 88, and 79 ng-60 min/ml, respectively. Paper-6435552. Several peptides synthesised in the gastrointestinal tract which affect food intake have been identified including ghrelin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide ( GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP). Paper-11580822. Satiety signals, including cholecystokinin ( CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) and peptide YY ( PYY), originate from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during a meal and, through the vagus nerve, reach the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the caudal brainstem. Paper-14287989. However, upon expression in COS1 (confirmed by Northern analysis), COS7 or CHO-K1 cells, the hFB22 receptor did not confer specific 125I-Bolton-Hunter- NPY, 3H-propionyl- NPY or 125I- peptide YY ( PYY) binding sites, in either intact cells or in membrane preparations. Paper-7622879. Concentrations of galanin, delta-sleep-inducing peptide ( DSIP), corticotropin-releasing factor ( CRF), arginine vasopressin ( AVP), neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) were determined in the hypothalamus and grey matter from the temporal cortex. Paper-7191856. In the gut, expression of IAPP varied among species; when present, IAPP was most abundant in the proximal part and co-localized with somatostatin, PYY, gastrin/ cholecystokinin, enteroglucagon or serotonin. Paper-1306543. Fullness, measured by the Satiety Labeled Intensity Magnitude (SLIM) scale, serum insulin, glucose, leptin, pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), PYY, GLP-1, neuropeptide-Y, and plasma cholecystokinin ( CCK) were measured for 3h following the fixed-portion meal. Paper-15683848. We postulated that, in humans, the modulation of antropyloroduodenal pressure waves, plasma cholecystokinin ( CCK) and peptide YY ( PYY) concentrations and energy intake by intraduodenal lauric acid, a fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms ('C12') would be load, but not concentration, dependent. Paper-13272217. Specific Y1 receptor binding sites, localized on the smooth muscle of human pial vessels and potently competed by NPY, polypeptide YY ( PYY), and the selective Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226, were identified by quantitative radioautography of the Y1 radioligand [125I]-[Leu31, Pro34]-PYY. Paper-1758718. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that PYY and GLP-1 are colocalized and cosecreted from L cells and that total secretion of PYY is higher in females than in males, but fasting PYY levels and PYY secretion in response to oral glucose were not in any way correlated with BMI. Paper-11513020. Glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, active ghrelin, total peptide YY ( PYY), adiponectin, and resistin concentrations were measured. Paper-13878563. Infusions of PYY into the brachial artery at 5 pmol/min decreased local vasodilation induced by VIP infused at 2 pmol/min at the same site by 40% ( P < 0.01), even though this dose of PYY had no significant effect on local blood flow when given alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Paper-7495840. 1. Confluent epithelial layers of a human adenocarcinoma cell line called Colony-6 have been shown to respond to nanomolar concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP), peptide YY ( PYY), neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and somatostatin ( Som). Paper-507003. RESULTS: Except for the concentrations of CRH, which were increased 2-fold, the tissue concentration of motilin, NPY and PYY were decreased by approximately 50% among patients with esophageal and intestinal dysfunction (group B) compared to patients with impaired esophageal motility alone (group A). Paper-1404290. The peptides, gastrin releasing peptide ( GRP), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP), peptide YY ( PYY), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) and somatostatin ( SOM), were quantitated in lung tissue extracts and plasma using radioimmunoassay. Paper-6099218. This study determined whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide and peptide YY ( PYY), colocalized in L cells found in the ileum, mediate intraduodenal fat-induced inhibition of stimulated gastric acid, and evaluated the influence of cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor activation. Paper-1267505. Hormones such as Cholecystokinin ( CCK), Gastrin Releasing Peptides (GRP), Glucagon-Like Peptide I (GLP-1) Enterostatin, Amylin, Peptide YY ( PYY) and Ghrelin are released prior to, during and/or after a meal, controlling intake and subjective feelings of appetite (hunger and satiety). Paper-10297155. The TJM peptide was tested in the in vitro tissue model for potential to enhance permeation of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) drug, namely the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, as well as three peptides, salmon calcitonin, parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH(1-34)), and peptide YY 3-36 (PYY(3-36)). Paper-11830097. The levels and location of gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), neurotensin, peptide YY ( PYY), pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), glucagon, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) and somatostatin ( SRIF) were investigated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. Paper-6814256. This suggests that the combination of increased PYY levels and elevated levels of DPP-IV observed after bariatric operations may generate increased circulating levels of PYY(3-36), leading to hypothalamic-mediated suppression of appetite and promotion of weight loss through Y2 receptor mediated mechanisms. Paper-12119367. At the end of study, body fat, food intake, plasma peptide YY ( PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), and hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin ( POMC), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP) gene expressions were measured. Paper-13555301. Moreover, the antagonist 1) considerably reversed the PYY-induced reduction of short-circuit current in rat jejunum mucosa in Ussing chamber and 2) completely abolished the antisecretory action of PYY on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced fluid secretion in rat jejunum in vivo. Paper-8991464. PACAP- stimulated release of PYY was inhibited significantly by atropine, whereas ganglionic or beta-adrenergic blockade with hexamethonium and propranolol treatment, respectively, did not affect PACAP- induced release of PYY significantly ( P > 0.05). Paper-7846513. This cross-sectional study analyzed serum ghrelin, peptide YY ( PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), menstrual status (by E1G and PdG), resting energy expenditure (REE), and subclinical eating behaviours in sedentary ovulatory (SedOv), exercising ovulatory (ExOv), and exercising amenorrheic (ExAmen) women. Paper-13490407. Sixteen hours after CLP or sham operation, portal and systemic blood was drawn, and plasma levels of gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), secretin, peptide YY ( PYY), gastrin-releasing peptide ( GRP), and substance P were determined by radioimmunoassay. Paper-50624. Baseline plasma CCK (8.5 +/- 1.0 versus 6.1 +/- 0.4 pmol/L; P = 0.045) and PYY (22.8 +/- 2.2 versus 15.6 +/- 1.3 pmol/L; P = 0.03) concentrations were higher in patients with delayed GE and were inversely correlated with GEC ( CCK: r = -0.33, P = 0.04, and PYY: r = -0.36, P = 0.02). Paper-13453892. As development proceeds, the insulin/ IAPP phenotype is segregated from that of PYY/glucagon; with the formation of islet-like structures, insulin/ IAPP-expressing cells primarily occupy their central portions, while PYY/glucagon-expressing cells are found in their periphery. Paper-1725160. The neuroendocrine peptides investigated were: secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP), gastrin, motilin, peptide YY ( PYY), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( VIP), substance P, neuropeptide Y ( NPY), galanin and neurotensin. Paper-1726399. Peptide YY ( PYY) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY), infused into the quiescent isolated perfused canine ileum, dose-dependently increased phasic activity of the circular muscle and decreased tonic output of immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) in the venous effluent. Paper-7882765. These were somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide ( PP)-, peptide YY ( PYY)-, neuropeptide Y ( NPY)-, vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP)-, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)-, neurotensin-, cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin C-terminus, substance P-, galanin- and serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibres. Paper-642262. GAS induced by PYY into the DMN was potentiated by coinjection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH, 30 ng) or the serotonin receptor (5-HT2) agonist (+/-)-1-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-pyrrolo(1,2-a)quinoxaline (357 ng) and by microinjection of kainic acid (1 ng) into the raphe pallidus. Paper-287570. METHODS: A total of 55 pregnant nonobese, nondiabetic Caucasian women were examined during the three trimesters of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements, evaluation of fasting maternal plasma GLP1 (active), ghrelin (active), total PYY, total GIP, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were done in them. Paper-15070223. We previously reported that intracisternal (i.c.) injection of peptide YY ( PYY) and low doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH) or TRH analog, RX 77368, increased the resistance of the gastric mucosa to ethanol injury through vagal pathways in rats. Paper-8391802. Four peptides were examined; peptide YY ( PYY) and cholecystokinin ( CCK), which are contained in brain stem reticulospinal neurons, and calcitonin-gene-related peptide ( CGRP) and neuropeptide Y ( NPY), which are contained in primary afferents and sensory interneurons, respectively. Paper-8502351. The purpose of these experiments was to examine the effects of the recently discovered gastrointestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide ( PACAP), and two structurally related peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and secretin, on release of peptide YY ( PYY) in conscious dogs. Paper-7846513. OBJECTIVE: The gastrointestinal peptides neuropeptide Y ( NPY), peptide YY ( PYY), pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), substance P (SP), cholecystokinin ( CCK) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP) are released into the portal vein mainly during the absorptive phase. Paper-8459809. Both peptides, released from L-cells from the gastrointestinal tract by the local action of digested food, exert various regulatory functions: stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion as typical actions of GLP-1, inhibition of gastric emptying, and inhibition of appetite for both GLP-1 and PYY. Paper-12294880. These alterations include a state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, a nutritionally acquired resistance to growth hormone ( GH) with low IGF-1 levels, relative hypercortisolemia, low total T3 despite normal TSH, low levels of leptin and insulin, and elevated levels of ghrelin, peptide YY ( PYY) and possibly adiponectin. Paper-14195566. Highly purified neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) did not cross-react in our human pancreatic polypeptide ( hPP) radioimmunoassay, nor did 125I-labelled NPY and PYY, even with anti- hPP serum at low dilution (1:1000). Paper-5076741. We aimed to evaluate the immunocytochemical staining of peptide YY ( PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) immunoreactive cells, and detect if alteration of these cells relates to an increase in enterochromaffin cells (EC) demonstrated by chromogranin A ( CgA), in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic inertia. Paper-11617525. The microdialysis experiments revealed that ECL-cell histamine can be mobilized by the local infusion of gastrin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide ( PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), peptide YY ( PYY), met-enkephalin, endothelin and noradrenaline/adrenaline. Paper-9142190. Epidermal growth factor ( EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha, insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), peptide YY ( PYY), and enteroglucagon were analyzed in mucosa from the proximal jejunum, distal ileum as well as in portal plasma when the animals were euthanized 72 h after surgery. Paper-8349773. Gastric acid secretion (59+/-7 micromol/90 min) stimulated by intracisternal injection of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH) analog RX-77368 (14 pmol/rat) was dose-dependently inhibited by 52%, 69%, and 83% by intravenous infusion of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 nmol. kg(-1) x h(-1) PYY, respectively. Paper-8440034. METHODS: Levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone ( CRH), motilin, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) were determined by radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC), and the occurrence of motilin, PYY, somatostatin, and NPY were studied with immunohistochemistry. Paper-1404290. These results indicate that the interaction of dynorphin A with Y1 and Y2 receptors is not mediated by changes in receptor-G protein interaction, receptor phosphorylation, and allosteric binding to NPY/ PYY receptors but that dynorphin A binds to NPY/ PYY receptors at high concentrations, probably in an antagonistic manner. Paper-138338. Anthropometric and metabolic variables (blood glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, TAG and leptin), together with markers of appetite regulation ( cholecystokinin ( CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), ghrelin, peptide YY ( PYY) and PYY3-36) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. Paper-14582445. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( TRH) receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide pretreatment (intracisternally, 48 and 24 h before intracisternal PYY) did not influence the gastroprotective effect of intracisternal PYY (47 pmol) but abolished that of intracisternal TRH analog RX-77368 (4 pmol). Paper-8333172. The modulation of neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and peptide YY ( PYY) receptors by dynorphin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), corticotropin-releasing factor ( CRF), and cholecystokinin octapeptide has been studied in human neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and SMS-MSN, which express Y1 and Y2 receptors for NPY/ PYY. Paper-138338. When expressed in COS1 cells, hY1-5 conferred specific 125I- PYY binding sites with displacement patterns characteristic of the Y1 receptor, i.e. PYY greater than or equal to NPY greater than or equal to [Leu31,Pro34]NPY much greater than NPY2-36 greater than C2NPY greater than pancreatic polypeptide greater than NPY13-36 greater than NPY18-36. Paper-7355340. To determine whether peptide YY ( PYY), ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP), and satiety responses to food intake are impaired in anorexia or obesity, we studied 30 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa [ body mass index (BMI) 16.3 kg/m2], obesity (BMI 34.3 kg/m2), or normal weight (BMI 20.2 kg/m2). Paper-10991982. In the last 10 years, discoveries of new hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, together with greater understanding of previously described hormones such as cholecystokinin ( CCK), pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), peptide YY ( PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1), have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of the regulation of energy balance. Paper-11814494. We will examine the involvement of the central melanocortin system in the incorporation of information from the adipostatic hormone leptin and acute hunger and satiety factors such as peptide YY (PYY(3-36)) and ghrelin via a neuronal network involving POMC/cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)/AgRP neurons. Paper-10396123. Interestingly, similarly to various sigma agonists, NPY, peptide YY ( PYY) and the Y1 agonist [Leu31Pro34]NPY (but not NPY[13-36], a purported Y2 agonist), as well as hCGRPalpha and the purported CGRP2 agonist [Cys(ACM)2-7]hCGRPalpha (but not CGRP[8-37], a CGRP1 receptor antagonist), significantly attenuated learning impairments induced by MK-801. Paper-1290045. BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the relationship between gastric emptying of glucose solution and the ensuing plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1), peptide YY ( PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP) in patients having undergone fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux ( GERD). Paper-12404582. Intravenous infusions of 50 pmol/kg x h GLP-1 or PYY, which reproduced plasma elevations after intraduodenal fat, inhibited gastric acid secretion by 66 +/- 5% and 51 +/- 6%, respectively (both P < 0.01); coinfusions of GLP-1 and PYY abolished gastric acid secretion ( P < 0.001) without influencing plasma gastrin or somatostatin. Paper-1267505. The expression and structure of the receptors for neuropeptide-Y ( NPY) and peptide-YY ( PYY) were studied in 16 human and rodent tumor cell lines derived from the neural crest by ligand binding and cross- linking techniques using [125I]Bolton-Hunter- NPY, [125I]PYY, and various forms of monoiodinated NPY and PYY. Paper-73570. The postprandial increase in plasma motilin ( P < 0.05) and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1) ( P < 0.001) was significantly less pronounced in MD compared with controls, whereas the plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin ( CCK), neurotensin ( NT), peptide YY ( PYY) and somatostatin ( SOM) did not differ significantly. Paper-9032723. The endocrine cell populations were identified immunocytochemically using antisera against 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), COOH-terminal octapeptide of gastrin/ CCK, neurotensin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP), secretin, glucagon/glicentin (GLU/GLI) and polypeptide YY ( PYY). Paper-2035389. We have evaluated the effects of fatty acid chain length on ghrelin, peptide YY ( PYY), glucagon-like peptide-2 ( GLP-2) and pancreatic polypeptide ( PP) secretion and hypothesized that intraduodenal administration of dodecanoic ("C12"), but not decanoic ("C10"), acid would decrease plasma ghrelin and increase PYY, GLP-2 and PP concentrations. Paper-12126834. The tissue specimens were processed for immunocytochemical demonstration of cells/nerves containing: gastrin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), motilin, somatostatin, serotonin, glicentine, peptide YY ( PYY), neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), substance P, neuropeptide Y ( NPY) and galanin. Paper-9954794. 125I- PYY binding to transiently expressed Y4 receptors was saturable (pKd = 9.89) and displaceable by human PP family derivatives: PP (pKi = 10.25) approximately PP2-36 (pKi = 10.06) > PYY (pKi = 9.06) approximately [Leu31,Pro34]NPY (pKi = 8.95) > NPY (pKi = 8.68) > PP13-36 (pKi = 7.13) > PP31-36 (pKi = 6.46) > PP31-36 free acid (pKi < 5). Paper-417688. IGF-I and TGF-alpha did not increase intestinal chromogranin A ( CGA) gene expression, a marker of endocrine cells, or the density of PYY-containing cells in the colon, indicating that the elevations in intestinal gut peptide gene expression by IGF-I and TGF-alpha are not due simply to an increased number of enteroendocrine cells. Paper-1965354. METHODS: Isolated rat liver, single-pass-perfused via both the hepatic artery (120 cm H2O, 30% flow) and the portal vein (20 cm H2O, 70% flow) with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 5 mM glucose, 2 mM lactate and 0.2 mM pyruvate, NPY (5 nM), PYY (5 nM), PP (5 nM), SP (100 nM), CCK (100 nM) and GIP (10 nM) was infused for 10 min via either vessel. Paper-8459809. Immunostaining was obtained with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide ( PP), peptide YY ( PYY), neuropeptide Y ( NPY), gastrin, cholecystokinin ( CCK), substance P ( SP), atrial natriuretic peptide ( ANP), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (SGnRH), mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (MGnRH), chromogranin A ( CGA) and FMRFamide. Paper-7586870. Proliferation of the gastrointestinal mucosa is stimulated by the growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-alpha ( TGF-alpha), or the closely related epidermal growth factor ( EGF), as well as the gastrointestinal hormones, gastrin, neurotensin ( NT), and peptide YY ( PYY). Paper-1965354. These synonyms are used for gene PYY (peptide YY): PYY-I, PYY1, Peptide YY, Peptide tyrosine tyrosine. These accession numbers are used for gene PYY: Q6FGH8 (UNIPROT__AC), Q5U5Q6 (UNIPROT__AC), BAA03000 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), BAA02998 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC). PYY is a homologue of pyya (peptide YYa) from Danio rerio. PYY is a homologue of PYY (peptide YY) from Pan troglodytes. PYY is a homologue of PYY (peptide YY) from Canis lupus familiaris. PYY is a homologue of Pyy (peptide YY) from Mus musculus. PYY is a homologue of Pyy (peptide YY (mapped)) from Rattus norvegicus. PYY is a homologue of LOC793458 (peptide Y-like) from Danio rerio. Important links ! iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins . Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.