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Only PTH activates the PTH2 receptor. Paper-1353024.
We found that daily hPTH injections increased bFGF levels. Paper-11074426.
Most cells stained negative for PTH, CT, TG, and TTF-1. Paper-15731381.
CONCLUSION: PTH mRNA is a target for the endonuclease PMR1. Paper-14552305.
PTH induced a decrease in OPG secretion and mRNA expression. Paper-13560414.
PKA inhibition with H89 blocked PTH- and FSK- induced NOR-1 mRNA. Paper-9755244.
PTH also potently suppressed OPG mRNA in these cells. Paper-9281976.
PTH (1-34), PTHrP (1-34), and (Bu)(2)cAMP also suppressed Ihh expression. Paper-8775669.
In both cell types, furin was the most effective in processing proPTH to PTH. Paper-207444.
PTH had no significant effect on cytoplasmatic VEGF protein expression. Paper-14480819.
In contrast, OPG was mildly suppressed beginning 6 months after hPTH therapy. Paper-10336249.
Cycloheximide pretreatment did not inhibit PTH- induced NOR-1 mRNA. Paper-9755244.
PTH and IL21R both have potential biologic functions important to bone metabolism. Paper-14091076.
PMA pretreatment to deplete PKC inhibited PMA-induced, but not PTH-induced, NOR-1 mRNA. Paper-9755244.
Thus, both alpha- Klotho and FGFR may play roles in PTH synthesis and/or secretion. Paper-14766971.
We conclude that PTH genotypes may influence secondary HPT in HD patients. Paper-9475338.
The pathways by which PTH may have an effect on VEGF expression were also evaluated. Paper-14480819.
CT inhibited the stimulatory effect of PTH at both 2 and 24 h. Paper-5179503.
Moreover, PMR1 co-immunoprecipitates with PTH mRNA, the exosome and KSRP. Paper-14552305.
TNF-alpha had no effect on PTH secretion, and PTH and CaR mRNA expression. Paper-10174677.
Interleukin-6 is produced by bone and modulated by parathyroid hormone. Paper-6344564.
Here, we investigated the effect of PTH- induced cAMP signaling on TRPV5 activity. Paper-13909280.
Parathyroid hormone activates TRPV5 via PKA-dependent phosphorylation. Paper-13909280.
The osteotrophic mediators PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 and PDGF-BB had no effect on MCP-1 expression. Paper-7988629.
BMP-6 but not BMP-4 increased osteocalcin expression induced by PTH and vitamin D(3). Paper-10424983.
Parathyroid hormone induces the nuclear orphan receptor NOR-1 in osteoblasts. Paper-9755244.
Forskolin (PKA activator) and PMA (PKC activator) mimicked PTH- induced NOR-1 mRNA. Paper-9755244.
PTH stimulates the mRNA expressions of RAGE and IL-6 and the protein expression of RAGE. Paper-13171076.
NHERF1 also inhibited PTH-induced receptor internalization in MC4 osteoblast cells. Paper-12637257.
PTH inactivates the AKT survival pathway in the colonic cell line Caco-2. Paper-15252979.
In this study we compared dbcAMP and CT for their effects on bones pretreated with PTH. Paper-3897191.
Interleukin-6 induced suppression of bovine parathyroid hormone secretion. Paper-1993889.
ECL-cell HDC was activated by gastrin but not by CT and PTH. Paper-1842615.
Treatment with PTH significantly inhibited phosphorylated ERK1/2 between 5 and 60 min. Paper-13859263.
Intermittent administration of PTH stimulates bone growth and requires AC-stimulation. Paper-8340450.
Molecular recognition of parathyroid hormone by its G protein-coupled receptor. Paper-14303357.
PTH also regulates klotho expression in the kidney and thereby the phosphaturic action of FGF23. Paper-16151063.
Increased G(11)alpha protein resulted in increased stimulation of MMP-13 mRNA levels at all doses of PTH. Paper-10737018.
A novel mutation in the GATA3 gene of a Japanese patient with PTH-deficient hypoparathyroidism. Paper-13523163.
PTH stimulated the transactivation of activation domain-3 in Cbfa1 through the PKA site. Paper-2134447.
Our findings also suggest that CaSR signaling may act via both Gq and Gi to inhibit PTH secretion. Paper-12476242.
Small G proteins were shown to be involved in the effects of PTH, PDBu, and ionomycin on PLD. Paper-9946772.
Runx2 is also involved in the catabolic effect of PTH through the induction of Tnfsf11. Paper-12550934.
Moreover, TGF-beta did not affect the proliferation and PTH production of parathyroid cells from a Men1 patient. Paper-10378122.
The timing and duration of PTH treatment to achieve in vitro mineralization of ECM was evaluated. Paper-1996637.
In addition, in advanced experimental CKD, FGF23 has a decreased ability to inhibit PTH expression. Paper-15452849.
PTH (1-34) and PTHrP (1-34) rapidly induce interleukin-6 ( IL-6) expression by osteoblasts. Paper-1840798.
On the other hand, the overall level of Cx43 protein increased in response to continuous PTH treatment. Paper-12940161.
MEPE levels were also significantly correlated with serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone ( PTH). Paper-10514124.
Consequently, reduced PTH release may contribute to the central hypocalcemic action of CT. Paper-5694700.
We investigated the mechanisms by which PTH inhibits ERK1/2 activity in osteoblastic UMR 106-01 cells. Paper-13859263.
NHERF1 regulates parathyroid hormone receptor membrane retention without affecting recycling. Paper-12637257.
Knock-down of either exosome components or KSRP by siRNAs prevents PMR1- mediated cleavage of PTH mRNA. Paper-14552305.
RESULTS: PTH mRNA is cleaved by the endoribonuclease polysomal ribonuclease 1 ( PMR1) in an ARE-dependent manner. Paper-14552305.
Ten nM PTH maximally induced NOR-1 mRNA at 2h in primary mouse osteoblasts and at 1h in mouse calvariae. Paper-9755244.
The PTH (10 nM)- induced increase in [Ca(2+)]i was diminished in KL(-/-) mice (58 +/- 5 vs 231 +/- 15 nM). Paper-12236320.
In patients with hyperparathyroidism the PTH2 receptor is down-regulated as function of plasma PTH levels. Paper-9900879.
Further, PTH-induced cAMP production was greatly enhanced by Dex treatment, whereas BMP-2 did not affect cAMP production. Paper-10469417.
PTH and DEX failed to significantly alter cell number or EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis or cell proliferation. Paper-66108.
This mechanism of regulation by PKC may contribute to the acute stimulation of TRPV5 and renal Ca(2+) reabsorption by PTH. Paper-14416799.
An increase in extracellular calcium enhances the level of acetylated APE1 which acts as a repressor for the PTH promoter. Paper-10067567.
Such an effect may protect against PTH resistance or PTH1R down-regulation in certain cells harboring NHERF1. Paper-12637257.
We conclude that PTH secretion in vitro can be suppressed by IL-6 at clinically relevant concentrations. Paper-1993889.
Activation-independent parathyroid hormone receptor internalization is regulated by NHERF1 ( EBP50). Paper-10162848.
The PMR1 mediated decrease in PTH mRNA levels involves the PTH mRNA 3'-UTR ARE, KSRP and the exosome. Paper-14552305.
We found that GCMB binds to the PTH gene 5'-promoter (-390/-383 bp) and positively regulates its transcription. Paper-15343823.
Renal handling of calcium and sodium in response to exogenous PTH was identical in patients with PsH (types I and II) and HP. Paper-108360.
Abnormalities in the IL-6 system have the potential to affect bone turnover and to modulate the effects of PTH. Paper-9304679.
Ro 318-220 did not affect PTH- induced MAPK inactivation but effectively blocked JNK dephosphorylation. Paper-10949965.
Mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition by parathyroid hormone in osteoblast-like cells. Paper-10949965.
Zinc finger protein 467 ( Zfp467) was rapidly down-regulated by PTH, OSM, and CT-1. Paper-15664998.
Parathyroid hormone induces hepatic production of bioactive interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor. Paper-8677668.
TGF-beta type II receptor phosphorylates PTH receptor to integrate bone remodelling signalling. Paper-14183895.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (107-139) stimulates interleukin-6 expression in human osteoblastic cells. Paper-1840798.
Antagonistic effects of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone on lipoprotein lipase in cultured adipocytes. Paper-2024918.
In summary, we established a novel cell line, SS-1 from SCLC, which produced PTHrP, PTH and N terminal POMC. Paper-15366465.
In this study we demonstrate that PTH or 8-bromo-cAMP rapidly induces ICER mRNA and protein in osteoblastic cells. Paper-9610119.
Cycloheximide did not block the effects of PTH on RANKL but did inhibit the suppression of OPG mRNA. Paper-9281976.
These findings provide strong support for a direct stimulatory action of PTH on human osteoclasts mediated by PTH1R. Paper-11212454.
PTH2 receptor- mediated inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone and TIP39 on cell proliferation. Paper-9885862.
The negative correlation between PTH and sclerostin suggests that SOST is downregulated by PTH in humans. Paper-15393965.
Serum sclerostin levels negatively correlate with parathyroid hormone levels and free estrogen index in postmenopausal women. Paper-14703640.
Transfection with siHAS2 showed that PTH (1-34), mainly through HAS2, enhanced HA and regulated MG-63 cell motility. Paper-15251605.
The EGF effect is nor primarily located at the PTH receptor, at cAMP phosphodiesterase, or at protein kinase A level. Paper-41635.
Interleukin-18 is regulated by parathyroid hormone and is required for its bone anabolic actions. Paper-14292145.
CONCLUSION: In renal osteodystrophy the OPG/OPGL system is involved in the regulation of bone turnover induced by PTH. Paper-9362832.
Finally, protein synthesis is required for TGF beta 2- induced desensitization of cAMP responsiveness to PTH. Paper-305236.
The studies support the role of PKC in the stimulatory effects of PTH, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta on IL-6 expression. Paper-8873890.
Recent studies also indicate that FGF23 may directly regulate the expression of parathyroid hormone ( PTH) in vitro. Paper-14312569.
Treatment with IL-1 alpha was more potent than PTH in inducing transcription of the IL-6 promoter (900-1,000%). Paper-1228631.
Defect in parathyroid-hormone- induced luminal calcium absorption in connecting tubules of Klotho mice. Paper-12236320.
These results suggest that the AP-2 element functions in the PTH induction of IGFBP-5 gene expression. Paper-11190792.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that serum sclerostin levels are regulated by both estrogens and PTH in postmenopausal women. Paper-14703640.
Distinct beta-arrestin- and G protein-dependent pathways for parathyroid hormone receptor- stimulated ERK1/2 activation. Paper-11807201.
Internalization determinants of the parathyroid hormone receptor differentially regulate beta-arrestin/receptor association. Paper-9157316.
AUF1 and Unr stabilize PTH mRNA while KSRP, recruiting the exoribonucleolytic complex exosome, promotes PTH mRNA decay. Paper-14552305.
Comparisons between the models with and without FGF23 demonstrate a complex interplay of FGF23 with calcitriol and PTH. Paper-14056823.
Specifically, PTH and PTHrP rapidly and transiently induce expression of the mRNAs encoding IL-6 and LIF. Paper-773461.
Parathyroid hormone induces interleukin-6 gene expression in bone stromal cells of young rats. Paper-9536038.
PMA pretreatment did not alter the ability of PTH or FSK to stimulate RANKL or inhibit OPG mRNA expression. Paper-9263330.
PTH treatment induces an association of AKT with the catalytic subunit of PP2A and increases its phosphatase activity. Paper-15252979.
Activity assays demonstrated that PTH (1-34) simultaneously inhibited MT1-MMP protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Paper-10649713.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) increased TRPV5 current density in cells coexpressing TRPV5 and type 1 PTH receptor. Paper-14416799.
CONCLUSIONS: Traditional therapy of XLH with phosphate and calcitriol elevates FGF23 and has the potential to stimulate PTH. Paper-12773945.
There were no significant differences in plasma PTH, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations between individuals with MS and control volunteers. Paper-13275663.
Multiple regression study showed that the negative influence of CT on BAO and PAO is more relevant than the positive influence of PTH. Paper-3102557.
Fibroblast growth factor-23 is associated with parathyroid hormone and renal function in a population-based cohort of elderly men. Paper-14312569.
The PTH/PTHrP receptor ( PTHR1) plays an essential role in skeletal development and mediates many other functions of PTH and PTHrP. Paper-9422743.
Serum levels of endogenous Epo and PTH were estimated by CLIA; IGF-1, Lep, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin were estimated by RIA. Paper-2099473.
The lower sensitivity of the thyrotropic system to TRH in patients with renal osteopathy is not dependent on serum PTH or calcium. Paper-483758.
Using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, IL-6 co-localized with PTH and with chromogranin-A in parathyroid cells. Paper-10245792.
However, PTH- stimulated IL-6 production and IL-1- and PTH- stimulated IL-11 production were not affected by 17 beta-E2. Paper-1094000.
Effect of endothelin receptor antagonist on parathyroid gland growth, PTH values and cell proliferation in azotemic rats. Paper-11315658.
Liposomal CT produced hypocalcemia and liposomal PTH produced hypercalcemia upon oral administration to rats. Paper-7110409.
Regulation of parathyroid hormone- stimulated phospholipase D in UMR-106 cells by calcium, MAP kinase, and small G proteins. Paper-9946772.
The aim of the present study was to investigate if parathyroid hormone ( PTH) had an inhibitory effect on LPL activity. Paper-170105.
CONCLUSION: Patients with PHPT have significantly lower serum sclerostin values compared with PTx controls with normal PTH concentrations. Paper-15393965.
Finally, we show that PTH induces the dissociation between 14-3-3 and AKT, but the significance of this response remains unknown. Paper-15252979.
Maximal doses of PTH, CT, VP, and GL resulted in comparable rises in cell cAMP, and there was no additive effect. Paper-3871522.
The importance of posttranslational modification of Cbfa1 in the signaling pathway for PTH-induced collagenase-3 promoter activity was analyzed. Paper-2134447.
In Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells transiently transfected with hPTH1R, PTH stimulated a robust increase in ERK activity. Paper-11807201.
The most important effect was on carbonic anhydrase II: CT showed a 2-fold increase and PTH showed a 50% decrease of carbonic anhydrase activity. Paper-4879797.
IL-6 and TNF-alpha had no acute effect on PTH secretion in extracellular Ca2+ concentrations of 0.5, 1.25 and 3.0 mM. Paper-1993889.
Interestingly, intermittent treatment with PTH enhanced the TCF-dependent transactivation more profoundly than continuous treatment. Paper-14310105.
2DG transport was enhanced already after 30 min of IGF I treatment whereas the effect of PTH became significant after 6 h. Paper-15606699.
The cAMP pathway also contributes to PTH- mediated AKT dephosphorylation while PKC and p38 MAPK do not participate in this event. Paper-15252979.
This study was performed to examine if PTH affects BMP-2 expression and to clarify its involvement of the mevalonate pathway. Paper-14138260.
Alanine substitution of threonine-709 abolished both in vitro phosphorylation and PTH- mediated stimulation of TRPV5. Paper-13909280.
Serum parathyroid hormone, but not menopausal status, is associated with the expression of osteoprotegerin and RANKL mRNA in human bone samples. Paper-8851364.
At 2.5 mM Ca, CT release was increased five- tenfold compared with 1 mM Ca while PTH was suppressed by approximately 80%. Paper-5211152.
A PTH/PTHrP receptor N terminus modified by deletion of the nonhomologous E2 domain transferred weak PTHrP interaction to the PTH2 receptor. Paper-1353024.
In both subexperiments, CT significantly inhibited the increase of blood Ca2+ concentration resulting from continuous PTH infusion. Paper-10713384.
FGFR3 down-regulates PTH/PTHrP receptor gene expression by mediating JAK/STAT signaling in chondrocytic cell line. Paper-15141943.
In the absence of PTH, the short-term effect of the immune interferon on osteoclast morphology was almost comparable to that of CT. Paper-6163377.
Female IL-18 null mice and wild-type littermate controls were injected with vehicle or 8 microg/100 g of human 1-38 PTH for 4 weeks. Paper-14292145.
Stimulation of RANKL and inhibition of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression by parathyroid hormone in normal human osteoblasts. Paper-10649713.
Paternal transmission of the disease-associated haplotype was associated with normal patterns of GNAS1 methylation and PTH responsiveness. Paper-9825464.
Parathyroid hormone regulates transforming growth factor beta1 and beta2 synthesis in osteoblasts via divergent signaling pathways. Paper-8465438.
PTH and PTHrP receptor ( PTH1R) belongs to GPCR class B and is the major regulator of extracellular calcium homeostasis. Paper-10266285.
As in the case of PTH and CT, the secretion of stanniocalcin ( STC) in fish is tightly regulated by the levels of extracellular Ca(2+). Paper-9380052.
Structural basis for parathyroid hormone-related protein binding to the parathyroid hormone receptor and design of conformation-selective peptides. Paper-14028615.
However, these inhibitors of second messenger dependent kinases had little effect on the later phase of PTH- stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Paper-11807201.
PTH and PTHrP receptor activation stimulates adenylyl cyclase ( AC), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D ( PLD) in target cells. Paper-8340450.
Previously we reported that PTH induces matrix metalloproteinase-13 ( MMP-13) transcription in osteoblastic cells. Paper-14675846.
CONCLUSIONS: Serum FGF23 and PTH are associated in vivo, supporting recent findings that FGF23 directly regulates PTH expression in vitro. Paper-14312569.
Butyrate response factor 1 is regulated by parathyroid hormone and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in osteoblastic cells. Paper-10627201.
Genetic variation in the PTH pathway and bone phenotypes in elderly women: evaluation of PTH, PTHLH, PTHR1 and PTHR2 genes. Paper-14377537.
Excessive FGF-23 exposure in the early post-transplant period appears to be more strongly associated with post-transplant hypophosphatemia than PTH. Paper-12258115.
We recently demonstrated that PTH induced a rapid and transient increase in interleukin-6 ( IL-6) mRNA expression in rat bones in vivo. Paper-1228631.
Serum PTH was negatively associated with the expression of OPG (r=-0.33, P=0.01), but also, surprisingly, with the expression of RANKL (r=-0.28, P=0.03). Paper-8851364.
Continuous exposure to PTH (1-38) both in vivo and in vitro upregulated the mRNA expression of LRP6 and FZD-1 and decreased LRP5 and Dkk-1. Paper-11251354.
Furthermore, genotyping five, one, one, two, and two polymorphisms of the VDR, PTH, CASR, INSR, and ADIPOQ genes, respectively, were performed. Paper-15841166.
Those, plus circulating levels of PTH and OPG, were subjected to association analysis, using transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) with ANKH gene. Paper-13012545.
In conclusion, serum OPG is not decreased in patients with PHPT, nor is serum OPG to any demonstrable extent regulated by PTH pre- or postoperatively. Paper-10131586.
BACKGROUND: The calcium sending receptor ( CaSR) allows parathyroid and kidney tubular cells to regulate PTH secretion and tubular calcium reabsorption. Paper-13904002.
Loss of ERalpha and/or AR results in increased osteoblast sensitivity to PTH and may explain actions of PTH noted in hypogonadal humans. Paper-11425895.
The in vivo physiological role of IL-18 in the anabolic actions of PTH on bone was then assessed using IL-18 knock-out mice. Paper-14292145.
PTH also inhibited Ig production from cell lines stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), interleukin 2 ( IL-2), and IL-6. Paper-7374532.
The findings also support a molecular model in which the 1-21 region of PTH binds to the extracellular face of the P1R J domain as an alpha-helix. Paper-10203341.
These data indicate that EGF receptors in UMR 106-01 cells are up-regulated by PTH and calcitriol and that this process can be modulated by retinoids. Paper-601021.
PTH induced a persistent inhibition of p42/44 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation starting at 10 min of incubation and lasting for at least 2 h. Paper-10949965.
Investigated was the role of MKPs in the PTH- induced attenuation of MAPK and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in osteoblast-like UMR106-01 cells. Paper-10949965.
In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies, we observed that PTH (1-34) induced RANKL messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. Paper-10649713.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the cause of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy and interacts with parathyroid hormone ( PTH) receptors. Paper-1238004.
The phenotype of NHERF1-null mice suggests that the parathyroid hormone ( PTH) receptor ( PTH1R) is the principal GPCR interacting with NHERF1. Paper-12637257.
Mean calcium-induced decreases of intact and bioPTH were indistinguishable from normal in FBH, but PTH levels generally remained elevated at 5 minutes in primary HPT. Paper-7103368.
These findings reveal that PTH2 receptor activation can inhibit cell proliferation and might explain the dual functionality of PTH on cell proliferation. Paper-9885862.
When bovine PTH-(1-84) was incubated with an excess amount of anti-bovine PTH antibody, the PTH- induced G6PD activity was completely abolished. Paper-5179512.
In conclusion, RANKL and OPG gene expression within the human bone microenvironment are influenced by PTH, as the ratio RANKL/ OPG decreased upon PTX. Paper-10469658.
IL-1beta and IL-6 but not TNF-alpha affected parathyroid function in vitro and may be important in influencing PTH secretion in the septic horse. Paper-10174677.
Vasodilator effects of parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human fetal-placental circulation. Paper-8099033.
The localization of IGFBP-5 in BECM and its release and proteolysis induced by PTH and PGE2 could play a role in the local regulation of bone metabolism. Paper-505482.
We examined the release of cAMP from rat bone in vivo after administration of synthetic rat PTH-(1-34) (rPTH), synthetic human PTH-(1-34) ( hPTH), or synthetic human CT ( hCT). Paper-5802614.
Forskolin together with this maximal dose of PTH resulted in an additive effect on ODC activity and a synergistic stimulation of cAMP production. Paper-6221627.
These results demonstrate that PTH directly stimulates RANKL expression via a PKA-CREB pathway and that CREB may be a central regulator of RANKL expression. Paper-9281976.
We show that the mRNA decay promoting K-homology splicing regulator protein ( KSRP) binds to PTH mRNA in intact parathyroid glands and in transfected cells. Paper-12954736.
These results indicate that GCMB and vitamin D receptor are involved in the positive and negative regulation of PTH gene expression, respectively. Paper-15343823.
These results indicate that the normal fetus responds to hypercalcemia in late intrauterine life by increasing CT secretion but not by suppressing PTH output. Paper-3584621.
Recently, PTH (1-34) has been shown to induce gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, by osteoblastic cells. Paper-8405184.
Treatment of cells with H-89, a PKA inhibitor, significantly reduced the ability of PTH and FSK to induce RANKL and inhibit OPG mRNA expression. Paper-9263330.
In contrast to RA, PTH (1-84) at 10(-7) M abolished the mRNA expression of Ihh and Ptc1 within 2-4 h, before it suppressed the expression of type X collagen at 12-24 h. Paper-8775669.
Parathyroid hormone upregulates BMP-2 mRNA expression through mevalonate kinase and Rho kinase inhibition in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Paper-14138260.
In contrast, staurosporine and calphostin C, inhibitors of PKC, suppressed IL-1-stimulated, but not PTH-stimulated, IL-6/ IL-11 production. Paper-1094000.
The parathyroid hormone receptor ( PTH1R) is a class B G protein- coupled receptor that is activated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP). Paper-15235019.
So far, it is unclear whether or not PTH could stimulate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( BMP-2), a strong mediator for bone formation. Paper-14138260.
Moreover, using specific stimulators or inhibitors of PKA and PKC activity, the PTH-elicited BRF1 mRNA expression is mediated through the PKA signaling pathway. Paper-10627201.
Treatment of PTH- stimulated cells by calphostin C (PKC inhibitor) induced a further decrease in OPG secretion, while Rp-cAMP (PKA inhibitor) had no additional effect. Paper-13560414.
However, PTH stimulated trafficking of these molecules for a chimeric PTH2R containing the N terminus and third extracellular loop of PTH receptor type 1 (PTH1R). Paper-10422451.
Similarly, transfer of the PTH/PTHrP receptor third extracellular loop preserved high-affinity PTH binding by the PTH2 receptor but decreased its activation. Paper-1353024.
Regulator of G protein signaling-2 ( RGS-2) gene expression was suppressed by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) dose-dependently, but PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA expression was not altered. Paper-10139921.
PTH- induced BMP-2 mRNA upregulation was selectively reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) pretreatment, but not by mevalonate pretreatment. Paper-14138260.
These results demonstrate PTH, forskolin, the PTHrP analog RS-66271, and IL-1 alpha stimulate IL-6 expression by stimulating gene transcription. Paper-1228631.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates osteoblasts to produce the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 ( IL-6), causing bone resorption. Paper-10245792.
Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that acetylation of APE1 enhanced binding of the APE1-HDACs complex to the PTH promoter. Paper-10067567.
We found all EGF-like ligands and their receptors are expressed in osteoblasts, but AR is the only member that is highly regulated by PTH. Paper-10800221.
We have now demonstrated for the first time that PTH stimulated BMP-2 mRNA expression via the mevalonate pathway and ROK in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Paper-14138260.
Thus, we demonstrate that PTH induces a PKA-dependent transactivation of Cbfa1, and this transactivation is required for collagenase-3 promoter activity in UMR cells. Paper-2134447.
The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor ( PTHR1) mediates the actions of parathyroid hormone ( PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein ( PTHRP). Paper-11800708.
These findings suggest that BMP-2 mRNA expression was upregulated by PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells mediated by mevalonate pathway suppression followed by ROK inhibition. Paper-14138260.
We demonstrate, for the first time, that PTH modulates AKT phosphorylation in response to apoptosis via the serine/ threonine phosphatase PP2A. Paper-15252979.
The human PTH receptor type 2 ( PTH2R) is activated by PTH and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues ( TIP39), resulting in cAMP and intracellular Ca signaling. Paper-10422451.
HDAC4 represses matrix metalloproteinase-13 transcription in osteoblastic cells, and parathyroid hormone controls this repression. Paper-14675846.
The cooperative function of these factors in response to PTH in osteoblastic cells suggests a direct interaction between AP-1 and Cbfa/Runt transcription factors. Paper-8975874.
However, in contrast to its effect on HL and LPL expressions, PTx did not improve VLDL-R expression, suggesting a PTH-independent mechanism for the latter abnormality. Paper-1376447.
The authors suggest that the development of osteoporosis with CRF is due to the secondary increase of PTH in blood but the effect of increased serum CT levels was not so obvious. Paper-632186.
These effects were observed at near physiological concentrations of the hormone such that 1 pM PTH induced hepatic IL-6 production at a rate of approximately 0.6 ng/min. Paper-8677668.
Since the inhibitory effect of CT is prevailing on the stimulating effect of PTH, patients with higher levels of PTH and CT have a lower gastric acid secretion. Paper-3102557.
Similar to VDR regulation the effect of PTH was mimicked by activation of cAMP production whereas protein kinase C activation reduced the induction by 1,25-(OH)2D3. Paper-591956.
METHODS: We evaluated the PTH- induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in cells of isolated perfused connecting tubules (CNTs) of KL(-/-) mice. Paper-12236320.
Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we studied cAMP and Ca(2+) dynamics during PTH stimulation of HEK293 cells that coexpressed the PTH receptor and TRPV5. Paper-13909280.
Synthetic parathyroid hormone fragments shortened at the amino terminus stimulate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the distal renal tubule. Paper-5649280.
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in avian epiphyseal growth-plate cartilage cells: effect of serum, parathyroid hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide. Paper-6952348.
CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that factors present in UUF decrease PTH- stimulated cAMP generation by a mechanism that involves a decrease in the levels of PTH1R mRNA levels. Paper-10472197.
Pretreatment of HEK293 cells with the PKA inhibitor H89 or the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, individually or in combination reduced the early component of PTH- stimulated ERK activity. Paper-11807201.
We previously reported that parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates PLD activity in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells by a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent mechanism. Paper-9946772.
Role of the interleukin-6/ interleukin-6 soluble receptor cytokine system in mediating increased skeletal sensitivity to parathyroid hormone in perimenopausal women. Paper-9637277.
Therefore, calcineurin regulates AUF1 posttranslationally in vitro and PTH gene expression in vivo but still allows its physiological regulation by calcium and phosphate. Paper-11202168.
PTH, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta increased luciferase expression in UMR-106 cells transiently transfected with a -224/+11 bp IL-6 promoter-driven reporter construct. Paper-9034452.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) regulation of mitogen- activated protein kinases ( MAPK) ERK1/2 contributes to PTH regulation of osteoblast growth and apoptosis. Paper-13859263.
In these cells, which are the target of the calcium-sparing action of PTH, PTH(1-34) activated adenylyl cyclase ( AC) and phospholipase C (PLC) and PTH1R endocytosis. Paper-10266285.
Estrogen modulates parathyroid hormone (PTH)- induced increases in serum IL-6/IL-6sR, such that, in the estrogen-deficient state, there is an exaggerated release of these cytokines. Paper-9637277.
It is uncertain whether circulating interleukin-6 ( IL-6) plays a role in mediating the acute withdrawal of the effects of parathyroid hormone ( PTH) on bone turnover after PTX. Paper-8445355.
Calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, significantly reduced PMA-stimulated RANKL mRNA expression without altering PTH- or FSK- mediated effects on RANKL or OPG mRNA. Paper-9263330.
Our results show that cimetidine in vitro not only can inhibit secretion of PTH but also apparently can promote the release of CT from both rat and human C-cells. Paper-3768031.
We therefore propose that the perimenopausal period represents a time when skeletal sensitivity to the resorbing actions of PTH increases because of augmented release of IL-6 and IL-6sR. Paper-9637277.
In adult proximal tubules, PTH stimulates phospholipase A2 ( PLA2) activity and the inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity by PTH is blocked by inhibitors of PLA2. Paper-1154113.
In vitro studies have suggested that estrogen stimulates OPG, whereas parathyroid hormone ( PTH) inhibits OPG expression and stimulates the expression of RANKL. Paper-8851364.
Glial cells missing-2 ( GCM2) is a transcription factor expressed in the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-secreting cells of the parathyroid gland and is essential for their development. Paper-13533063.
These results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 may affect transcription of the human PTH gene both by competitive binding of VDR and NF-Y, and by modulating transcriptional activity of NF-Y. Paper-11153870.
The parathormone ( PTH) production is controlled by calcium and vitamin D, which interact with the calcium-sensing receptor ( CaSR) and vitamin D receptor ( VDR), respectively. Paper-11399554.
The purpose of the present study was to identify the contributions of distinct signaling mechanisms to PTH- stimulated activation of the mitogen- activated protein kinases ( MAPK) ERK1/2. Paper-11807201.
Isoforms of the CT receptor ( CTR), with interesting functional differences, have been identified and a new form of the PTH receptor, highly specific for PTH, has been cloned. Paper-1075002.
The tools developed in this work will allow us to investigate the possible role of TIP39 as a locally or systemically secreted ligand modulating the function of the PTH receptor family. Paper-9503522.
Thus, HDAC4 is a basal repressor of MMP-13 transcription, and PTH regulates HDAC4 to control MMP-13 promoter activity. Paper-14675846.
Involvement of PKC-beta in PTH, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta effects on IL-6 promoter in osteoblastic cells and on PTH-stimulated bone resorption. Paper-9034452.
The simplest explanation is that 17 beta-estradiol suppressed the inhibitory effect of PTH on osteoblastic activity by inhibiting the PTH- induced suppression of IGFBP-4 protease activity. Paper-725199.
Infection of the cells with adenovirus expressing full-length WT GFP- NHERF-1 increased basal phosphate transport and restored the inhibitory effect of both PTH and dopamine. Paper-15350224.
This suggests that Klotho protein in kidney is implicated in calcium homeostasis which regulates localization of type IIa Na/Pi cotransporters via parathyroid hormone ( PTH). Paper-10639275.
Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP-2) and PTH increased alkaline phosphatase activity, however, this index of differentiation was suppressed by epidermal growth factor ( EGF), DEX, and RA. Paper-66108.
We studied regulation of arterial osteogenesis by human parathyroid hormone ( PTH) (1-34) (also called teriparatide) in LDLR -/- mice fed diabetogenic diets for 4 weeks. Paper-10053031.
Conversely, parathyroid hormone ( PTH) inhibits aortic calcification in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice fed high fat diabetogenic diets (HFD). Paper-15215240.
ALP levels were upregulated in the presence of osteotropic agents such as parathyroid hormone ( PTH), transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta), and BMP-2. Paper-1594350.
Conclusions: C-terminal or intact FGF-23 levels are weakly correlated and thus not clearly indicative of FGF-23 effects on PTH, P and vitamin D metabolism in dialysis patients. Paper-16187817.
Involvement of different second messengers in parathyroid hormone- and interleukin-1- induced interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 production in human bone marrow stromal cells. Paper-1094000.
We also show that a novel mechanism by which TNF mediates PTH induced osteoclast formation is upregulation of CD40 expression in SCs, which increases their RANKL/OPG production ratio. Paper-15382091.
Rat stomach ECL-cell histidine decarboxylase activity is suppressed by ergocalciferol but unaffected by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Paper-1842615.
FGF23 acts on the receptor complex in the parathyroid glands to decrease parathyroid hormone ( PTH) gene expression and PTH secretion through activation of the MAPK pathway. Paper-15452849.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) ERK1/2 through inhibition of c-Raf and activation of MKP-1 in osteoblastic cells. Paper-13859263.
PTH induces the rapid cAMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent release of HDAC4 from the MMP-13 promoter and subsequent transcription of MMP-13. Paper-14675846.
Cycloheximide, an inhibitor for protein synthesis, inhibited PTH- stimulated RANKL mRNA expression by 60% without altering the effect of PTH on OPG mRNA expression. Paper-9263330.
Our previous studies have shown that parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis by phospholipase D ( PLD) and transphosphatidylation in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells. Paper-8521791.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-(1-14) and -(1-11) analogs conformationally constrained by alpha-aminoisobutyric acid mediate full agonist responses via the juxtamembrane region of the PTH-1 receptor. Paper-8892008.
Estrogen and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) enhance Runx2 expression and activity through anabolic effects, however, estrogen negatively regulates Runx2 in osteoclastogenesis. Paper-12550934.
The polypeptide TIP39 (tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues) is a potent activator of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-2 receptor (P2R) and an antagonist of the PTH-1 receptor ( P1R). Paper-9503522.
The present study evaluated the relationship of COL1A2, BGP, IL-6, AHSG and PTH genes defined by MspI, HindIII, BsrBI, SacI and BstBI restriction enzymes, respectively, with BMD in Chinese males. Paper-11111893.
Candidate genes ( TYMS, MTHFR, ABCB1, BGLAP, ACP5, LRP5, ESR1, PAI-1, VDR, PTH, and PTHR) were chosen based on putative mechanisms underlying osteonecrosis risk. Paper-12766706.
Promoter reporter assays revealed that PTH regulated the upstream IL-18 promoter and induced the exon 1 containing 1.1-kb IL-18 mRNA transcript in primary osteoblast cells. Paper-14292145.
BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism ( HPT) is characterized by inappropriate control of parathyroid hormone ( PTH) secretion and asymmetric hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Paper-8862887.
Adding an antibody against mouse IL-6 to bone cultures stimulated with PTH or PGE2 neutralized the resulting IL-6 bioactivity by up to 92% but did not inhibit TRAP+OC formation. Paper-138230.
Our results suggest that rapid PTH inhibition of ERK1/2 activity is mediated by PKA dependent inhibition of c-Raf activity and that stimulation of MKP-1 may contribute to maintaining pERK1/2 inhibition over prolonged time. Paper-13859263.
Therefore, the pathway downstream after generation of second messengers following stimulation of PTH (such as the sorting of transporters of Ca absorption) might be impaired by disruption of the Klotho gene. Paper-12236320.
PTH attenuates the stress- induced JNK signaling pathway in osteoblasts via induction of MKP-1 synthesis but inhibits the p42/44 MAPK pathway mainly via transcription-independent mechanisms. Paper-10949965.
In IL-18 knock-out animals the anabolic effect of PTH (determined by bone mineral density changes in the proximal tibia) was abolished in trabecular bone but not in the cortical component. Paper-14292145.
Thus, in this osteoblast cell line, the PKC pathway is an important component of the signaling pathway for the IL-6 production stimulated by PTH and TNF-alpha but not that from IL-1beta. Paper-8465439.
They were immunohistochemically (IHC) examined using antibodies for EGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)alpha, PDGFRbeta, parathyroid hormone ( PTH) receptor, Ki-67, cyclinD1, p53, and vimentin. Paper-11279220.
Overexpression of isoform p45 of the PTH mRNA stabilizing protein AUF1 blocks KSRP- PTH mRNA binding and partially prevents the KSRP mediated decrease in PTH mRNA levels. Paper-12954736.
Stimulation of interleukin-6 production by either calcitonin gene-related peptide or parathyroid hormone in two phenotypically distinct bone marrow-derived murine stromal cell lines. Paper-7892835.
Serum biomarkers measured included calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), osteocalcin ( OC), osteoprotegerin ( OPG), parathyroid hormone ( PTH) and 25(OH)D. Paper-12747057.
In vitro data showed that PTH induced a significant increase in ATF4 mRNA expression as early as 15min in Fgf2(+/+) primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) but not in Fgf2(-/-) BMSCs. Paper-16161031.
Serum calcium ( Ca), phosphate (P), parathormone ( PTH), total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin ( OC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein ( CRP) were measured. Paper-12395266.
Parathyroid hormone stimulates receptor activator of NFkappa B ligand and inhibits osteoprotegerin expression via protein kinase A activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein. Paper-9281976.
Infarcted hearts of PTH-treated mice revealed increased numbers of CD45(+)/CD34(+) progenitor cells as well as an upregulation of VEGF-A mRNA associated with increased neovascularization and cell survival. Paper-14514374.
In this report we demonstrated that bone tissue, specifically osteoblasts, produce interleukin-6 and that this function can be modulated by the osteotrophic hormone parathyroid hormone ( PTH). Paper-6344564.
Treatment with PTH or forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, facilitated T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent transactivation in a dose-dependent manner, which was abolished by pre-treatment with a PKA inhibitor, H89. Paper-14310105.
We identified a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding the 5' end of the transcription factor Sox-4, using a subtracted cDNA library enriched in PTH-stimulated genes from the human osteoblast-like cell line OHS. Paper-8543936.
In osteoblasts parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates the PTH/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor ( PTH1R) that couples via G(s) to adenylyl cyclase stimulation and via G(11) to phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation. Paper-10737018.
During a hypercalcaemic episode, serum parathyroid hormone ( PTh) levels were suppressed indicating the hypercalcaemia was independent of PTh and probably due to a direct action of VIP on calcium turnover. Paper-2905271.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that PTH down-regulates OPG/ OCIF mRNA expression through the PKA pathway in stromal cells, which would result in the stimulation of osteoclast formation. Paper-8398430.
Since IL-6 is a known activator of osteoclasts, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that PTH stimulates the local IL-6 synthesis in stromal cells to indirectly activate osteoclasts. Paper-9536038.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that PPR signaling in T cells plays an essential role in PTH induced bone loss by promoting T cell production of TNF. Paper-15382091.
Long-term culture in dexamethasone significantly increased ALP and OC mRNA levels and the activities of ALP and PTH- stimulated adenylate cyclase but not OC production, in (HOB + DEX) compared with (HOB-DEX) cells (p < 0.05). Paper-644165.
Mechanistic studies revealed that PTH activation of the T cell PPR stimulates T cell production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF). Paper-15382091.
Recent functional studies have suggested that position 19 in PTH interacts with the portion of the PTH-1 receptor ( P1R) that contains the extracellular loops and seven transmembrance helices (TMs) (the J domain). Paper-10203341.
Using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, we have shown that matrix Gla protein ( MGP) can be induced by PTH, and that this induction may explain the PTH-mediated inhibition of osteoblast biomineralization. Paper-11797372.
We investigated whether substitution of the sterically hindered and helix-promoting amino acid alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) in N-terminal PTH oligopeptides would improve the capacity of the peptide to activate the P1R. Paper-8892008.
These results indicate that PKC-beta(I) is a component of the signaling pathway that mediates PTH-, TNF-alpha-, and IL-1 beta- stimulated IL-6 expression and PTH-stimulated bone resorption. Paper-9034452.
The released form is stable at neutral and alkaline pH and, in both cell types, intracellular and extracellular cathepsin B activities are increased by interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1beta) and parathyroid hormone ( PTH). Paper-9681632.
We have previously reported that osteoclasts and osteoblasts release HMGB1 and release by the latter is regulated by parathyroid hormone ( PTH), an agent of bone remodeling. Paper-12671598.
In this study, we simultaneously test linkage and/or association of the genes for VDR, osteocalcin (also known as bone Gla protein [ BGP]), and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) with BMD in 630 subjects from 53 human pedigrees. Paper-9200725.
The phosphorylation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 ( NHERF-1) plays a key role in the regulation of renal phosphate transport by parathyroid hormone ( PTH) and dopamine. Paper-15350224.
Stably transfected cells with a chimeric GH gene containing the PTH 63-nt cis-acting element were used to study the signal transduction pathway that regulates AUF1 modification and chimeric gene mRNA stability. Paper-11202168.
Plasma concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone ( PTH), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), ghrelin, substance P, serotonin, cholecystokinin ( CCK) and gastrin were quantified at 0, 2 and 4 h. Paper-14379771.
Using calcitonin ( CT) as a positive control, we successfully completed 12 separate controlled subexperiments documenting significant reductions in PTH- induced hypercalcemia in rats of the CT group. Paper-10713384.
IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha), both at 1-100 ng/ml, and PTH at 0.1-10 nM increased PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA and medium PGE2 levels dose-dependently after 4 h of treatment. Paper-756152.
PTH-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA), PTH binding and PTH1R mRNA levels were determined by radioligand binding and Northern analysis, respectively. Paper-10472197.
Here we report that PTH stimulated RANKL gene transcription and increased RANKL mRNA stability in murine stromal/osteoblastic cells stably expressing human PTH/ PTH-related protein receptor 1. Paper-9281976.
AP-1 and Cbfa/runt physically interact and regulate parathyroid hormone-dependent MMP13 expression in osteoblasts through a new osteoblast-specific element 2/ AP-1 composite element. Paper-8975874.
Since RANKL and osteoprotegerin ( OPG) production in bone is influenced by parathyroid hormone ( PTH), we measured serum RANKL and OPG concentrations in haemodialysis (HD) patients, who commonly hypersecrete PTH. Paper-10766076.
Rp-diastereoisomer of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) and H-8, inhibitors of PKA, significantly inhibited PTH- stimulated IL-6/ IL-11 production, but did not inhibit IL-1-stimulated IL-6/ IL-11 production. Paper-1094000.
Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) levels were estimated in every patient and, after a preliminary hormone screening study, plasma calcitonin ( CT) and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) levels were assayed in 66 patients. Paper-2903827.
However, the mechanism of skeletal resistance to PTH has not been fully elucidated yet, but recent papers suggested that osteoprotegerin ( OPG) accumulating in uraemic serum might inhibit osteoclastogenesis induced by PTH. Paper-9633231.
Our results of the expression pattern of core binding factor alpha1 ( Cbfa1), which binds to the runt domain site, indicated that there is no change in the levels of Cbfa1 protein or RNA under either control conditions or after PTH treatment. Paper-2134447.
Interestingly, continuous PTH (1-34) treatment stimulated both Saos 2 cell HAS2 (P < or = 0.001) and HAS1 (P < or = 0.001) isoform expression inhibited their HYAL2 expression (P < or = 0.001) and modestly (P < or = 0.05) enhanced their migration. Paper-15251605.
Plasma levels of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), calcitonin ( CT), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), and prolactin ( PRL) were measured at 8, 13, and 17 hr during the 4-day estrous cycle of the rat. Paper-4347243.
The results demonstrate that (a) either the intact PTH molecule or a C-terminal fragment(s) bigger than 53-84 moiety exerts the inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis, and (b) adequate amounts of Ep can overcome this action of PTH. Paper-3740438.
These findings suggest that high PTH levels may have a direct suppressive effect on CT concentration and this may be, at least in part, responsible for failure of CT concentrations to rise in many patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Paper-5681648.
BMP-2 stimulated ALP activity and induced parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent production of cAMP in both ST2 and PA6 cells, but these effects were more apparent in ST2 cells than in PA6 cells. Paper-559544.
It is concluded that PTH stimulates ERK1/2 through several distinct signal transduction pathways: an early G protein-dependent pathway meditated by PKA and PKC and a late pathway independent of G proteins mediated through beta-arrestins. Paper-11807201.
Moreover, PTH stimulates HDAC4 gene expression and enzymatic activity at times corresponding to the reassociation of HDAC4 with the MMP-13 promoter and a decline in its transcription. Paper-14675846.
To assess which of the subtilisin-like prohormone convertases can process proPTH to PTH we coinfected cells with a vaccinia virus construct expressing human preproPTH and vaccinia virus constructs expressing furin, PC1 or PC2. Paper-207444.
Knock-out of HDAC4 either by siRNA in vitro or by gene deletion in vivo leads to an increase in MMP-13 expression, and overexpression of HDAC4 decreases the PTH induction of MMP-13. Paper-14675846.
In the 14-min time-course study, amino-terminal PTH fragments and analogues induced cyclic changes of G6PD activity with shorter cycle lengths in higher concentrations and with constant peak heights regardless of the concentrations. Paper-5649280.
Previous studies have demonstrated that NPY potently inhibits parathyroid hormone ( PTH) induced effects on osteoblastic bone cells and that VIP is a strong inductor of bone resorption. Paper-744864.
The N-terminal extracellular domain 23-60 of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor in chimeras with the parathyroid hormone receptor mediates association with receptor activity-modifying protein 1. Paper-10789771.
Resorption caused by IL-11 was also inhibited by both anti-mouse glycoprotein 130 ( gp130) and an antibody neutralizing IL-11, but these agents had no effect on (45)Ca release caused by PTH or 1,25(OH)(2)vitamin D(3) (D(3)). Paper-9181933.
Furthermore, stimulation of hPTH1R with PTH analogues, [Trp1]PTHrp-(1-36) and [d-Trp12,Tyr34]PTH-(7-34), selectively activated G(s)/PKA-mediated ERK1/2 activation or G protein-independent/ beta-arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 activation, respectively. Paper-11807201.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA and inhibits osteoprotegerin ( OPG) mRNA expression in murine bone marrow cultures. Paper-9263330.
The calcium-sensing receptor ( CASR) is a plasma membrane G protein coupled receptor that is expressed in the parathyroid hormone ( PTH) producing chief cells of the parathyroid gland and the cells lining the kidney tubule. Paper-8657641.
In UMR cells, NPY inhibited the effects of NA and parathyroid hormone ( PTH), which is the first demonstration of a receptor interaction between a local neuropeptide and a systemic calcium regulating hormone. Paper-6875943.
These findings suggest that the effect of PTH on the canonical Wnt signaling pathway occurs at least in part via the cAMP-PKA pathway through the differential regulation of the receptor complex proteins (FZD-1/LRP5 or LRP6) and the antagonist ( Dkk-1). Paper-11251354.
The cAMP production in rat osteosarcoma cells, induced by the amino-terminal portion of PTHrP (1-34), as a result of its structural similarity with parathyroid hormone ( PTH), was abated by PSA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Paper-638100.
Stepwise regression analysis for covariance revealed that phosphorus remained significantly correlated with EPO resistance after the removal of the effect of PTH while PTH lost its significance after the effect of phosphorus was removed. Paper-12252637.
Apa I in VDR, Pvu II and Xba I in ERa (ERX and ERP, respectively), BsrB I in IL6, BstB I in PTH, Msp I in COL1A2, Hind III in BGP, and Sac I in AHSG, using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) methods. Paper-11535750.
An earlier report in the literature indicated the vitamin D response element (VDRE) in the human parathyroid hormone ( hPTH) promoter could be specifically bound by an unidentified transcription factor in addition to the vitamin D receptor ( VDR) complex. Paper-10896089.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) dose dependently inhibits growth factor- and stress- induced osteoblast proliferation via inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) signaling pathways. Paper-10949965.
OBJECTIVE: In vitro and in vivo studies in animal models have shown that parathyroid hormone ( PTH) inhibits the expression of the SOST gene, which encodes sclerostin, an osteocyte-derived negative regulator of bone formation. Paper-15393965.
Furthermore, findings suggest that the repressive effects of vitamin D on hPTH gene transcription may involve displacement of NF-Y binding to the proximal site by the VDR heterodimer, which subsequently attenuates synergistic transactivation. Paper-10896089.
We investigated allelic variants of the vitamin D receptor ( VDR) gene, the estrogen receptor ( ER) gene, the parathyroid hormone ( PTH) gene, the Ca-sensing receptor ( CaSR) gene, and the beta3-adrenergic receptor ( beta3-AR) gene. Paper-9622016.
PTH activates PTHR by interacting with a ligand-binding site localized within the N-terminal extracellular domain (the N-domain) and the domain comprising the seven transmembrane helices and the connecting extracellular loops (the J-domain). Paper-11095377.
Human MSC derived from adult normal bone marrow that are positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD166 and negative for CD14, CD34, and CD45, were treated with the PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the presence and absence of recombinant human BMP-4 or BMP6. Paper-10424983.
Accordingly, we assessed whether improving microstructure and quality at subchondral bone by the bone-forming agent parathyroid hormone ( PTH) [1-34] prevent cartilage damage progression in a rabbit model of OA preceded by osteoporosis ( OP). Paper-16230557.
The most important endogenous regulators of growth and skeletal development are growth hormone ( GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and calciotropic hormones, i.e., parathyroid hormone ( PTH), vitamin D (vitD), and calcitonin ( CT). Paper-8055969.
Of the various cytokines tested, IL-4 reduced the PTH-induced inhibition of Ig production, whereas other cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-5, interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF), failed to do so. Paper-7374532.
In contrast to the specificity of the IL-6 response of the +/+ LDA11 cells to CGRP, IL-6 production by the MBA 13.2 stromal cells was stimulated by PTH whereas CGRP or CT had no effect. Paper-7892835.
Parathormone ( PTH), calcitonin ( CT), thyroglobulin ( TG), thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), galectin 3 ( GAL3), cytokeratin 19 ( CK 19), p63, bcl-2, OCT4, and SALL4 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Paper-15731381.
Therefore, we analysed in a murine model of experimental myocardial infarction ( MI) the influence of PTH treatment on survival, functional parameters, stem cell migration, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF-A). Paper-14514374.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fibroblast growth factor 23 ( FGF23) has been shown to suppress parathyroid hormone ( PTH) secretion. alpha- Klotho has been demonstrated to function as a fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR) cofactor for FGF23. Paper-14766971.
These results indicate that different second messengers are involved in PTH- and IL-1- induced IL-6 and IL-11 production by hBMSCs: PTH and IL-1 stimulate IL-6/ IL-11 production via a PKA-dependent and PKC-dependent pathway, respectively. Paper-1094000.
PTH couples the processes of bone resorption and formation by enforcing simultaneous internalization of TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII) and PTH type 1 receptor ( PTH1R), which attenuates both TGF-beta and PTH signalling in vivo. Paper-14183906.
In mice, both acute neutralization and chronic deficiency of IL-6 were associated with markedly lower levels of biochemical markers of bone resorption in response to PTH infusion than were observed in animals with normal IL-6 production. Paper-2005537.
Previous studies have shown that plasma levels of osteoprotegerin ( OPG) and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) are associated with the distal region of the ANKH gene, whereas skeletal size measurements are associated with the promoter region. Paper-13012545.
The 1.95-A structure of PTH bound to the MBP-PTH1R-ECD fusion reveals that PTH docks as an amphipathic helix into a central hydrophobic groove formed by a three-layer alpha-beta-betaalpha fold of the PTH1R ECD, resembling a hot dog in a bun. Paper-14303357.
The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive subperiosteal osteoprogenitor cells was significantly increased in the calluses of the PTH-treated group on day 2, and TRAP+ multinucleated cells were significantly increased in areas of callus cancellous bone on day 7. Paper-9637302.
PTH regulation of IL-18 was confirmed at the protein level, and analysis of differentiating primary rat calvarial osteoblasts verified that both IL-18 mRNA and protein are regulated by PTH in primary rat osteoblasts. Paper-14292145.
We investigated in XLH patients: 1) whether treatment with the calcimimetic agent, cinacalcet, will block the rise in parathyroid hormone ( PTH) caused by phosphate administration; and 2) whether treatment with oral phosphate and calcitriol increases FGF23 levels. Paper-12773945.
Both interaction of Cbfa/Runt proteins with AP-1 and the presence of a functional proximal OSE2 site are required for enhanced transcriptional activity of the mmp13 promoter in transient transfected fibroblasts and in PTH-treated osteosarcoma cells. Paper-8975874.
We conclude that high levels of some biochemical markers of bone turnover, low serum estradiol, low DHEA sulfate, high SHBG, and high PTH are associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women, independently of each other and of BMD. Paper-8611242.
Finally, mobility shift studies indicated that the VDR heterodimer competed with NF-Y for binding to the VDRE sequence, and NF-Y-stimulated activity of the hPTH promoter could be suppressed in a hormone-dependent manner when the VDR heterodimer complex was coexpressed in SL2 cells. Paper-10896089.
Prior down-regulation of PKC with 100 nM phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ( PDBU) for 48 h inhibited the PTH effect as well as the smaller stimulatory effects elicited by tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha), 10(-9)-10(-8) M, and by IL-1beta, 1-10 ng/ml. Paper-8873890.
The six loci, beta-globin (HBBC), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), oncogene c-Ha-ras-1 ( HRAS1), insulin ( INS), calcitonin ( CAL) and catalase (CAT) loci, have been mapped to 11p in the order: CAT-CAL-PTH-HBBC-(HRAS1- INS). Paper-5702711.
Our data suggest that hepatic-derived IL-6 and IL-6sR contribute to the increase in circulating levels of these cytokines induced by PTH in vivo and raise the possibility that PTH-induced, liver-derived IL-6 may exert endocrine effects on tissues such as bone. Paper-8677668.
USA, 60 mg/day) on biochemical bone turnover markers, serum parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin D, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1, in 22 postmenopausal, osteoporotic women before and after 12 weeks of raloxifene treatment. Paper-12563972.
As measured in one experiment, nearly one-half maximal responses were obtained with 0.1 IU/ml PTH or 0.3 ng/ml SCT in thick ascending limbs and with 1 nM AVP in collecting tubules, suggesting that enzyme sensitivity to hormones as well preserved under the conditions used in this study. Paper-3634715.
Hence, our data showing that BRF1 is expressed in osteoblastic cells and regulated by PTH and BMP-2, suggest an important role for BRF1 in osteoblasts within the molecular network of PTH-dependent bone remodeling. Paper-10627201.
DESIGN AND METHODS: The present study was performed to examine how OPG/ OCIF expression is regulated by PTH and to further investigate the possible involvement of OPG/ OCIF in the stimulation of osteoclast formation by PTH in mouse bone cells. Paper-8398430.
Pretreatment of OK cells with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A or with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI-3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 blocked the early and late peaks of PTH- stimulated ERK activity. Paper-2109592.
Other signaling molecules like the insulin receptor substrate-1 ( IRS-1), the S6 ribosomal subunit kinase, and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) were phosphorylated by PTH, insulin, and PEMF to the same relative extent and within the same time frame. Paper-13309301.
The levels of expression of type I collagen (COLlA1), osteonectin (ON), ALP, and osteocalcin ( OC) mRNA were increased markedly in the PTH-treated group and accompanied by enhanced expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I mRNA during the early stages of healing (days 4-7). Paper-9637302.
Fortyseven uremic patients on RDT underwent a gastric secretion study and a contemporary evaluation of serum levels of Calcium ( Ca), Phosphate (iP), Magnesium ( Mg), Alkaline Phosphatase (AP), immunoreactive gastrin ( Gas), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), calcitonin ( CT). Paper-3102557.
Previously, we have shown that parathyroid hormone ( PTH) transactivation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein ( CREB) requires both serine 129 (S129) and serine 133 (S133) in rat osteosarcoma cells UMR 106-01 (UMR) cells. Paper-9183066.
1. While calcitonin ( CT) has now been clearly demonstrated to be a renal Ca2+-conserving hormone and may share similar transport mechanisms with parathyroid hormone ( PTH), the effect of prolonged CT exposure on renal Ca2+ transport has not been evaluated. Paper-1441157.
CONCLUSIONS: Compounds stimulating IL-6 release at concentrations achievable during the treatment of uremic hyperparathyroidism might favor continuing linked bone formation and resorption and thereby avoid adynamic bone disease while still allowing profound suppression of PTH. Paper-1789427.
We have investigated the effect of increasing G(11)alpha levels in UMR 106-01 osteoblastic cells by transient transfection with cDNA encoding G(11)alpha on PTH stimulation of PLC and protein kinase C (PKC) as well as PTH regulation of mRNA encoding matrix metalloproteinase-13 ( MMP-13). Paper-10737018.
These data suggest that bone marrow-derived stromal cells express receptors for either CGRP or PTH in a phenotype-specific manner and that, acting via these receptors, CGRP and PTH stimulate IL-6 production by stromal cells. Paper-7892835.
Phospholipase C signaling and ligand-binding affinity were reduced by carboxyl (C)-terminal truncation of hPTH-(1-34) but were coordinately restored when a binding-enhancing substitution (Glu(19) --> Arg(19)) was placed within hPTH-(1-28), the shortest hPTH peptide that could fully activate both AC and PLC. Paper-8276990.
The cytochemical bioassay, using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD) activity in the distal convoluted tubule of a guniea pig as an index, is specific and the most sensitive method of evaluating the biological activity of parathyroid hormone ( PTH). Paper-5649280.
We conclude that whereas PTH and PTHrP bind similarly to the G protein- coupled PTHR conformation (RG), PTH has a greater capacity to bind to the G protein-uncoupled conformation (R(0)) and, hence, can produce cumulatively greater signaling responses (via R(0)-->RG isomerization) than can PTHrP. Paper-12674436.
PTH- stimulated increases in bone turnover were evident by increased gene expression of osteocalcin ( OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor of activator nuclear factor kappaB ( NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) in the tibia and femur. Paper-9545777.
Given that the complex process of bone remodeling is now thought to be regulated not only by systemic hormones but also by locally produced factors, the existence of a parathyroid hormone- stimulated production of interleukin-6 by osteoblasts may have important physiological significance. Paper-6344564.
Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine calcitonin ( CT), calcitonin-gene related peptide (GGRP), parathormone ( PTH), somatostatin ( ST), synaptophysin ( SPh) and neuron-specific enolase ( NSE). Paper-8965622.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH) stimulates osteoclast formation by binding to its receptor on stromal/osteoblastic cells and stimulating the production of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand ( RANKL) and inhibiting the expression of osteoprotegerin ( OPG). Paper-9281976.
Furthermore, our results suggest that regulation of cytokine production by estrogen in hBMSCs is selective; only the IL-1-induced IL-6 production, which is mediated by PKC pathway, is inhibited, but PTH- induced IL-6 production and PTH/IL-1- induced IL-11 production are not inhibited by estrogen. Paper-1094000.
We have investigated the actions of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on the production of cAMP stimulated by synthetic human PTH [hPTH-(1-34)], synthetic hPTH-related protein [hPTHrP-(1-34)], and vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) in human (SaOS-2) and rat ( ROS 17/2.8) osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Paper-6144164.
During the following 6 h we monitored parathyoid hormone ( PTH) and osteopontin ( OPN), a multifunctional protein related to bone pathophysiology, as well as biochemical markers of bone turnover: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin ( OC). Paper-15195737.
AIMS: To evaluate BMD and serum markers of bone turnover and establish their relationships with serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2, IGFBP-3, and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) in young adult CF patients. Paper-12226360.
Since the ability of parathyroid hormone ( PTH) to increase osteoblast maturation and activity is associated with basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF) we determined the changes in serum bFGF levels in patients treated with human parathyroid hormone ( hPTH) (1-34) for 12 months and 12 months follow up. Paper-11074426.
Eleven polymorphisms were investigated in this study; TNFalpha-857 (rs1799724), TGFbeta1-509 (rs1800469), osteocalcin (rs1800247), TNFalpha-308 (rs1800629), PTH BstB I (rs6254), PTH Dra II (rs6256), IL-1ra ( VNTR), HSP70 hom (rs2227956), HSP 70-2 (rs1061581), CTR (rs1801197), and BMP-4 (rs17563). Paper-12832005.
Our results suggest that Cx43 overall expression, connexon formation and cell surface expression are differentially regulated by intermittent and continuous PTH(1-34), implying the involvement of Cx43 and Cx43-forming channels in mediating the effects of PTH on bone formation. Paper-12940161.
METHODS: Serum 25OHD, parathyroid hormone ( PTH), osteocalcin ( OC), vitamin D binding protein ( VDBP), and urinary deoxypyrdinoline (UDPD) concentrations and VDR genotype were determined in Emirati women volunteers who were participating in a study aiming at establishing a reference database for BMD. Paper-12275223.
The cytokine interleukin-6 ( IL-6) was produced by neonatal mouse parietal bones during a 6- or 48-hour culture period in response to prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2) and bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 fragment but not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Paper-138230.
To test the hypothesis that parathyroid hormone ( PTH) regulates interleukin-6 ( IL-6) expression locally in bone, the expression of IL-6 mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization after a subcutaneous injection of human PTH [1-84] (225 microg/kg) in 4-week old rats. Paper-9536038.
The effects of interleukin-1 beta ( IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 ( IL-6), transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), and 1,25(OH)2D3 on MCP-1 expression in human osteoblastic cells were compared. Paper-7988629.
These findings demonstrate that PTH regulates systemic levels of IL-6 in experimental animals, that IL-6 is an important mediator of the bone-resorbing actions of PTH in vivo and suggest that IL-6 plays a role in coupling PTH-induced bone resorption and formation. Paper-2005537.
To investigate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of caGα(12) and caRhoA, expression of RANKL, osteoprotegerin ( OPG), osteopontin ( OPN), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM) in response to PTH or calcitriol was examined in the UMR-106 cells. Paper-15529166.
Parathyroid hormone ( PTH), prostaglandin E2, ( PGE2) or tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-alpha) enhanced the secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( u-PA) antigen and suppressed the secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( PAI-1) antigen to the conditioned medium. Paper-7852322.
We conclude that (1) the basal bone phenotype in male COX-2 KO mice might reflect HPTH, COX-2 deficiency or both, and (2) increased responses to intermittent PTH in COX-2 KO mice, despite the presence of chronic HPTH, suggest that absence of COX-2 increased sensitivity to PTH. Paper-15208739.
Secretin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP), and parathyroid hormone ( PTH) belong, together with vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase (AC)-activating polypeptide, to a family of peptides (the VIP-secretin-glucagon family), which also includes growth hormone-releasing hormone and exendins. Paper-8498144.
Arginine-vasopressin ( AVP) also increased the cAMP accumulation of kidney cortical cultured cells, with a potency and efficacy lower than that of human 'culture' PTH, while in kidney medullary cells in primary culture AVP exerted a strong response and the effect of PTH was poor or absent. Paper-4177295.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor ( VDR), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), calcium sensing receptor ( CASR), insulin receptor ( INSR), and adiponectin ( ADIPOQ) genes and biochemical characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). Paper-15841166.
RESULTS: Our empirical data demonstrated that two rare haplotypes of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH related peptide receptor type 1 and vitamin D receptor genes ( PTHR1 and VDR) with frequencies of 1.1% and 2.9%, respectively, had significant effects on osteoporosis phenotypes (p = 4.2 x 10(-6) and p = 1.6 x 10(-4), respectively). Paper-11076229.
These results indicate that combination therapy using PTH and ECT preserves the trabecular microarchitecture better than single-drug therapy using ECT or PTH in OVX rats, however, it is necessary to optimize the calcitonin ( CT) dosage and administration in order to achieve the optimal combined effect of PTH and CT. Paper-12578771.
Neuropeptides that activate class II GPCRs include secretin, glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2), growth hormone-releasing hormone ( GHRH), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide ( PACAP), corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), and calcitonin-related peptides. Paper-11177311.
IL-4 inhibited the bone resorption stimulated by parathyroid hormone ( PTH), PTH related protein (PTHrP), 1 alpha, 25, dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25 (OH)2 D3], interleukin-1 alpha and - 1 beta ( IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta) and prostaglandin E2 ( PGE2). Paper-6632531.
Several hypotheses were tested: that FGF-23 increases as renal function declines; is linearly associated with serum phosphate levels; is associated with increased phosphaturia independent of parathyroid hormone ( PTH); and is associated with decreased calcitriol levels independent of renal function, hyperphosphatemia, and vitamin D stores. Paper-10997082.
In this study, we characterized the second messenger signaling in parathyroid hormone ( PTH)- and IL-1- induced production of IL-6/ IL-11 and studied the possible modulating effects of estrogen. rhPTH(1-34) and rhIL-1 alpha dose-dependently stimulated IL-6 and IL-11 production from human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Paper-1094000.
This study was designed to determine the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLPs) of estrogen receptor ( ER), vitamin D receptor ( VDR), parathyroid hormone ( PTH) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) genes with the radiological severity of lumbar spondylosis at the disk level from L1/2 to L5/ S1 in Japanese post-menopausal women. Paper-12273683.
To determine the actual situation in Greece, we evaluated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium ( Ca), phosphorus ( P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone ( PTH), osteocalcin ( OC), and calcitonin ( CT) concentrations in 123 healthy mother-newborn pairs recruited from a public hospital of the sunny Athenian region. Paper-12065444.
We compared the effects of PTH on IL-6 expression with adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, interleukin-1 alpha ( IL-1 alpha), prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2), RS-66271 (a parathyroid hormone-related peptide analog), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Paper-1228631.
Because serum levels of OCIF with the ability to bind ODF in vitro (active OCIF) correlated well with those of OCIF detected by standard ELISA (active OCIF = 0.251 + 0.877 x OCIF; r2 = 0.829; P < 0.0001), OCIF accumulated in serum may be a candidate uremic toxin responsible for the skeletal resistance to PTH seen in chronic renal failure. Paper-9394016.
Here we examined whether parathyroid hormone ( PTH), calcitonin ( CT), or the calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP) influence IL-6 production by two murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell lines: the preadipocyte-like stromal cell line +/+ LDA11 and the fibroendothelial stromal cell line MBA 13. Paper-7892835.
These synonyms are used for gene PTH (parathyroid hormone): PTH1, Parathyroid hormone, Parathyrin, Parathormone.
These accession numbers are used for gene PTH: Q9UD38 (UNIPROT__AC), Q4VB48 (UNIPROT__AC), AAH96144 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), AAA60215 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC).
PTH is a homologue of PTH (parathyroid hormone) from Pan troglodytes.
PTH is a homologue of PTH (parathyroid hormone) from Canis lupus familiaris.
PTH is a homologue of PTH (parathyroid hormone) from Bos taurus.
PTH is a homologue of PTH (parathyroid hormone) from Gallus gallus.
PTH is a homologue of Pth (parathyroid hormone) from Mus musculus.
PTH is a homologue of Pth (parathyroid hormone) from Rattus norvegicus.
Important links !
iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins .
Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.