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The tissue distribution of XDH activity in all the strains was normal. Paper-4510945.
rosy Function Is Required for Juvenile Hormone Effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-12695780.
Molecular population genetics of Xdh and the evolution of base composition in Drosophila. Paper-9602558.
Molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Drosophila saltans species group inferred from the Xdh gene. Paper-8338709.
Molybdenum hydroxylases in Drosophila. III. Further characterization of the low xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Paper-5452185.
Effect of adenine metabolites on survival of Drosophila melanogaster of low xanthine dehydrogenase activity. Paper-7320058.
Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Paper-2536875.
Inhibition of XDH activity phenocopied the ry null mutant's insensitivity to JH. Paper-12695780.
The amino acid composition of mouse xanthine oxidase is quite similar to that of Drosophila xanthine dehydrogenase. Paper-6679502.
Wild-type ry rescued the JH sensitivity of the abdominal epidermis in ry(506) mutants. Paper-12695780.
Spastic evolution of Xdh appears to be related to the particularities of the genomes in which the locus is embedded. Paper-8898372.
Here we report such data from the protein-coding region of xanthine dehydrogenase ( Xdh) in 22 species of Drosophila. Paper-9602558.
The rosy position effect on XDH production may be assayed in whole larvae and larval fat body tissue as well as in adults. Paper-4791622.
We present here two nucleotide sequences, from two different alleles encoding xanthine dehydrogenase in Calliphora vicina. Paper-6166341.
We show that urate-null mutants of the ry locus are hypersensitive to paraquat, ionizing radiation, and hyperoxia. Paper-7522160.
A partially purified preparation of XDH crossreacting material from ma--1 was also shown to contain the molybdenum cofactor. Paper-3727418.
Gene expression in Drosophila: post-translational modification of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase. Paper-3334672.
We have identified an intron position that was gained independently in animals and plants in the xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Paper-9732635.
Divergence of the nucleotide sequences encoding xanthine dehydrogenase in Calliphora vicina and Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-6166341.
The effects of molybate, tungstate and lxd on aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-3936241.
Drosophila XDH exhibits ordered binding for substrate and NAD+, analogous to the corresponding enzymes from vertebrate sources. Paper-2684591.
Response of the wild type and low xanthine dehydrogenase strains of Drosophila melanogaster to adenine resistance selection. Paper-5457385.
Three lines of evidence are presented demonstrating that XDH is sequestered within specific vacuoles, the type II pigment granules. Paper-7086790.
Sequential polyacrylamide electrophoresis has revealed 20 allozymes of xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH) in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Paper-7330920.
Implications regarding pterin incorporation into xanthine dehydrogenase and in relation to other molybdenum enzymes are discussed. Paper-682969.
Rosy position effect variants exhibit a variegated phenotype with respect to xanthine dehydrogenase activity in malpighian tubules. Paper-4726974.
The control of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities and CRM levels by the mal locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-4214354.
These include rosy eye color mutants which exhibit interallelic complementation, and mutants with normal eye color but lowered levels of XDH. Paper-2641857.
We isolated cDNAs encoding xanthine dehydrogenase ( XD; xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.204) from a human liver cDNA library. Paper-7634614.
Amplification of a xanthine dehydrogenase gene is associated with insecticide resistance in the common house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Paper-1254301.
Xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH) mRNA levels were measured in a number of mutants and natural variants affecting XDH gene expression. Paper-4709112.
Molybdenum hydroxylases in Drosophila. II. Molybdenum cofactor in xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and pyridoxal oxidase. Paper-3727418.
We conclude that the lack of xanthine dehydrogenase in these mutants leads to the absence of urate, which is the proximate cause of paraquat sensitivity. Paper-7687889.
The effects of cinnamon on xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and pyridoxal oxidase activity during development in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-2641252.
On the molecular map, they represent large insertions approximately 2.7 kb apart in the second and third exons, respectively, of the XDH coding region. Paper-5818041.
After treatment of developing cultures with a 6-mM purine solution, only those individuals possessing 25% or greater XDH activity survive to eclosion. Paper-4256251.
AO and XDH activity and AO-CRM levels appear much more sensitive to mutational perturbations of this gene-enzyme than do XDH-CRM levels in the genotypes tested. Paper-3936241.
The complete nucleotide sequence of human XD was determined; the deduced amino acid sequence encoded a protein of 1336 amino acid residues of M(r) 147,782. Paper-7634614.
Three of the proteins involved were purified by immunoadsorption: xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine dehydrogenase cross-reacting material and aldehyde oxidase. Paper-2636851.
We report here an in vivo investigation of the oxygen defense role of uric acid through an analysis of mutants of the rosy ( ry) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-7522160.
Transformed flies with ry+ eye phenotype and increased resistance to purine were obtained, showing that the chimeric XDH is physiologically active in Drosophila. Paper-6904090.
This RNA exhibited tissue-specific distribution that may be pertinent to XD- and XO-mediated oxygen radical injury in ischemia/ reperfusion and inflammation. Paper-7634614.
The four loci were selected so that they code for functionally related enzymes; two code for esterases, one for xanthine dehydrogenase and one for acetaldehyde oxidase. Paper-2518178.
Furazolidone, 4-NAO, ZK 26.173, ZK 25.095 and furaltadone were tested in mal and cin strains, both of which lack xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. Paper-4213976.
Acrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase in sixty isochromosomal lines of Drosophila persimilis from three geographic populations. Paper-2536874.
Recent crystal structures of xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase and related enzymes have paved the way for a detailed structural and functional analysis of these enzymes. Paper-9370345.
Tungstate administration results in increased frequencies of "brown-eyed" flies in lxd stocks and a coordinate decrease in AO and XDH activities in all genotypes tested. Paper-3936241.
The molecular weight of the encoded protein ( xanthine dehydrogenase), based on the amino acid translation, is 146,898 daltons which agrees well with earlier biophysical estimates. Paper-5510312.
CcXDH is closely related to other insect XDHs and is able to rescue the phenotype of the Drosophila melanogaster XDH mutant, rosy, in germline transformation experiments. Paper-10721436.
Xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH) is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family of enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Paper-10721436.
Examination of enzyme activity in electrophoretic gels of appropriate heterozygous genotypes demonstrates the cis-acting nature of this variation in the number of molecules of XDH. Paper-3376766.
The present report focuses on the gene lxd ('low xanthine dehydrogenase'), which lies in a region of chromosome III identified by QTL-mapping as potentially important for lifespan. Paper-9299651.
This sequence has been shown to be unique, polymorphic, and it maps on chromosome I. Sequence comparisons provide compelling evidence that it belongs to the XDH gene of Calliphora. Paper-5647975.
The aldox-2 locus in Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to affect differentially three molybdoenzymes, aldehyde oxidase, pyridoxal oxidase, and xanthine dehydrogenase. Paper-5134720.
The ry gene is the structural gene for the molybdoenzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase; xanthine dehydrogenase-null ry mutants are therefore unable to synthesize urate. Paper-7522160.
A previously identified medfly mutant, termed rosy, whose phenotype is suggestive of a disruption in XDH function, has been examined for possible mutations in the XDH gene. Paper-10721436.
Role and oxidation state of the pterin molybdenum cofactor of molybdenum enzymes: studies of a Drosophila melanogaster xanthine dehydrogenase (rosy) variant, G1011E. Paper-582904.
Maroon-like homozygotes are completely deficient for xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (AO), however, ma-l is not a structural locus for either enzyme. Paper-3334672.
We induced 376 new mutations with 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) and screened them to isolate those that reduced the amount of XDH protein produced, but did not change the properties of the enzyme. Paper-5510311.
Nutritional control of xanthine dehydrogenase. II. Effects on xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase of culturing wild-type and mutant Drosophila on different levels of molybdenum. Paper-2401195.
The effects of dietary sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate on eye color and aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities have been determined in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-3936241.
Xanthine dehydrogenase, a molybdenum, iron-sulfur flavoenzyme encoded in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster by the rosy gene, has been characterised both from the wild-type and mutant files. Paper-682969.
Experiments are described that fail to relate this phenotype to alteration in the structure of the XDH peptide, but clearly associate this character with variation in number of molecules of XDH per fly. Paper-3376766.
Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase from wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and immunologically cross-reacting material from ma-1 mutants. Purification by immunoadsorption and characterization. Paper-2636851.
Two other alleles exhibit a wild-type eye color in homozygous stock and one of these is "leaky", exhibiting some 50% of the XDH activity normally found in Oregon-R control flies and some 12% of the AO activity. Paper-4214354.
The method employs the maroon-like (ma-1) gene and depends on the known hypersensitivity of ma-1 flies lacking xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH) activity to killing by treatments with aqueous purine solutions. Paper-4256251.
D. melanogaster appears to exhibit as much polymorphism at this locus as other extensively studied Drosophila species.--No evidence for loci on the X or second chromosomes which modified XDH mobility was found. Paper-4503031.
The estimated rate of gene transfer by gene conversion at this region, which is close to an inversion breakpoint, is lower than previous estimates obtained experimentally at the rosy ( ry) gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Paper-140504.
The effects of this locus on aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and pyridoxal oxidase suggest that this locus may code for a product involved in the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor common to these enzymes. Paper-5134720.
Genetic evidence suggests that the Drosophila loci, ma--1, cin and lxd are concerned with this cofactor because mutants for any one of these loci simultaneously interrupt activity for two molybdenum hydroxylases, XDH and A0. Paper-3727418.
As isolated and as present in crude extracts of the files, this xanthine dehydrogenase variant lacks activity to xanthine or pterin as reducing substrate, indicating an impairment of the functioning of its molybdenum centre. Paper-682969.
Human XD possessed many of the signature sequences typical of XDs from flies and rodents, including an unusual cysteine distribution, a potential 2Fe/2S binding site, and a putative molybdopterin cofactor binding domain. Paper-7634614.
By comparison with xanthine dehydrogenase it can be predicted that the molybdenum cofactor binds to the large subunit of CODH, the small subunit of CODH contains the iron-sulphur centers and the medium subunit binds FAD/ NAD+. Paper-8158937.
In a related study (T. P. Keith et al. 1987), the genomic and cDNA sequences are extended through the 3' end of the gene; the combined sequences define the processing pattern of the rosy transcript and predict the amino acid sequence of XDH. Paper-5510311.
Since the XDH and AO from complementary ma-l heterozygotes is more thermolabile and different in shape from wild type XDH and AO, we conclude that ma-l is involved in a post-translational modification of these enzymes. Paper-3334672.
While a series of observations failed to relate this phenotype to alteration in the structure of the XDH polypeptide, kinetic and immunological experiments did succeed in associating this character with variation in number of molecules of XDH/fly. Paper-2641858.
Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the hydroxylase class (such as xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase and nicotinate dehydrogenase) require a terminal sulphur atom attached to the molybdenum to hydroxylate their specific substrates. Paper-1898856.
An extra electrophoretic band of xanthine dehydrogenase was observed on polyacrylamide gel from extracts of wild-type flies cultured on certain levels of molybdenum, but its appearance was not always correlated with the increases in specific activity. Paper-2401195.
In addition to paraquat hypersensitivity, both alleles confer a maternally affected dark brown eye color and a complete lack of enzymatically active xanthine dehydrogenase, both of which are characteristic phenotypes of known maroon-like alleles. Paper-7687889.
We report here that the rosy ( ry) gene encoding the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase ( XDH), which catalyzes the final two-step oxidation in purine catabolism, is required for this effect of JH on the epidermis. Paper-12695780.
When homozygous, all lxd alleles simultaneously interrupt each of the molybdoenzyme activities to approximately the same levels: xanthine dehydrogenase, 25%; aldehyde oxidase, 12%; pyridoxal oxidase, 0%; and sulfite oxidase, 2% as compared to the wild type. Paper-5452185.
Histochemical and antibody staining of frozen sections, as well as thin layer chromatography studies of several adult genotypes serve to examine some of the factors and genic interactions that may be involved in transport of XDH, and in eye pigment formation. Paper-7086790.
The pleiotropic effect of the ma-1 mutation on the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster can most readily be explained by assuming that the enzymes share a subunit or cofactor whose synthesis is controlled by the ma-1 locus. Paper-2636851.
The rationale of our approach was to measure the response of urate-null ry mutants to extraordinary oxygen stress as imposed by exposure to radical-generating agents and as conferred by a genetic defect in superoxide dismutase, an established oxygen defense function. Paper-7522160.
There was complete concordance among the effects of aldox-2 on sulfite oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and pyridoxal oxidase, when 38 stocks were analyzed which were derived from single recombination events between c and px, markers which flank aldox-2. Paper-6156487.
Xanthine dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity by conventional procedures from the wild-type strain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as well as from a rosy mutant strain (E89----K, ry5231) known to carry a point mutation in the iron-sulfur domain of the enzyme. Paper-56574.
Its specific activity is indistinguishable from that of the enzyme purified from fruit flies [Doyle, Burke, Chovnick, Dutton, Whittle and Bray (1996) Eur. J. Biochem. 239, 782-795], and it appears to be more active than recombinant xanthine dehydrogenase produced with the baculovirus system. Paper-9370345.
Characterization of the control element variants reveals that, with respect to late third instar larval tissue distribution of XDH activity and cross-reacting material, i409H is associated with a large, tissue-specific increase in fat body which is not observed in malpighian tubules. Paper-4727287.
Two new mutants, deficient in aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, have been isolated from a wild-type stock of Drosophila melanogaster and have been provisionally termed lxd-c and lxd-d, respectively, as both mutants appear to be allelic with lxd (low xanthine dehydrogenase). Paper-2401195.
Larvae fed on hypoxanthine or xanthine showed a decreased JH sensitivity. ry(506) clones were sensitive to JH, indicating that ry is required non-cell autonomously for the JH effects. Paper-12695780.
Second chromosomes of D. melanogaster were isolated from a single natural population, and 40 were analyzed by gel-sieving electrophoresis for the presence of polymorphic loci on chromosome 2 that act to modify xanthine dehydrogenase and/or aldehyde oxidase, whose structural genes map to chromosome 3. Paper-3935724.
The extremely close similarity in frequency distributions of the alleles between populations for both the xanthine dehydrogenase and esterase-5 loci, despite differences in allele frequency distribution between loci, strongly emphasizes the importance of migration in influencing genic diversity in these populations. Paper-5055525.
An investigation, similar to our previously reported xanthine dehydrogenase study, was undertaken to examine the extent of hidden genic variation at nine loci (five larval proteins, three esterases and one aldehyde oxidase) by sequential application of various electrophoretic criteria employing pH, gel concentration and buffer variation. Paper-3315166.
Normally JH applied at pupariation causes the aberrant reexpression of the transcription factor broad in the abdominal epidermis during adult development, but in the ry(506) mutant most of the cells in the dorsal tergite showed no broad reexpression, indicating that ry is upstream of broad in the JH signaling pathway. Paper-12695780.
These synonyms are used for gene ry (rosy): XOR, Xdh/ry, XDH, Xdh, XD, Xanthine dehydrogenase, Protein rosy locus, Dmel\CG7642, CG7642.
These accession numbers are used for gene ry: Q9VFZ9 (UNIPROT__AC), Q8SXC4 (UNIPROT__AC), CAA68409 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), AAT94522 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC).
ry is a homologue of XDH2 (XDH2 (XXANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE 2); FAD binding / catalytic/ electron carrier/...) from Arabidopsis thaliana.
ry is a homologue of XDH1 (XDH1 (XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE 1); xanthine dehydrogenase) from Arabidopsis thaliana.
ry is a homologue of XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Homo sapiens.
ry is a homologue of XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Bos taurus.
ry is a homologue of XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Pan troglodytes.
ry is a homologue of XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Gallus gallus.
ry is a homologue of XDH (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Canis lupus familiaris.
ry is a homologue of Xdh (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Mus musculus.
ry is a homologue of Xdh (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Rattus norvegicus.
ry is a homologue of xdh (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Danio rerio.
ry is a homologue of Os03g0429800 (Os03g0429800) from Oryza sativa Japonica Group.
ry is a homologue of NCU03350 (xanthine dehydrogenase) from Neurospora crassa OR74A.
ry is a homologue of MGG_12738 (hypothetical protein) from Magnaporthe grisea 70-15.
ry is a homologue of F55B11.1 (hypothetical protein) from Caenorhabditis elegans.
ry is a homologue of AgaP_AGAP007918 (AGAP007918-PA) from Anopheles gambiae str. PEST.
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