The most recent information on CLIC4 is here. Click here for the function of CLIC4. Edit this page in Wiki Genes - CLIC4 or see Wiki Gene. The human ASGP-R contains two subunits, H1 and H2. Paper-9172988. HTMT receptors are different from the classical H1, H2 or H3 receptors. Paper-123767. Recently, H1- and H2-receptor genes have been cloned in various animal species. Paper-8077794. These control elements include the UCE element, H1-box and H4-box. Paper-11124325. Ischemia augmented CLIC1 and CLIC4 expression similarly in wild-type mice. Paper-13867741. We studied collateral formation and remodeling in mice deficient in CLIC1 and CLIC4. Paper-13867741. However, CLIC1 increased 3-fold more in Clic4(-/-) mice, suggesting compensation. Paper-13867741. Possible role of histone H1 in the regulation of furin-dependent proprotein processing. Paper-13142390. Here we describe the molecular cloning of p64H1, a p64 homolog, from both human and cow. Paper-1804713. Recently, we demonstrated that several CLIC proteins, including CLIC4, interact with AKAP350. Paper-10186569. CLIC5 shares 52-76% overall identity with human CLIC1, CLIC2, CLIC3, and CLIC4. Paper-8398044. The human asialoglycoprotein receptor is a heterooligomer of the two homologous subunits H1 and H2. Paper-1968. Using intracellular Ca++-measurements, we demonstrated functional expression of the H1 and H3 receptors. Paper-12251870. RESULTS: Immature and mature DCs expressed the mRNA for H1, H2, and H3 histamine receptors. Paper-9451637. This may reflect differences in H1 to H2 receptor density or cell responsiveness to receptor stimulation. Paper-2882143. Our findings suggested that histone H1 might be involved in extracellular and/or intracellular furin regulation. Paper-13142390. In huH-1 and HuH-7, both ATBF1 isoforms suppressed strongly enhancer activity and slightly promoter activity. Paper-9354226. In the absence of CLIC4 or Schnurri-2, TGF-beta signalling is abrogated. Paper-13826547. Chloride intracellular channel 4 ( CLIC4) is a putative chloride channel for intracellular organelles. Paper-13360857. We cloned human cDNAs and generated antibodies specific for CLIC5, CLIC1/ NCC27, and CLIC4/ huH1/ p64H1. Paper-8398044. Northern blot analysis showed that CLIC5 has a distinct pattern of expression compared with CLIC1 and CLIC4. Paper-8398044. At 5 microM, the hH1-specific aODN was effective in suppressing ion channel function, but the hSkM1-specific aODN was not. Paper-8537281. Invasiveness of SAS- H1 and SAS-L-AS1 was enhanced by superoxide treatment, while the invasiveness of SAS-L1 was unaffected. Paper-437683. The heart Na(+) channel ( hH1) was significantly more sensitive to low-dose Hg(2+) (K(d) = 0.43 microM) than was hSkM1. Paper-8381311. Hence, CLIC4 represents the second gene that, along with VEGF shown by us previously, specifies native collateral formation. Paper-13867741. In fura-loaded H1- and H2-receptor-expressing cells histamine induced the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Paper-1133782. Rat brain p64H1, expression of a new member of the p64 chloride channel protein family in endoplasmic reticulum. Paper-1183473. There was no relationship between IC AUC0-24 and P-gp expression on the cell surface (r2< 0.01, P = 0.98). Paper-11514771. Nuclear CLIC4 appears to act on the TGF-beta pathway, and TGF-beta also causes CLIC4 nuclear translocation. Paper-13360857. An intact TGF-beta signalling pathway is essential for CLIC4-mediated growth-arrest. Paper-13826547. Olopatadine, an H1 antagonist, completely blocked the histamine-related responses, whereas H2 and H3 antagonists did not. Paper-11309287. H1 and H2-receptor antagonists have been successfully used for a long time in the treatment of allergy and ulcer, respectively. Paper-8077794. CLIC4 mediates TGF-beta1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in ovarian cancer. Paper-13902984. Moreover, in contrast to CLIC1 and CLIC4, CLIC5 is associated with the detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction of microvilli. Paper-8398044. Overexpressed chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC4 ( p64H1) is an essential component of novel plasma membrane anion channels. Paper-9347281. We evaluated TGF-beta(+) and IL-10(+) lung CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells in a murine model of M. tuberculosis. Paper-13229642. Four morphologically distinct types of horizontal cells could be identified in culture and were labeled types H1, H2, H3, and H4. Paper-5275255. Chromatin-specific remodeling by HMGB1 and linker histone H1 silences proinflammatory genes during endotoxin tolerance. Paper-13661543. Four different subtypes of G protein-coupled histamine receptors ( H1- H4) have been cloned and pharmacologically characterized. Paper-12251870. CLIC4 is enriched at cell-cell junctions and colocalizes with AKAP350 at the centrosome and midbody of cultured mammalian cells. Paper-10186569. CLIC4 is a member of the chloride intracellular channel ( CLIC) protein family whose principal cellular functions are poorly understood. Paper-10186569. Structure determination on the basis of nuclear Overhauser effect data indicates that the H1- F8A helix is significantly more ordered than H1-WT. Paper-8150453. Likewise, native cerebral collateral density in Clic4(-/-) (but not Clic1(-/-)) mice was reduced, resulting in severe infarctions. Paper-13867741. Conclusively, these data suggest that RBP2- H1 exerts a broad tumor-suppressive function partially mediated by pRb modulation. Paper-12065509. Clone SAS- H1 exhibited significantly greater motility than SAS-L1 but had significantly lower levels of intracellular Cu-ZnSOD than SAS-L1 cells. Paper-437683. Histamine trifluoromethyl-toluidine derivative (HTMT), a novel immunosuppressive agent, stimulates H1, H2 and HTMT receptors in lymphocytes. Paper-123767. ELP was fused to a peptide which blocks c-Myc/ Max dimerization ( H1), thereby inhibiting transcription activation by c-Myc (ELP-H1). Paper-13663345. Here we report that histone H1 efficiently blocks furin-dependent pro-von Willebrand factor (pro-vWF) processing in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-13142390. During waking when histamine release is highest, blockade of H1 receptors by systemically administered H1 receptor antagonists would be sedating. Paper-8054866. Histone H1 and its C-terminal lysine rich fragments were recently found to be potent inhibitors of furin, a mammalian proprotein convertase. Paper-13142390. BACKGROUND: Levocabastine is a selective topical H1 antagonist, effective in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Paper-864079. We used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to identify candidate genes in mammalian brain and cloned the cDNA corresponding to rat brain p64H1. Paper-1183473. Nuclear CLIC4 associates with phospho (p)-Smad2 and p-Smad3, protecting them from dephosphorylation by nuclear phosphatases. Paper-13826547. Immunoblot analysis established that this reduction of receptor activity was due to a reduction of expression of both ASGR subunit polypeptides H1 and H2. Paper-99224. Functional reconstitution of mammalian 'chloride intracellular channels' CLIC1, CLIC4 and CLIC5 reveals differential regulation by cytoskeletal actin. Paper-12641764. Following this discovery, other histones ( H2B, H3, H1, H2A.Z, macroH2A), as well as many nonhistone proteins, have been found to be monoubiquitylated. Paper-12177305. CLIC1 and CLIC5, but not CLIC4, were strongly and reversibly inhibited (or inactivated) by 'cytosolic' F-actin in the absence of any other protein. Paper-12641764. PURPOSE: CLIC4, a member of a family of intracellular chloride channels, is regulated by p53, c-Myc, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Paper-12390459. Finally, we find that H1 and HMGB1 bind to the TNF-alpha a promoter in human leukocytes obtained from patients with SSI. Paper-13661543. Remarkably, SAHF-positive senescent cells lose linker histone H1 and exhibit increased levels of chromatin-bound high mobility group A2 ( HMGA2). Paper-12360438. As previously shown, the corresponding domains comprise the pRb-binding region of the RBP2- H1 protein (non-T/E1A-pRb-binding domain (NTE1A)). Paper-12065509. Other established human hepatoma and hepatoblastoma cell lines, HuH-6 cl-5, PLC/PRF/5, huH-1, and huH-4, also grew in the defined medium. Paper-4023910. These results suggest that there was excessive synthesis of prothrombin precursors by human HCC tissue and hepatoma cell lines huH-1 and huH-2. Paper-299880. The histamine inhibition was shown to be specific for H2 receptor activation by blocking experiments with selective H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. Paper-7632849. We show mRNA expression of the histamine receptor subtypes H1, H2, and H3, but not H4 in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. Paper-12251870. Direct nuclear targeting of CLIC4 enhances TGF-beta signalling and removes the requirement for Schnurri-2. Paper-13826547. But was entirely blocked by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine showing that the histamine response in these cells is mediated through the H1 receptor. Paper-2096209. Depolarizing responses were blocked by the H1 antagonist mepyramine, but not by the H2 antagonist cimetidine nor the H3 antagonist thioperamide. Paper-8054866. In this report, we show that endogenous CLIC4 and AKAP350 colocalize at the centrosome and midbody of cultured cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Paper-10186569. Furthermore, production of large amounts of immunoreactive prothrombin was observed in human hepatoma cells huH-1 and huH-2, which produced large amounts of DCP. Paper-299880. Differential expression of a chloride intracellular channel gene, CLIC4, in transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Paper-9528150. Immunoblot analysis of extracts from placental tissues demonstrated that CLIC4 and CLIC5 are enriched in isolated placental microvilli, whereas CLIC1 is not. Paper-8398044. Finally whereas H1- and H2-receptors appear to be postsynaptically located, a novel subclass ( H3) of HA receptors was recently revealed with a presynaptic localization. Paper-5403792. In addition to CLIC1, Western blot showed that two additional CLIC family members, CLIC4 and CLIC5, are also present in spermatozoa. Paper-10297629. It is known to act on metabotropic H1- H4 receptors, but the existence of directly histamine-gated chloride channels in mammals has been suspected for many years. Paper-12763020. Thereby, we were able to show up-regulation of the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and CXCL8/ IL-8 via activation of the H1, H2 and H3 receptor subtypes. Paper-12251870. Therefore, re-establishing of RBP2- H1 could evolve as an interesting novel approach in developing experimental treatments for metastatic melanomas. Paper-12065509. Combined knockdown of HMGB1 and H1 restores binding of the transcriptionally active NF-kappaB p65 and reestablishes TNF-alpha mRNA levels. Paper-13661543. The functional human hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor ( ASGP-R) is a hetero-oligomer composed of two subunits, designated H1 and H2, which are highly homologous. Paper-9170389. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies confirmed that histone H1 could interact with furin, and the interaction mainly took place on the cell surface. Paper-13142390. Chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC4 ( p64H1) binds directly to brain dynamin I in a complex containing actin, tubulin and 14-3-3 isoforms. Paper-9136069. Transfection of mammalian cells with these intronless genes has confirmed the respective coupling of H1 and H2 receptors with phospholipase C and adenylylcyclase. Paper-8077794. However, the simultaneous ectopic expression of hemagglutinin-tagged HMGA2 and N-terminally EGFP-tagged histone H1 leads to significant SAHF formation (P < 0.001). Paper-12360438. Here we use TRPC3 as a model to show that IP(3) and the scaffold Homer 1 ( H1) regulate the rate of translocation and retrieval of TRPC3 from the PM. Paper-12282761. Using RT-PCR, comparison with CLIC1, CLIC2, CLIC3, and CLIC5 demonstrated that CLIC4 was unique by being up-regulated by TGF-beta1 in myofibroblasts. Paper-9528150. These stimulatory effects of histamine were completely inhibited by an H2 antagonist, famotidine, whereas H1 and H3 antagonists had no inhibitory effect whatsoever. Paper-2127201. Axon reflex flare and psychophysical ratings were assessed after injection of ET1 and codeine into the forearms after pre-treatment with an H1 blocker or sodium chloride. Paper-12837681. However, lower concentrations of histamine also caused mobilization of calcium that were totally abolished by pre-incubation with H1 but not H2 or H3 receptor antagonists. Paper-9430307. The chloride intracellular channel ( CLIC) family of proteins are unusual in that they can exist in either an integral membrane-channel form or a soluble form. Paper-12544650. The data imply a specific binding site for histamine trifluoromethyl toluidide derivative on lymphocytes that is different than the classic H1, H2 or H3 receptors. Paper-6688800. The mechanism of inhibition involves the cooperative binding of H1 peptides with tetrameric c-Myc-92 as determined by a spectrophotometric assay employing 2,4-dinitrophenyl- H1- F8A. Paper-8150453. Using specific histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, evidence is presented for the existence of both H1 and H2 receptors on human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Paper-5565081. These findings lead to the conclusion that CLIC4 and possibly other CLIC proteins have alternate cellular functions that are distinct from their proposed roles as chloride channels. Paper-10186569. We found that the low level of AFP production in huH-1/cl-2 is due to the action of at least two silencer regions located between the enhancer and the promoter of the AFP gene. Paper-6872949. With HCO3 solution, anoxic H1 efflux rate was approximately 50% of normoxia (0.333 vs. 0.645 mmol.l-1.min-1), but in TES solution, H1 efflux rate was unaffected by anoxia. Paper-927828. Estimates of the steady-state levels of H1- and H2-related mRNA by Northern blot analysis indicated that reduced ASGR expression was a result of a decrease in gene transcript number. Paper-99224. Chloride intracellular channel ( CLIC) proteins possess the remarkable property of being able to convert from a water-soluble state to a membrane channel state. Paper-12592797. In keratinocytes, CLIC4 resides in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, and CLIC4 gene expression is regulated by p53, TNF-alpha, and c-Myc. Paper-13360857. Its various actions are mediated not only by the two well known H1- and H2-receptor subclasses but also by the recently discovered H3-receptors, with distinct localization and pharmacology. Paper-5403792. After 24-h histamine treatment, known to desensitize H1 receptors, reapplication of histamine increased cell coupling in a way prevented by ranitidine, an H2 receptor blocker. Paper-10613257. Histone H1, which typically displaces HMGB1 from nucleosomal DNA, also binds concomitantly with HMGB1 to the heterochromatin of the silenced TNF-alpha promoter. Paper-13661543. These results newly identify Schnurri-2 and CLIC4 as modifiers of TGF-beta signalling through their stabilization of p-Smad2 and 3 in the nucleus. Paper-13826547. Therefore, in this study, we re-established the pRb-modulating function of RBP2- H1 in highly metastatic A375-SM melanoma cells by re-expressing its C-term (cRBP2-H1). Paper-12065509. The histamine effect was completely inhibited by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine (10(-6) mol/l), but not influenced by the H2 antagonist cimetidine (up to 10(-3) mol/l). Paper-7459352. However, other known or unknown intracellular signals, could also be triggered by the stimulation in a transfected cell of a single H1 or H2 receptor through coupling to different G-proteins. Paper-8077794. The antihistamine H1 agent levocabastine, which bears no structural relationship to NT, selectively and totally inhibited NT binding to its low affinity binding sites. Paper-5463497. Specific histamine receptor agonists or antagonists revealed that Ca2+ transients, actin polymerization, and chemotaxis of immature DCs were due to stimulation of H1 and H3 subtypes. Paper-9451637. Histamine, a ubiquitous cell-to-cell messenger, exerts its numerous actions through interaction with three pharmacologically distinct receptor subtypes, termed H1, H2 and H3. Paper-8077794. TGF-beta signalling is regulated by Schnurri-2-dependent nuclear translocation of CLIC4 and consequent stabilization of phospho-Smad2 and 3. Paper-13826547. The chemoattractant activity of histamine itself is not influenced by H1 or H2 receptor antagonists, thus it is possible that an eosinophil has a third type of histamine receptor. Paper-2882143. One of the clones, identified as CLIC4, a member of the CLIC family of chloride channels, was up-regulated more than 16 times in myofibroblasts and was therefore chosen for further analysis. Paper-9528150. Consistent with this, LNAFM0.3TK infection could sensitize huH-1/cl.2 cells, as well as HuH-7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells to GCV, but did not affect cell growth of nonhepatoma cells (HeLa). Paper-1983701. Some of them have been designed as highly potent and selective radioligands and have allowed to analyze the precise distribution of H1 and H2 receptors in various tissues including the brain. Paper-8077794. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Different NMR techniques were used: analyses of H-1 NMRD profiles, H-2 NMR relaxation rates, O-17 relaxation rates and chemical shifts, and P-31 relaxation rates and peak area. Paper-1109322. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analyses showed that TGF-beta- and IL-10- producing CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells are present in the lungs of infected mice. Paper-13229642. Staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked GVBD and the activation of M-phase-specific H1 kinase, whereas HA1004, which preferentially antagonizes protein kinase A, had no effect. Paper-7507445. While previous work determined that the C/ H1 zinc finger and KIX domains of CBP bind to SREBP-1a, we provide evidence that the interaction with C/ H1 is important for gene activation. Paper-10561280. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that CLIC4 and CLIC5 are concentrated within the apical region of the trophoblast, whereas CLIC1 is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Paper-8398044. Moreover, in vitro phosphorylation assays showed that CK2beta indirectly up-regulates the activity of CDK1 with respect to histone H1 phosphorylation by inhibiting Wee1 kinase. Paper-12915594. Mast cell degranulation and secretion of tryptase was partially, but not significantly, inhibited by pre-incubation with the histamine-1 receptor ( H1) blocker cetirizine. Paper-13327948. Results from spectral screening tests indicate that most H1 and H2 cells are maximally sensitive to orange light, whereas the H3 cells hyperpolarize maximally to green and depolarize maximally to red. Paper-11889321. In this study, we incorporated purified, recombinant mammalian CLIC1, CLIC4 and (for the first time) CLIC5 into planar lipid bilayers, and tested the hypothesis that the channels are regulated by actin. Paper-12641764. It has been previously shown that a 14-amino acid (aa) modified peptide (H1-S6A,F8A) derived from the helix 1 ( H1) carboxylic region of c-Myc can interfere in vitro with specific c-Myc DNA binding. Paper-1547702. Like virtually all endocytic receptors, the human asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor is phosphorylated by protein kinase C at serine residues within the cytoplasmic domains of its two subunits H1 and H2. Paper-7537784. These studies suggest that CLIC1, CLIC4, and CLIC5 play distinct roles in chloride transport and that CLIC5 interacts with the cortical actin cytoskeleton in polarized epithelial cells. Paper-8398044. Both of the H1 receptor- expressed CHO cells and C6-glioma cells were over 10 times more sensitive to histamine than astrocytoma 1321N1 cells in which H1 receptors were naturally present. Paper-1760129. By immunoprecipitation, the C-terminal fragment-beta (CTFbeta) of amyloid precursor protein interacted with the N-terminal half of AQP1 spanning the transmembrane helices H1, H2 and H3. Paper-12963346. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by HTMT in both types of cells was competitively antagonized by high concentrations of histamine but not by classic histamine receptor antagonists ( H1, H2, or H3). Paper-7759030. The effect was reproduced by the H1 agonists 2-methylhistamine and 2-pyridylethylamine, but not by the H2 agonists 4-methylhistamine and dimaprit, suggesting the involvement of an H1 receptor. Paper-5876191. Northern blot analysis showed that p64H1 is expressed abundantly in brain and retina, whereas the other members of this family (e.g., p64 and NCC27) are expressed only at low levels in these tissues. Paper-1804713. Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 ( CLIC1) functions as an anion channel in plasma and nuclear membranes when its soluble monomeric form converts to an integral-membrane form. Paper-13964151. The silencer, a negative cis-acting element of the AFP gene, was highly activated in huH-1 and HepG2 to repress AFP enhancer activity by 91%, whereas only 26% repression was observed in HuH-7. Paper-9354226. The increase in intracellular calcium concentration by this compound was competitively antagonized by high concentrations of histamine but not by classic histamine receptor antagonists ( H1, H2 or H3). Paper-6688800. We investigated mechanisms regulating expression of alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP) in 3 human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7, HepG2, and huH-1, producing high, medium, and low levels of AFP, respectively. Paper-9354226. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have seen the cloning of the H2-receptor gene from canine parietal cells, and the structural identification and cloning of the H1- and H3-receptors should soon follow. Paper-7524979. We tested several known agonists and antagonists for the histamine binding site of H1- H4 receptors and described for beta channels a unique pharmacological profile distinct from either of these receptors. Paper-12763020. In this study, we were able to investigate the capability of the minor ASGP-R subunit, H2, to function independently of H1, because it was apparently stabilized by fusing its NH(2) terminus with an epitope tag. Paper-9170389. There is a second set of genes, consisting of 39 genes, containing two histone H1 genes, 34 genes encoding core histone proteins (H2a, H2b, H3 and H4) and three genes expressed only in the testis. Paper-12345048. In contrast, cytokines secreted by Th2 cells (e.g. IL-10) are known to inhibit activation and proliferation of Th1 cells and the secretion of IFN-gamma, lysosomal enzymes and metalloproteinases. Paper-11011199. The DC- ASGPR represents long and short isoforms of human macrophage lectin, a Ca(2+)-dependent type II transmembrane lectin displaying considerable homology with the H1 and H2 subunits of the hepatic ASGPR. Paper-9090286. The effects of 15-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (aODNs) specifically designed against the RNAs of either of two closely related Na(+) channel isoforms, hSkM1 or hH1, were tested in human myotubes. Paper-8537281. Cytoplasmic CLIC4 translocates to the nucleus in response to cellular stress conditions including DNA damage, metabolic inhibition, senescence, and exposure to certain trophic factors such as TNF-alpha and LPS. Paper-13360857. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude and determinants of weight loss in humans exposed to betahistine, a centrally acting histamine-1 ( H-1) agonist and partial histamine-3 ( H-3) antagonist. Paper-13030033. Point mutation of i3 PKC sites Ser228/229Gly rendered the dopamine D(2S) receptor resistant to PKC action, with lesser effects of other Ser and Thr mutations. Paper-12586756. METHODS: The percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells among the general T-cell population was determined by fluorescent intracellular cytokine staining (IFN-gamma and IL-10, out of the total CD3 positive cells). Paper-11011199. These results suggest that the histamine-induced Ca2+ entry requires the continuous binding of histamine to the H1 receptors and is regulated by prostaglandins, which are probably produced due to the H1 receptor activation. Paper-1738097. Histamine-induced sequestration of H1 receptors from the cell surface membrane was detected as the loss of [3H]mepyramine binding sites on intact cells accessible to the hydrophilic H1-receptor antagonist pirdonium. Paper-1653716. CaM binding of peptides derived from the third intracellular loop ( i3) of mu opioid receptor (MOR) was confirmed and the CaM-binding motif refined. Paper-11037219. BACKGROUND: Mutations in the gene encoding the human cardiac Na(+) channel alpha-subunit ( hH1) are responsible for chromosome 3- linked congenital long-QT syndrome ( LQT3) and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF). Paper-2102461. Furthermore, these three ligands, but not the 80 kDa fragment or a synthetic peptide ( H1) containing a sequence from Hep II shown to bind alpha 4 beta 1, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110 kDa protein. Paper-954246. Since RanBP7 specifies a key member of nuclear transport receptors responsible for the nuclear import of histone H1 and ribosomal proteins, we investigated whether this up-regulation might be proliferation-associated. Paper-8504948. The localization of CLIC4 to the cortical actin cytoskeleton and its association with AKAP350 at the centrosome and midbody suggests that CLIC4 may be important for regulating cytoskeletal organization during the cell cycle. Paper-10186569. To test the importance of serine residues for receptor traffic and function, we have mutated all the cytoplasmic serines of the two receptor subunits H1 (at positions 16 and 37) and H2 (at positions 12, 13, and 55) to alanines or glycines. Paper-6986086. Screening peptides derived from i3 loops of other GPCR families confirmed 5HT1A, and identified muscarinic receptor 3, and melanocortin receptor 1, as proteins carrying CaM-binding domains. Paper-11037219. Reduction of CLIC4 and several other CLIC family members by expressing a doxycycline- regulated CLIC4 antisense also causes apoptosis in squamous cancer cell lines. Paper-11250399. Beside plasma proteins, the media from HuH-7, HuH-6 cl-5, PLC/PRF/5, and huH-1 contained anti-carcinoembryonic antigen-reactive proteins, and those from PLC/PRF/5, huH-1, and huH-4 medium contained hepatitis B surface antigen. Paper-4023910. The simulations confirm that the hydrogen bonds between H1 and DNA act as a conformational switch and show that the presence of DNA is communicated from H1 to H4, destabilizing HI-1. Paper-13616050. In contrast to MCP-3/ CCL7, parvoviral delivery of MCP-2/ CCL8 into B78/ H1 melanoma failed to inhibit tumor growth, partially due to proteolytic cleavage into inactive MCP-2/ CCL8 missing five NH(2)-terminal residues. Paper-13667939. A total of six established human hepatoma-derived cell lines, including Hep3B, NPLC/PRF/5 (NPLC), Tong/ HCC, Hep 10, huH1, and huH2, were screened for their ability to accumulate significant quantities of lipoproteins in serum-free medium. Paper-6194689. Here we show that transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta) promotes the expression of CLIC4 and Schnurri-2 as well as their association in the cytoplasm and their translocation to the nucleus. Paper-13826547. Occupation of H1, H2, and H3 receptors, defined by pharmacological agents, is transduced by different intracellular messengers (Ca2+, cyclic nucleotides) into diverse effects such as secretion, contraction, or modulation of other secretagogues. Paper-7507150. The antigen combining site of BldsFv is a deep depression 10-A wide and 17-A long with the walls of the depression composed of residues, many of which are tyrosines, from complementarity determining regions L1, L3, H1, H2, and H3. Paper-1459807. The detected AAAF/ DDP-damaged-DNA- binding (AAAF/DDP-DDB) protein had a molecular mass of about 25 kDa and was distinct from histone H1 or HMGB proteins, which are known to have a high affinity for cis-DDP-damaged DNA. Paper-11463807. These histamine-induced effects were mimicked by the histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-(2-aminoethyl) thiazole dihydrochloride (10 microM) and blocked by the H1 antagonists pyrilamine (100 nM) or diphenhydramine (100 nM). Paper-1201037. The regulation of alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP) secretion and growth rate by various hormones in established human hepatoma (HuH-7, PLC/PRF/5, huH-1, huH-4, and KIM-1/c-4) and hepatoblastoma (HUH-6 Clone 5) cell lines was studied. Paper-4830217. This article describes an apparent inverse relationship between cell motility and intracellular Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of two human squamous carcinoma-derived clones, SAS- H1 with high invasiveness and SAS-L1 with low invasiveness. Paper-437683. Here, we determined IC and plasma pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and their relationship with plasma protein binding and P-glycoprotein ( P-gp, an active drug efflux transporter) expression. Paper-11514771. The dipolar energy between H1 and H4 was modulated by hydrogen bonds between H1 and DNA, and, in accordance with experiments, elimination of the hydrogen bonds increased the stability of HI-1. Paper-13616050. H1- but not H2- and H3-receptor antagonists inhibited HA-induced rises in [Ca2+]i. HA-induced rises in [Ca2+]i were desensitized in a homologous manner and were also inhibited by the activator of protein kinase C, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Paper-8050948. Three major types were found: a distal layer ( H1) of relatively small cells which were luminosity or L-type; a second and more proximal layer of larger L-type cells ( H2); and a third and yet more proximal layer of very stellate chromatic or C-type cells ( H3). Paper-11889321. Inactivation of the PKC pseudosubstrate motif in the dopamine D(2L) receptor sensitized the receptor to PKC, and this was reversed by mutation of i3 PKC sites Ser228/229. Paper-12586756. We conclude proinflammatory HMGB1 and structural nucleosome linker H1 couple as a component of the epigenetic complex that silences acute proinflammatory TNF-alpha during the assembly of heterochromatin in the SSI phenotype. Paper-13661543. Here, we report the novel findings that intracellular high mobility group box 1 protein ( HMGB1) and nucleosome linker histone H1 protein are necessary components of endotoxin- mediated silencing of TNF-alpha in THP-1 human promonocytes. Paper-13661543. Moreover, HMGB1- and H1-mediated chromatin modifications are gene specific during endotoxin silencing in that they also bind and repress acute proinflammatory IL-1beta, while no binding nor repression of antiinflammatory IkappaBalpha is observed. Paper-13661543. We have recently reported a progressive deficiency of the retinoblastoma-binding protein 2-homolog 1 ( RBP2- H1) in advanced and metastatic melanomas in vivo, suggesting a role of RBP2- H1 in loss of pRb-mediated control. Paper-12065509. We used high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry techniques to determine ddA-TP and TFV-DP IC levels in HIV-infected patients cotreated with both drugs, in comparison with patients treated with just one of the two drugs. Paper-11193714. Terfenadine potentiation of NMDA receptor response was mimicked by other H1 antagonists, including chlorpheniramine (25 microM), oxatomide (20 microM), and triprolidine (50 microM), was prevented by histamine (1 mM), and did not require RNA synthesis. Paper-8668784. In H1, H2, and H3 cells, the outward current, carried by K+, consisted of two components: a transient current (IA), blockable with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), or intracellular cesium and a sustained current that could be blocked with TEA. Paper-5275255. We cloned partial cDNAs of genes belonging to the Dicer family from the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis and two distantly related haplotypes (species lineages) of the Placozoa (Trichoplax adhaerens 16S haplotype 1 [ H1] and Placozoa sp. [H2]). Paper-13768123. At serial times post-infection, lung cells were analysed for surface marker expression (CD3, CD4, CD25) and intracellular IL-10, TGF-beta, and interferon (IFN)-gamma production (following stimulation in vitro with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies). Paper-13229642. CLIC4 ( chloride intracellular channel 4), a multifunctional protein that traffics between the cytoplasm and nucleus, interacts with Schnurri-2, a transcription factor in the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signalling pathway. Paper-13826547. Elevation of CLIC4 is associated with signaling by PKCdelta, and knockdown of CLIC4 protein by antisense or shRNA prevents Ca(2+)- induced keratin 1, keratin 10 and filaggrin expression and cell cycle arrest in differentiating keratinocytes. Paper-13349093. These results suggest that ROS-initiated CLIC4 up-regulation is required for TGF-beta1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiaton in ovarian cancer, indicating that inhibiting the CLIC4 might have therapeutic potential targeting tumour stroma. Paper-13902984. To understand the molecular basis for this variation, we analyzed transcriptional regulatory activities associated with the 5'-flanking region of the AFP gene in two human hepatoma cell lines, HuH-7 and huH-1/cl-2, which produce a high and a low level of AFP, respectively. Paper-6872949. METHODS AND RESULTS: When expressed alone in Xenopus oocytes, T1620M exhibited no persistent currents, in contrast to the LQT3 mutant channels, but the midpoint of steady-state inactivation (V(1/2)) was significantly shifted toward more positive potentials than for wild-type hH1. Paper-2102461. Focusing on the C-terminus of the third intracellular loop ( IC3), previously shown to be important for Galpha(s) activation by PTH1R, the structure of this region, PTH1R(402-408), while bound to Galpha(s), was determined by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Paper-12385670. Despite greater ischemia in Clic4(-/-) mice, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and angiopoietin-2 increased less compared to wild-type, suggesting CLIC4 exerts influences upstream of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha- VEGF signaling. Paper-13867741. H1 but not H2 antagonists inhibited histamine- and betahistine-induced rises in [Ca2+]i. fMet-Leu-Phe and histamine activated phospholipase C and increased [Ca2+]i through release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and sustained influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Paper-7302107. Conditioned medium from ovarian cancer cells (CM) or transforming growth factor-beta1 ( TGF-beta1) increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in fibroblasts, which initiated up-regulation of CLIC4 expression, then resulted in myofibroblast conversion. Paper-13902984. H1-agonists ( histamine and 2-methylhistamine) caused a transient rise of [Ca2+], and H1-antagonists ( pyrilamine and doxepin) inhibited the histamine- induced [Ca2+]i rise more potently than the H2-antagonist ( cimetidine) on the H3-antagonist ( impromidine). Paper-802488. Further work will continue toward enhancing our understanding of the control by histamine of intracellular signaling via H1- and H2-receptors, and the rapid explosion of work on the H3-receptor should begin to unravel the mechanisms underlying its actions, perhaps via effects on ionic channels. Paper-6839702. The H1 promotor and double Bbs I restrict endoenzyme site were cloned from plasmid psiRNA-hH1neo and reconstructed them into plasmid pEGFP-C1 in the Mlu I restrict endoenzymic site, forming plasmid pEGFP-H1/siRNA, which contained Bbs site and reporter EGFP gene. Paper-12414359. The histamine-induced increase in intracellular calcium was not blocked by the H1 or H2 antagonists pyrilamine or cimetidine (10(-4) M), respectively; however, the response to 10(-6) M histamine was completely blocked by the specific H3 antagonist thioperamide (10(-6) M). Paper-7392532. These results are in good agreement with several experimental evidences, according to which the isolated H1 peptide adopts very rapidly in water beta-sheet structure, leading to amyloid fibril precipitates [Nguyen et al., Biochemistry 1995;34:4186-4192; Inouye et al., J Struct Biol 1998;122:247-255]. Paper-10977670. Dopamine D(2S) and dopamine D(2L) receptors are alternately-spliced variants that differ by 29 amino acids in the third intracellular ( i3) domain and display different sensitivity to desensitization by protein kinase C ( PKC). Paper-12586756. In addition to the centrosome and midbody, CLIC4 colocalizes with AKAP350 and the tight junction protein ZO-1 in the apical region of polarized epithelial cells, suggesting that CLIC4 may play a role in maintaining apical-basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. Paper-10186569. RESULTS: We identified two copies each of the core histone H2a, H2b and H3 genes, and three copies of the H4 gene, at separate locations on chromosomes 3, 4 and 5 within the genome of Giardia intestinalis, but no gene encoding a H1 linker histone could be recognized. Paper-13238626. We then examined whether H1 receptors were up-regulated in various areas of the rat brain after 2 G hypergravity load, because the stimulation of H1 receptor was reported to up-regulate the level of H1 receptor protein expression through augmentation of H1 receptor mRNA expression. Paper-13550429. Chromatin reimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that HMGB1 and H1 are likely recruited to TNF-alpha sequences independently and that their binding correlates with histone H3K9 dimethylation, as inhibition of histone methylation blocks HMGB1 and H1 binding. Paper-13661543. Recently we defined a pool of intracellular H1 subunits of the asialoglycoprotein receptor ( ASGPR) in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 which appeared not to be involved in endocytosis (Stoorvogel, W., Geuze, H. J., Griffith, J. M., Schwartz, A. L., and Strous, G. J. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 2137-2148). Paper-6960460. In the intermediate and low AFP- producing human hepatoma cells PLC/PRF/5 and huH1/cl.2, respectively, as well as in the high AFP-producing human hepatoma cells (HepG2), LNAF0.3(E+)TK sensitized these cells to GCV in vitro but did not affect cell growth in nonhepatoma cells (HeLa). Paper-1680952. Collectively, the present study shows that histamine induced [Ca2+]i transients in PC3 human prostate cancer cells by stimulating H1 histamine receptors leading to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent manner, and by inducing Ca2+ entry. Paper-9116310. In this minireview, we discuss some of the most recent findings on eukaryotic RNases H1 and H2, focusing on the structural data on complexes between human RNase H1 and RNA/DNA hybrids that had provided great detail of how the hybrid binding- and RNase H-domains recognize and cleave the RNA strand of the hybrid substrates. Paper-13653055. From the real-time PCR quantifications, we found that the altered expression of caldesmon 1 isoform 5, nucleophosmin 1, esterase D and chloride intracellular channel 4 were well matched both at the transcriptional and translational levels, and this suggested that these proteins may have important involvement with the pathogenesis of AD. Paper-13250427. GFAP- IL6 mice showed an increase in genes associated with the inflammatory response both at 1 dpl (Iftm1, Endod1) and 4 dpl ( Gfap, C4b), decreased expression of proapoptotic genes (i.e. Gadd45b, Clic4, p21) as well as reduced expression of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress ( Atf4). Paper-12698248. These two drugs are, respectively, nucleoside and nucleotide analogues of adenosine and efficiently inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) reverse transcriptase when transformed to their triphosphate moieties in the intracellular ( IC) medium (ddA-TP and TFV-DP, respectively). Paper-11193714. We previously reported that the retroviral vector (LNAFW0.3TK) expressing the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene under the control of the 0.3 kb human alpha-fetoprotein ( AFP) promoter provided the ganciclovir (GCV)-mediated cytotoxicity in the high AFP-producing (HuH-7) but not in the low AFP-producing ( huH-1/cl.2) human hepatoma cells. Paper-1983701. The expression of N-terminally enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged histone H1 induces premature senescence phenotypes, including increased levels of phosphorylated p53, p21, and hypophosphorylated Rb, and a decrease in the chromatin-bound endogenous histone H1 level but not in p16 level accumulation or SAHF formation. Paper-12360438. These synonyms are used for gene CLIC4 (chloride intracellular channel 4): P64H1, p64H1, MTCLIC, Intracellular chloride ion channel protein p64H1, huH1, H1, FLJ38640, DKFZP566G223, DKFZp566G223, CLIC4L, Chloride intracellular channel protein 4. These accession numbers are used for gene CLIC4: Q9NVF8 (UNIPROT__AC), CAB55916 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), B4DWC4 (UNIPROT__AC), AAD38446 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC). CLIC4 is a homologue of CLIC4 (chloride intracellular channel 4) from Pan troglodytes. CLIC4 is a homologue of CLIC4 (chloride intracellular channel 4) from Gallus gallus. CLIC4 is a homologue of CLIC4 (chloride intracellular channel 4) from Canis lupus familiaris. CLIC4 is a homologue of Clic4 (chloride intracellular channel 4 (mitochondrial)) from Mus musculus. CLIC4 is a homologue of Clic4 (chloride intracellular channel 4 (mitochondrial)) from Rattus norvegicus. CLIC4 is a homologue of clic4 (chloride intracellular channel 4) from Danio rerio. Important links ! iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins . Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.