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In addition, bone matrix showed intensive BMP-3 staining. Paper-8058835.
Initiation of bone development by osteogenin and promotion by growth factors. Paper-6249270.
Osteogenin and related BMPs initiate cartilage and bone formation in vivo. Paper-7378104.
RESULTS: Exogenous rhBMP-2 could promote the expression of BMP-3 in fibroblasts. Paper-9872218.
The expression of BMP-3 in fibroblasts was detected by immunohistochemistry. Paper-9872218.
Induction of bone in composites of osteogenin and porous hydroxyapatite in baboons. Paper-7519772.
Osteogenin initiates new bone formation and is promoted by other growth factors. Paper-7507435.
Native BMP-3 and recombinant BMP-4 bind type IV collagen of the basement membrane. Paper-7654124.
Reciprocal action between BMP-2 and BMP-3 in cultured fibroblast in vitro. Paper-9872218.
CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 and BMP-3 could reciprocally adjust the expression in fibroblasts. Paper-9872218.
Surprisingly, BMP-3 and -6 were found in osteoclasts at the sites of bone resorption. Paper-9684218.
However, no bone formation was observed in resorbable rods, even in the presence of osteogenin. Paper-7519772.
Lymphocyte testing was performed to assess development of an immune reaction to osteogenin. Paper-7028919.
The bone inductive protein, osteogenin, was isolated by heparin affinity chromatography. Paper-7507435.
BMP-3 localizes to neural ectoderm and later on in development to newly forming periosteum. Paper-6405100.
BMP3 transgenic mice displayed spontaneous rib fractures that were first detected at E17. Paper-13954705.
Expression and possible mechanisms of regulation of BMP3 in rat cranial sutures. Paper-11079857.
Osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein has been purified and the amino acid sequence determined. Paper-7069893.
Regulation of neural specification from human embryonic stem cells by BMP and FGF. Paper-13966621.
Osteogenin does not impair normal lymphocyte blastogenesis at 6 months postsurgical challenge. Paper-7028919.
Differentiation of bone occurred in nonresorbable hydroxyapatite rods, both osteogenin-treated and controls. Paper-7519772.
Opposing actions of BMP3 and TGF beta 1 in human bone marrow stromal cell growth and differentiation. Paper-1288900.
Additional defects were implanted with baboon demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or ICBM without osteogenin as control. Paper-7647541.
BMP and BMP receptor expression during murine organogenesis. Paper-13817900.
The remaining two defects were implanted with one disk of each hydroxyapatite preparation without osteogenin as control. Paper-7492831.
BMP-7 and CDMPs expression decreased in osteoarthritic articular cartilage whereas BMP-3 expression was absent. Paper-13547922.
Post-translational modifications of collagen upon BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation. Paper-13293935.
To optimize BMP-2 secretion, the molecular weight of the polymers and cell densities were varied. Paper-13187116.
Overexpression of BMP3 in the developing skeleton alters endochondral bone formation resulting in spontaneous rib fractures. Paper-13954705.
Silencing of endofin by RNAi resulted in a reduction in BMP-dependent Smad1 phosphorylation. Paper-12466233.
Freshly isolated granulosa cells were found to express BMP-3 (also known as osteogenin) mRNAs but not those of BMP-2 or -4. Paper-815362.
In vitro data indicate that osteogenin stimulates the expression of the osteogenic and chondrogenic phenotypes. Paper-7378104.
The sequences were similar to portions of the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA clone of bone morphogenetic protein-3 ( BMP-3). Paper-7378104.
Novel promoter and exon mutations of the BMPR2 gene in Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Paper-13895058.
Normal rat ventral prostate expressed all these BMP mRNAs, but the rat prostate adenocarcinoma PAIII expressed predominantly BMP 3 mRNA. Paper-8175892.
However, the mechanism by which RGM family members enhance BMP signaling remains unknown. Paper-13293014.
Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling is required for both bone development and angiogenesis. Paper-13853722.
The expression of BMP proteins in this autocrine loop is essential for Wnt-3A-induced osteoblast differentiation. Paper-10737351.
Sensitive cell lines express the central BMP pathway element SMAD4, whereas the resistant cell lines do not. Paper-12487055.
Osteogenin has been purified to homogeneity from bovine bone matrix and the sequences of several tryptic peptides have been determined. Paper-7378104.
Finally, the use of BMP led to a stable fusion construct within 6 months without encroachment on the spinal canal. Paper-13289517.
Osteogenin (bone morphogenic protein 3) inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation of osteoprogenitors in human bone marrow. Paper-8116264.
Later, Bmp2, Bmp3, Bmp4, and Bmp5 were detected in the perichondrium and in the adjacent mesenchyme. Paper-12331127.
However, how pluripotential epiblasts temporally and spatially respond to BMP signals to form PGCs remains unclear. Paper-10792081.
This study shows BMP3, EYA2, ALX4, and vimentin genes are methylated in most colorectal neoplasms but rarely in normal epithelia. Paper-12646280.
BMP signaling pathway is required for commitment of C3H10T1/2 pluripotent stem cells to the adipocyte lineage. Paper-13926085.
The neural ectoderm of vertebrates forms when the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling pathway is suppressed. Paper-14018810.
GDF-10 also shows significant homology to BMP-3 (approximately 30% amino acid sequence identity) in the pro- region of the molecule. Paper-593668.
Simultaneous addition of 2.5 ng/ml osteogenin and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (10(-8) M) enhanced the stimulation observed in osteocalcin synthesis. Paper-8116264.
Rostral paraxial mesoderm regulates refinement of the eye field through the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) pathway. Paper-13802185.
Sustained BMP Signaling in Osteoblasts Stimulates Bone Formation by Promoting Angiogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation. Paper-13853722.
Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays demonstrated direct Nov- BMP interactions. Paper-13300799.
To further understand how BMP3 mediates bone formation, we created transgenic mice overexpressing BMP3 using the type I collagen promoter. Paper-13954705.
Of further interest is the finding that MEPE, OPN, DSPP, DMP1, IBSP, and BMP3 all map to a defined region in chromosome 4q. Paper-8576514.
OBJECTIVES: Periodontal regeneration under application of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) is compromised by ankylosis. Paper-10752635.
Apoptosis at this later stage can be prevented, and BMP-induced regeneration can be further induced by inhibition of p38. Paper-12650170.
Together, these findings indicate that the BMP/Smad signaling pathway has a dominant role in adipocyte lineage determination. Paper-13926085.
Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors. Paper-12485754.
Moreover, functional BMP signaling, demonstrated by the expression of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, is present in the enteric ganglia. Paper-10802370.
This diverged regulation of thyroid BMP system by TSH is most likely due to the reduction of ALK-6 expression caused by TSH. Paper-10792311.
Active osteoblasts showed fairly consistent positive staining for all BMPs that were examined, with the immunoreactivity most intense for BMP-7 and BMP-3. Paper-9986964.
Bmp signaling promotes intermediate mesoderm gene expression in a dose-dependent, cell-autonomous and translation-dependent manner. Paper-11305016.
Osteogenin was isolated from demineralized baboon bone matrix and purified by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and Sephacryl S-200. Paper-7464434.
These results demonstrate that osteogenin and BMP-2B alone are capable of stimulating and maintaining the chondrocyte phenotype in vitro. Paper-7507829.
Our study also suggests that BMP antagonists are candidate signaling components that make up the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche. Paper-12485754.
BMP signaling is necessary for neural crest cell migration and ganglion formation in the enteric nervous system. Paper-10802370.
Skin keratinocytes pre-treated with embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium or BMP4 can be directed to an alternative cell lineage. Paper-12484301.
Bone-specific differentiation was observed to occur earlier in the pores of spherical hydroxyapatite implants enhanced with osteogenin within the rabbit socket. Paper-8382694.
Conclusions: The width of residual bone was one of the clinical host factors that affected bone regeneration following BMP implantation. Paper-13815490.
Activated TAK1 also interferes with BMP-dependent osteogenic development in murine mesenchymal progenitor cells (C3H10T 1/2). Paper-10740130.
Osteogenin and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2B are chemotactic for human monocytes and stimulate transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA expression. Paper-7514717.
Bone marrow stromal cells express mRNA and protein for BMP-3, -4, and -7 but not for BMP-2, -5, and -6 from the first to the eighth week of culture. Paper-10511772.
CONCLUSIONS: BMP3 is expressed in rat cranial sutures in a temporal pattern suggesting involvement in cranial suture patency and fusion. Paper-11079857.
These data support a role for modulators of the BMP signaling pathway in treating diseases of iron overload and anemia of chronic disease. Paper-13301937.
Xenogeneic osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, and demineralized bone matrices, including human, induce bone differentiation in athymic rats and baboons. Paper-7090205.
By 7d PR, it induces apoptosis by activating p38 (a noncanonical BMP pathway) and down-regulating FGF signaling (by both MAPK and AKT pathways). Paper-12650170.
BMP inhibition also leads to hypoganglionosis and failure of enteric ganglion formation, with crest cells unable to cluster into aggregates. Paper-10802370.
Reconstruction of the bone--bone marrow organ by osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, and demineralized bone matrix in calvarial defects of adult primates. Paper-7647541.
Collagen-targeted BMP3 fusion proteins arrayed on collagen matrices or porous ceramics impregnated with Type I collagen enhance osteogenesis in a rat cranial defect model. Paper-9530379.
Initiation of heterotopic osteogenesis in primates after chromatographic adsorption of osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, onto porous hydroxyapatite. Paper-7890340.
The bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling pathway plays an essential role during gastrointestinal (GI) tract development in vertebrates. Paper-11087602.
Foxc1 integrates Fgf and Bmp signalling independently of twist or noggin during calvarial bone development. Paper-10752354.
A single point mutation of endofin (F872A) disrupts interaction between the catalytic subunit pp1c and sensitizes BMP signaling in vitro. Paper-13853722.
We highlight recent studies suggesting the evolutionary conservation of BMP target gene regulation signaling by Schnurri family zinc finger proteins. Paper-13817698.
Osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, adsorbed on porous hydroxyapatite substrata, induces rapid bone differentiation in calvarial defects of adult primates. Paper-7492831.
Interestingly, Bmp3 was uniquely expressed postnatally in the resting zone of the synchondrosis growth center, suggesting a role in the regulation of cranial base growth. Paper-12331127.
Osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, in conjunction with insoluble collagenous bone matrix initiates local endochondral bone differentiation by induction in vivo. Paper-7492831.
BMP regulates hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) specification during development, while TGF-beta1, 2 and 3 are not essential for the generation of HSCs. Paper-10751970.
We provide several lines of evidence to suggest that SMOC acts downstream of the BMP receptor via MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of the Smad linker region. Paper-13872891.
The TGF-beta/ BMP pathway has been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy, which has some features in common with sickle cell nephropathy. Paper-13114473.
Induction of initial cardiomyocyte alpha-actin--smooth muscle alpha-actin--in cultured avian pregastrula epiblast: a role for nodal and BMP antagonist. Paper-11154962.
OBJECTIVE: To explore reciprocal action between BMP-2 ( bone morphogenetic protein-2) and BMP-3 for better understanding of the mechanism of BMP during bone fracture union. Paper-9872218.
Many reviews have addressed events downstream of BMP-receptor binding but few deal with molecular cascades involved in BMP-2-induced osteogenesis. Paper-11322894.
The bone inductive activity, termed osteogenin, can be dissociatively extracted, and it was isolated by heparin affinity, hydroxyapatite and molecular sieve chromatography. Paper-7378104.
The influence of osteogenin, purified from bovine bone, and of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2B ( BMP-2B) has been examined in bovine articular cartilage explants. Paper-7507829.
These results establish the potential therapeutic application of osteogenin and demineralized bone matrix for the architectural reconstruction of the bone-bone marrow organ in humans. Paper-7647541.
Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor gene ( BMPR2) are the major genetic cause of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH). Paper-10760560.
Our results suggest transient activation of Smad signaling pathways in initial MCTP endothelial cell toxicity, and a persistent dysregulation of BMP signaling. Paper-13183237.
Test substances (either simvastatin low- or high dosed or BMP-2) were incorporated into a biodegradable layer of poly(d,l-lactide). Paper-13922729.
The BMP type I receptors, ALK-2 (ActRIA), -3 (BMPRIA), and -6 (BMPRIB), were expressed in porcine thyrocytes, while ALK-6 was not detected in human thyroid. Paper-10792311.
Furthermore, BMP3 is regulated in calvarial osteoblasts by recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 2 and by paracrine signaling from dura mater. Paper-11079857.
Histomorphometry on decalcified sections prepared on days 30 and 90 showed superior osteogenesis in osteogenin-treated nonresorbable hydroxyapatite specimens as compared with controls. Paper-7492831.
Treatment of human bone marrow osteoprogenitors with osteogenin ( BMP-3; at 1, 2.5 and 10 ng/ml) caused dose- and time-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Paper-8116264.
Inhibition of BMP activity by noggin misexpression within the developing gut, both in ovo and in vitro, inhibits normal migration of enteric neural crest cells. Paper-10802370.
Moreover, expression of OASIS in osteoblasts is induced by BMP2 ( bone morphogenetic protein 2), the signalling of which is required for bone formation. Paper-14022292.
Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling regulates many different biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and embryogenesis. Paper-13363249.
The activation of BMP signaling in EBs was confirmed by the increase in the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and by the nuclear localization of phospho-Smad1/5/8 and Smad4. Paper-13806468.
Members of the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) and T-box gene families play several critical roles in the early embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Paper-13947977.
Ankylosis disappearance following application of BMP has been observed in the case of a small defect, which might be beneficial change for periodontal regeneration. Paper-10752635.
We examined approximately 175 haplotype tagging (ht) SNPs in about 70 genes of the TGFbeta/ BMP pathway for their association with GFR using linear regression. Paper-13114473.
This review presents functional data on TGF-beta1 in cartilage formation, BMP2 and BMP3 in bone formation, and a role of the BMP-regulatory protein noggin in BMP2 processing. Paper-9929885.
These data suggest that although BMP-3 has been isolated from bone matrix, it may have additional regulatory roles in the morphogenesis and/or function of human lung, kidney, and intestine. Paper-8058835.
In endothelial cells, HSP70 enhanced BMP-4-induced proliferation and tube formation, and in calcifying vascular cells, HSP70 enhanced BMP-induced calcium deposition. Paper-13984658.
We have shown previously that the winged helix transcription factor Foxc1, which is necessary for calvarial bone development, is required for the Bmp regulation of Msx2. Paper-10752354.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the ability of BMP and basic FGF to enhance the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in lumbar arthrodesis. Paper-13212090.
Simvastatin locally applied from a biodegradable coating of osteosynthetic implants improves fracture healing comparable to BMP-2 application. Paper-13922729.
No other BMP stimulated erythroid colony development under these conditions, while BMP-3, BMP-7 (P<0.01), BMP-5, and BMP-6 (P<0.05) stimulated granulocyte/ monocyte colony formation. Paper-9398479.
Pathway analysis indicated that the transforming growth factor-beta/ bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) pathway and the focal adhesion pathway may play a role in this process. Paper-12475530.
We demonstrate that endofin binds Smad1 preferentially and enhances Smad1 phosphorylation and nuclear localization upon BMP stimulation. Paper-12466233.
In situ hybridization and RT-PCR confirmed that these BMP antagonists are expressed by intestinal cryptal myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells at the colon crypt. Paper-12485754.
Expression levels of FGF-1, FGF-2, VEGF, BMP-3, and amphiregulin did not change with proliferative aging, growth arrest of young cells, or telomere elongation and life-span extension. Paper-9554555.
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of signaling molecules and their antagonists are involved in patterning of the body axis and numerous aspects of organogenesis. Paper-13872891.
Although smooth muscle cell proliferation contributes to the vascular remodeling observed in PAH, the role of BMPs in this process and the impact of BMPR2 mutation remains unclear. Paper-10760560.
Osteogenin and related bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, and were isolated by their ability to induce cartilage and bone formation in vivo. Paper-7507829.
We find, however, that Tbx2 expression is neither affected by blocking Shh signaling with cyclopamine nor by genetic removal of several BMP activities in the limb bud. Paper-12459291.
Additionally, multiple signaling mechanisms, including PI3K and PKC, appear to be involved in the control of calvarial osteoblast apoptosis by FGF and BMP. Paper-10776979.
The present study examined the osteogenic potential of osteogenin in combination with porous hydroxyapatite replicas obtained after hydrothermal conversion of calcium carbonate exoskeletons of corals. Paper-7519772.
Both osteogenin and rhBMP-2B at higher concentrations (0.1-30 ng/ml) stimulated mRNA expression for an additional regulatory molecule, type beta 1 transforming growth factor ( TGF-beta 1) in human monocytes. Paper-7514717.
We show that transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/activin members, but not bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) members, can induce EMT in normal human and mouse epithelial cells. Paper-11227886.
Radiographic results demonstrated progressed callus consolidation in the BMP-2- and simvastatin-treated groups compared to the uncoated group at both timepoints. Paper-13922729.
In contrast, continuous FGF signaling or constitutive FGF receptor activation, as well as BMP signaling, upregulate osteoblast apoptosis. Paper-10776979.
The authors investigated the expression pattern of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist BMP3 in rat cranial sutures and the factors regulating its expression in vitro. Paper-11079857.
When we used the multipotent cell line C2C12 without autologous BMP expression, NMP alone had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker for osteogenic transdifferentiation. Paper-14037542.
Unlike other TRAF family members, which mediate signal transduction by TNF, interleukin, or Toll-like receptors, we find that TRAF4 potentiates BMP and Nodal signaling. Paper-13890046.
BACKGROUND: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a rare genetic disorder of ectopic skeletogenesis associated with dysregulation of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling. Paper-13099709.
To investigate the molecular mechanisms that contribute to BMP-dependent angiogenic signaling, we performed gene expression profiling of BMP6-treated mouse endothelial cells. Paper-13226406.
While osteoconduction is a favorable quality, much interest has focussed on the use of osteoinductive or osteogenic materials such as demineralized bone matrix or bone derivatives, that is, BMP, osteogenin, etc. Paper-7142199.
A lot of reports have studied the presence of BMPs and their effects on bone marker expression in many different cell lines, however none describe the regulation of BMP3 by different factors and expression conditions. Paper-1839863.
Moreover, disruption of the membrane-anchoring FYVE motif by point mutation led to a reduction of BMP-responsive gene expression in cell culture and Xenopus ectodermal explants. Paper-12466233.
Stimulation of osteoblasts with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 2 led to a rapid and sustained suppression of BMP3 expression (85 percent, p < 0.01) when compared with controls. Paper-11079857.
The histology in some of both mesenchymal stem cell- BMP and mesenchymal stem cell- FGF groups demonstrated that fibrous tissues and cartilages remained in grafted areas. Paper-13212090.
Our results uncover new functions for TRAF4 as a Smurf1-regulated mediator of BMP and Nodal signaling that are essential for neural crest development and neural plate morphogenesis. Paper-13890046.
We conclude that defective Smad signaling and unopposed p38(MAPK)/ERK signaling, as a consequence of mutation in BMPR2, underlie the abnormal vascular cell proliferation observed in familial PAH. Paper-10760560.
CONCLUSION: Our data show that FGF signaling via Mek1/2 is dominant over BMP signaling via Smad and is required to separate the epicardial lineage from precardiac mesoderm. Paper-13957578.
Here we show that human embryonic stem cells efficiently convert to neuroepithelial cells in the absence of BMP antagonists, or even when exposed to high concentrations of exogenous BMP4. Paper-13966621.
Thus, the thyroid BMP system is functionally linked to TSH actions through modulating TSH receptor expression and TSH, in turn, selectively inhibits BMP signaling. Paper-10792311.
Our results demonstrate that osteogenin and related BMPs through their profound effects on monocyte recruitment and cytokine synthesis may promote additional successive steps in the endochondral bone formation cascade. Paper-7514717.
Information concerning the efficacy of osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, and demineralized bone matrix in orthotopic sites in nonhuman primates is a prerequisite for potential clinical application in humans. Paper-7647541.
In vivo experiments demonstrate the efficacy of primate osteogenin in restoring large calvarial defects in adult baboons, establishing a primary role for osteogenin in therapeutic initiation and promotion of osteogenesis. Paper-7378104.
Furthermore, adding lefty-1, a nodal antagonist, to the blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, and nodal plus BMP antagonist up-regulated the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Paper-11154962.
Herein, we review the molecules that directly antagonize extracellular BMP and the signaling pathways that further contribute to reduce BMP activity in the neural ectoderm. Paper-14018810.
The ability of either sequential Shh and BMP signals or retrovirus-encoded Nkx3.2 or Sox9 to induce this competence correlates with their ability to activate chondrogenesis in various embryonic tissues. Paper-13300732.
BACKGROUND: During Bone Morphogenetic Protein ( BMP) induced osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, strong vascularization is observed at the transition of preosteoblasts to mature osteoblasts. Paper-13297567.
Result indicated that BMP-inducedangiogenesis may thus be the result of BMP-induced secretion some angiogenetic factor locally from osteoblasts named Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ( VEGF). Paper-13297567.
RNA interference (RNAi) knockdowns of Smed- BMP or Smed-Smad1 led to the disappearance of dorsal markers along with the ectopic expression of ventral markers on the dorsal side of the treated animals. Paper-12487991.
Simvastatin was shown to increase the expression of Bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP-2), which is one of the most potent growth factors targeting bone formation. Paper-13922729.
Northern blot analysis revealed that, the BMP3 mRNA level was increased in a few cell lines (MG-63, HBMSC, HOS) after the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 when compared to the untreated cells (127%+/-1; 130.5%+/-19.5; 207%+/-14). Paper-1839863.
The current study finds that low and high levels of Bmp ligand are both necessary and sufficient to activate intermediate and lateral mesodermal gene expression, respectively, both in vivo and in vitro. Paper-11305016.
Blocking FGF signaling inhibited neural induction, but did not alter the phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad1, suggesting that FGF enhances human neural specification independently of BMP signaling. Paper-13966621.
Fibroblast growth factor ( FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) are important regulators of mesenchymal, preosteoblast, and osteoblast apoptosis in suture areas. Paper-10776979.
Studies are beginning to identify the complex molecular, genetic and cellular pathways underlying stem cell function such as Wnt signalling, bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) and Notch/Delta pathways. Paper-11584154.
In vitro, we show that this lineage separation is regulated by a crosstalk between bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling and fibroblast growth factor ( FGF) signaling. Paper-13957578.
These results demonstrate that BMP signaling is activated in all the tissue layers of the GI tract during the development and plays a role during interactions and reciprocal communications of these tissue layers. Paper-11087602.
Surprisingly, although HGG precursors generated endogenous bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling that promoted mitotic arrest under high oxygen tension, this signaling was actively repressed by hypoxia. Paper-13797917.
The collagen-targeted BMP3 fusion protein (rhBMP3-C) was expressed in E. coli, purified from bacterial inclusion bodies, renatured under controlled redox conditions, and assayed for biological activity in vitro and in vivo. Paper-9530379.
The results showed that 10 million transduced fibroblasts that was the maximum number of cells feasible for encapsulation within PEG-DA 10 and 20 kDa hydrogels produced the highest amount of secreted BMP-2 protein. Paper-13187116.
Subsequently, Bmp2 and Bmp6 expressions were confined to hypertrophic chondrocytes, while Bmp3, Bmp4, and Bmp5 were expressed in the osteoblasts of the trabecular bone and bone collar. Paper-12331127.
The experiments reported here demonstrate the significant " in vitro" influence of osteogenin in the stimulation of osteogenic phenotype in osteoprogenitor cells which have been isolated from human bone marrow and cloned. Paper-8116264.
Collectively, these findings reveal that Smad6 serves as a critical mediator of BMP signal via a functional interaction with Tbx6, thus regulating the activation of Tbx6 downstream genes during cell differentiation. Paper-13947977.
Vertebrate limb development is controlled by interacting patterning systems involving prominently the fibroblast growth factor ( FGF), bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP), and hedgehog pathways. Paper-11390174.
While bone morphogenetic protein ( Bmp) signaling is known to regulate mesodermal cell type determination along the medio-lateral axis, its role in intermediate mesoderm formation has not been well characterized. Paper-11305016.
This study, by exploiting the affinity of native osteogenin for hydroxyapatite, was designed to construct a delivery system for the expression of the biologic activity of osteogenin in nonhealing calvarial defects of adult primates. Paper-7492831.
In almost all cases, a duplicated central nervous system differentiated dorsally after Smed- BMP or Smed-Smad1 RNAi. These defects were observed not only during regeneration but also in intact non-regenerating animals. Paper-12487991.
AIM: To assess the influence of high extracellular glucose on the expression of the bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) antagonist, gremlin, in cultured bovine retinal pericytes (BRPC). Paper-11117975.
These findings in adult primates establish a primary role for osteogenin in initiation and promotion of osteogenesis, and imply a potential therapeutic application based on cell biology of extracellular matrix-cell interactions. Paper-7464434.
Cytokines belonging to the interleukin (IL)-6 family and those classified into the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family act in synergy on neuroepithelial cells to induce astrocyte differentiation. Paper-11100562.
Developmental anomalies of the cervical spine in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are distinctly different from those in patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome: clues from the BMP signaling pathway. Paper-11008754.
Our data reveal increased Bone Morphogenetic Protein ( Bmp) activity in mice which carry a disruption in Fmn1, as evidenced by upregulation of Msx1 and a decrease in Fgf4 within the apical ectodermal ridge. Paper-13832374.
In this study, we conducted mutation screening in the promoter region and the entire coding regions as well as the intron/exon boundaries of the BMPR2 gene in 20 Chinese patients with either idiopathic or FPAH. Paper-13895058.
Adding BMP to the cultured blastoderm inhibited the expression of SMA, whereas BMP antagonists, such as chordin, were able to induce the expression of SMA in cultured posterior epiblast. Paper-11154962.
Using quantitative mass spectrometry, we analyzed the (phospho)proteome of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) during differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) and removal of hESC growth factors. Paper-13923013.
BMPs bind to heterogeneous complexes of transmembrane serine/ threonine ( Ser/Thr) kinase receptors known as the BMP type I and II receptors (BMPRI and BMPRII). Paper-13363249.
Smads, key effectors of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling, regulate gene expression and interact with coactivators and corepressors that modulate Smad activity. Paper-10775077.
Pathway analysis revealed the differential expression of genes involved in cell cycle maintenance and apoptosis, as well as genes in bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP), Notch, Wnt, EPH, and MYC signaling pathways. Paper-12485754.
In turn, SHH activity maintains the expression of Gremlin1, which encodes a bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) antagonist; the interaction between BMP and Gremlin1 regulates Fgf gene expression. Paper-13796416.
Genetic studies in familial PAH ( FPAH) have revealed heterozygous germline mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor ( BMPR2), a receptor for the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/BMP superfamily. Paper-13895058.
In this article, we review the accumulated data on bone tissue engineering using the novel scaffold, focusing especially on new techniques in combination with bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) or mesenchymal stem cells. Paper-11465726.
Recent progress in the isolation of osteogenin, a specific bone differentiation factor, by heparin affinity chromatography permits the further investigation of the commitment and clonal expansion of the putative osteoprogenitor stem cells. Paper-6249270.
In conclusion, osteoblast targeted expression of a mutant endofin protein lacking the pp1c binding activity results in sustained signaling of the BMP type I receptor, which increases bone formation and skeletal angiogenesis. Paper-13853722.
The results indicate that LHs and LOX/LOXLs are differentially responsive to BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation that may eventually lead to the specific collagen cross-linking pattern seen in bone. Paper-13293935.
Transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) are extracellular molecules known to mediate programmed cell death (PCD) in the developing retina. Paper-11351888.
Identification of ovarian granulosa cells as a novel site of expression for bone morphogenetic protein-3 ( BMP-3/ osteogenin) and regulation of BMP-3 messenger ribonucleic acids by chorionic gonadotropin in cultured human granulosa-luteal cells. Paper-815362.
By in situ hybridization, the BMP-3 transcripts were found in lung bronchial epithelium, straight collecting kidney tubules, intestinal mucosa, perichondrium, periosteum, and osteoblasts of human embryos of 6-14 weeks' gestation. Paper-8058835.
The TGF-beta family of ligands, including TGF-beta, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin, signal through Smad pathways to regulate the fate of hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells during development and postnatally. Paper-10751970.
A comparison of genetic maps between bovine Chr 6 and human Chr 4 or mouse Chr 5 indicates possible candidate genes including FGFR3 and BMP3 genes, which are responsible for human chondrodysplasias and associated with bone morphogenesis, respectively. Paper-1884851.
STUDY DESIGN: Posterolateral lumbar transverse process fusion was carried out using cultured mesenchymal stem cells with or without bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) and basic fibroblast growth factor ( FGF). Paper-13212090.
In each animal, one disk of each hydroxyapatite preparation was treated with osteogenin isolated and purified from baboon bone matrix after sequential chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration columns. Paper-7492831.
However, in the presence of TSH, BMP-6 and -7 failed to activate Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and 3TP-reporter activity, whereas BMP-2 and -4 maintained clear activation of the BMP signaling regardless of the presence of TSH. Paper-10792311.
The addition of dexamethasone and parathyroid hormone did not affect the BMP-4 expression but induced transcripts for BMP-2 and BMP-3, respectively, suggesting that their effects on bone can be in part achieved via the BMP signaling. Paper-11806075.
Methylation of BMP3, EYA2, ALX4, or vimentin was detected respectively in 66%, 66%, 68%, and 72% of cancers; 74%, 48%, 89%, and 84% of adenomas; and 7%, 5%, 11%, and 11% of normal epithelia (P < 0.01, cancer or adenoma versus normal). Paper-12646280.
By 3 days after postretinectomy (d PR), the BMP pathway directs proliferation and regeneration through the activation of Smad (canonical BMP pathway) and the up-regulation of FGF signaling by the MAPK pathway. Paper-12650170.
We recently identified the TGF beta gene family member bone morphogenetic protein-3 ( BMP-3) as a granulosa cell-derived growth factor, but whether BMP-3 or other structurally related BMPs regulate human granulosa cell inhibin production is not known. Paper-9198115.
Although BMP-1 and mammalian tolloid (mTLD) are splice variants, it is puzzling why BMP-1, which lacks 3 of the 7 noncatalytic domains present in all other family members, is the most effective proteinase. Paper-13808010.
As BMP3 modulates BMP and activin signaling through ActRIIB, we examined the ribs of ActRIIB receptor knockout mice and found they had defects in late chondrogenesis and mineralization similar to BMP3 transgenic mice. Paper-13954705.
Downregulation of Trb3 inhibits BMP-mediated cellular responses, including osteoblast differentiation of C2C12 cells and maintenance of the smooth muscle phenotype of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Paper-13363249.
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 and BMP8b, which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-beta) superfamily, might generate induction signals from extraembryonic ectoderm. Paper-10792081.
In the present study, we use an antibody that recognizes the phosphorylated and activated form of Smad1, 5, and 8 to examine (by immunohistochemistry) the endogenous patterns of BMP signaling pathway activation in the developing GI tract. Paper-11087602.
In this investigation, the molecular interactions between TAK1 and Smad proteins were characterized as well as their influence on BMP- mediated mesenchymal cell differentiation along the osteogenic/chondrogenic pathway. Paper-10740130.
Using a combination of single-particle electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and other biophysical measurements in solution, we show that mTLD, but not BMP-1, forms a calcium-ion-dependent dimer under physiological conditions. Paper-13808010.
The dependency of the effects of NMP on BMP was confirmed in preosteoblasts because noggin, an extracellular BMP inhibitor, suppressed NMP-induced increases in early markers for osteoblast maturation in vitro. Paper-14037542.
To determine the relevance of this finding to human prostate cancer, we examined the expression of BMPs and BMP receptors (BMPR) as well as the responsiveness to recombinant human BMP7 in a series of human prostate tumor cell lines. Paper-10755223.
Thus, the small chemical NMP enhances BMP activity by increasing the kinase activity of the BMP receptor complex for Smad1,5,8 and p38 and could be employed as a potent drug for bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Paper-14037542.
Unexpectedly, we found in transfection and localization studies in vitro that both Tbx20 and mutant isoforms of Tbx20 unable to bind DNA attenuate Bmp/Smad-dependent activation of Tbx2 by binding Smad1 and Smad5 and sequestering them from Smad4. Paper-13957585.
Systemic gene transfer of noggin, a BMP antagonist, is effective both as a preventive and a therapeutic strategy in the mouse model, mechanistically interfering with enthesial progenitor cell proliferation in early stages of the disease process. Paper-11187053.
In this study we use fluorescent microscopy to demonstrate nuclear translocation of Smad 4 in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (HPAEC) cultures treated with monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), Bone Morphogenetic Protein ( BMP) and TGFbeta. Paper-13183237.
Furthermore, in BmpRII-null pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, BMP2 and BMP4 signaling was reduced by inhibition of endogenous RGMa expression, and RGMa-mediated BMP signaling required ActRIIA expression. Paper-13293014.
Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that Smed- BMP is expressed at the planarian dorsal midline, suggesting a role in dorsoventral patterning, while Smed-Smad1 is widely expressed throughout the mesenchyme and in the central nervous system. Paper-12487991.
We found that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7, a member of the BMP family, was strikingly up-regulated during the development of primary prostatic adenocarcinoma in the conditional Pten deletion mouse model. Paper-10755223.
In addition, Evi-1 repressed BMP/Smad1- and activin/Smad2-mediated induction of endogenous Xenopus gene expression, suggesting a role of repression of BMP and activin signals by Evi-1 in vertebrate embryogenesis. Paper-10775077.
Four genes specifically methylated in colorectal cancer [ bone morphogenetic protein 3 ( BMP3), EYA2, aristaless-like homeobox-4 ( ALX4), and vimentin] were selected from 41 candidate genes and evaluated on 74 cancers, 62 adenomas, and 70 normal epithelia. Paper-12646280.
The rostral paraxial mesoderm expresses members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of signalling molecules and manipulation of endogenous BMP signalling resulted in abnormalities of the early optic primordia. Paper-13802185.
Regulation of BMP3 expression was determined using primary rat calvarial osteoblasts stimulated with recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 2 or recombinant human transforming growth factor beta1, or cultured with primary rat nonsuture dura mater. Paper-11079857.
Even though an increase of mineralized areas among periosteal callus was found at d 42 for simvastatin-high as well as BMP-2 treated animals, no significant difference could be detected at both timepoints compared to the uncoated group. Paper-13922729.
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family of transforming growth factor beta ( TGFbeta) molecules represents one class of such cell-cell signaling molecules that regulate the morphogenesis of several organs. Paper-13817900.
Sensitive cell lines show induction of BMP2 protein levels and a BMP2 reporter construct, activation of the BMP pathway, and induction of the BMP target gene ID-2, whereas resistant cell lines do not. Paper-12487055.
The gene product, sclerostin, is an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation with amino acid sequence similarity with the DAN family of secreted glycoproteins, that share the capacity to antagonize bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) activity. Paper-11120128.
When a human bone marrow stromal cell (HBMSC) culture was treated simultaneously with 1,25(OH)2D3 (10(-8) M) and BMP3 (2.5 ng/ml), the total osteocalcin content in the cell layer and in the culture medium was higher than when the culture was treated with either factor alone (162%). Paper-1839863.
Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) analysis showed that BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, and BMP-7 mRNAs were overexpressed in 10 (66.7%), 9 (60.0%), 1 (6.7%), 8 (53.3%), and 12 (80.0%), respectively, of the 15 pleomorphic adenomas. Paper-1377019.
We show that the endogenous BMP signaling pathway is activated in the mesoderm, the endoderm, and the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the developing chick GI tract and is more widespread than BMP ligand expression patterns. Paper-11087602.
Osteogenin, and related bone morphogenetic proteins, induce endochondral bone differentiation through a cascade of events which include formation of cartilage, hypertrophy and calcification of the cartilage, vascular invasion, differentiation of osteoblasts, and formation of bone. Paper-7464434.
These data suggest that BMP3 exerts its effects in the skeleton by altering signaling through ActRIIB in chondrocytes and the periosteum, and this results in defects in bone collar formation and late hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation leading to decreased mineralization and less bone. Paper-13954705.
Results indicate that the interaction between the tissues of the posterior epiblast and hypoblast is necessary to initiate the expression of SMA during early cardiogenesis and that nodal and BMP antagonist may play an important role in the regulation of SMA expression. Paper-11154962.
In explant cultures, Bmp activation of Odd-skipped related 1 (Odd-1), the earliest known gene expressed in the intermediate mesoderm, is blocked by cyclohexamide, indicating that the activation of Odd-1 by Bmp signaling is translation-dependent. Paper-11305016.
METHODS: The expression of BMPs was examined immunohistochemically in 47 biopsy specimens of osteosarcoma using commercially available antibodies against different subtypes ( BMP-2/4 (A-20), BMP-3 (N-19), BMP-4 (N-19), BMP-5 (N-19), BMP-6 (N-19), BMP-7 (N-19), BMP-8 (N-19)). Paper-9206732.
However, BMP antagonists do not inhibit the expression of the "initial heart alpha-actin"--smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA)--which is first expressed in the anterior lateral mesoderm and then recruited into the initial myofibrils (Nakajima et al. [2002] Dev. Biol. 245:291-303). Paper-11154962.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ESC-CM contains a number of factors, including BMP4, which are capable of reprogramming mouse skin keratinocytes to make them more developmentally potent, as evidenced by their ability to be re-differentiated into cells of the neuronal lineage. Paper-12484301.
In the developing atrioventricular ( AV) valve, limb bud, and somites, cartilage cell lineage differentiation is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP), while fibroblast growth factor ( FGF) controls tendon cell fate. Paper-13208787.
Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling is required for vertebrate neural induction, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) may affect neural induction through phosphorylation at the linker region of Smad1, thus regulating BMP signaling. Paper-13966621.
Thus, regulation of miRNA biogenesis by ligand-specific SMAD proteins is critical for control of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and potentially for SMAD4-independent responses mediated by the TGF-beta and BMP signalling pathways. Paper-12867135.
The transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of growth factors orchestrates fundamental biological processes in development and in the homeostasis of adult tissues, including the vasculature. Paper-12867135.
A comparative analysis of gene expression on Agilent 22K oligonucleotide microarrays in purified CD34+ cells from the blood of MMM patients showed significant downregulation of BMPR2, BMPR1B, BMP2, and BMP8; upregulation of BMP3 and BMP10; and a trend to lower expression of NOG. Paper-12504266.
To analyze osteoblastic differentiation, human PDL cells were cultured in organoid culture for 7, 14, and 21 days and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) activity, osteopontin ( OPN), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2, osteocalcin ( OCN), and calcium contents were measured. Paper-10746645.
This begs the question of how seemingly interchangeable BMP signaling components elicit widely different outputs in different cell types, an important issue in the context of understanding how BMP signaling integrates with gene regulatory networks to control development. Paper-13817698.
Interestingly, myocardial development was normal when the BMPRII gene was deleted in myocardial cells using Mox2-Cre, alphaMHC-Cre, or SM22alpha-Cre transgenes, suggesting that signaling by other BMP type II receptors may compensate for the absence of BMPRII in the myocardial cells. Paper-13859567.
There were significant increases in alkaline phosphatase activity (day 12) and calcium content (days 12 and 21). mRNA expression of OP-1, TGF-beta1, BMP-3 and collagens type II and IV, markers of bone formation, showed an up-regulation of the genes (days 12 and 21) by the binary applications of the morphogens. Paper-9151204.
These results provide a mechanistic insight into how alternative splicing of the Bmp1 gene produces 2 proteinases with differing biological activities and have broad implications for regulation of BMP-1/mTLD and related proteinases during BMP signaling and tissue assembly. Paper-13808010.
It appears that polyphenols may act on cellular signalling such as mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP), oestrogen receptor and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (OPG/RANKL) and thus may affect osteoblast functions. Paper-13858214.
RESULTS: Fusion rates were 5/7 in the autograft group, 0/7 in the mesenchymal stem cell group, 2/7 in the mesenchymal stem cell- BMP group, 3/7 in the mesenchymal stem cell- FGF group, and 6/7 in the mesenchymal stem cell- BMP- FGF group. Paper-13212090.
Sequential Shh and bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signals or forced expression of either Nkx3.2 or Sox9 (plus BMP signals) induces chondrogenesis in presomitic mesoderm and simultaneously induces a competence for Runx2 to activate the chondrocyte maturation program. Paper-13300732.
Calvarial bone and suture development is under complex regulation where bone morphogenetic protein ( Bmp) and fibroblast growth factor ( Fgf) signalling interact with Msx2/ Twist and Noggin and regulate frontal bone primordia proliferation and suture fusion, respectively. Paper-10752354.
Towards this goal, we have encapsulated adenovirus-transduced human diploid fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) expressing bone morphogenetic protein-type 2 ( BMP-2) within non-degradable poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels and implanted these intramuscularly to promote endochondral bone formation. Paper-13187116.
Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of ligands have been identified in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species and have been shown to play an essential role in a range of biological processes, including mesodermal patterning and organ development, as well as the formation of bone and cartilage. Paper-13262858.
Mouse zinc finger CCHC domain containing 12 gene ( ZCCHC12) has been identified as a transcriptional co-activator of bone morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signaling, and human ZCCHC12 was reported to be related to non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation (NS-XLMR). Paper-13871257.
In this review we will discuss recent findings that define the role of nuclear protein phosphatases in controlling transforming growth factor-beta ( TGFbeta) and bone-morphogenetic protein ( BMP) signalling, the DNA-damage response, RNA processing, cell-cycle progression and gene transcription. Paper-13124545.
Embryos exposed to recombinant FGF2 in vivo show enhanced epicardium formation, whereas a misbalance between FGF and BMP by Mek1/2 inhibition and BMP stimulation causes a developmental arrest of the epicardium and enhances myocardium formation at the inflow of the heart. Paper-13957578.
Given that BMP system is present in human thyroid and the expression pattern of ALK-2 and BMPRII is different between follicular adenomas and normal thyroid tissues, the endogenous BMP system may be involved in regulating thyrocyte growth and TSH sensitivity of human thyroid adenomas. Paper-10792311.
Because a molecular understanding of how BMP signaling activates different batteries of target genes is an essential prerequisite to comprehending the roles of BMPs in regulating cellular responses, here we review the current knowledge of how BMP-regulated target genes are selected by the signal transduction machinery. Paper-13817698.
Immunoreactivity for BMP-2 was observed in fibrous tissue matrix as well as in osteoblasts; BMP-3 was mainly present in osteoblasts; BMP-6 was restricted to young osteocytes and bone matrix; BMP-7 was observed in hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts and young osteocytes of both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation sites. Paper-9684218.
This first reported association between common variants in the BMP pathway and iron burden suggests that full expression of HFE hemochromatosis is linked to abnormal liver expression of hepcidin, not only through impairment in the HFE function but also through functional modulation in the BMP pathway. Paper-13430677.
Here, we present a detailed study of the developmental expression profiles of three BMP ligands ( Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp7) and three BMP receptors ( Bmpr1a, Bmpr1b, and BmprII), as well as their molecular antagonist ( noggin), in the early embryo during the initial steps of murine organogenesis. Paper-13817900.
Nov overexpression inhibited the effect of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8; on the transactivation of 12xSBE-Oc-pGL3, a BMP/Smad signaling reporter construct, and of Wnt 3 on cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels; and on the transactivation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling reporter construct 16xTCF-Luc. Paper-13300799.
Although vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) has been shown to act synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 and BMP4 to promote ectopic endochondral bone formation via cell-based BMP gene therapy, the optimal ratio of VEGF to either of the BMPs required to obtain this beneficial effect remains unclear. Paper-13921560.
In KGN human ovarian granulosa cells and mouse pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, BMP2 and BMP4 signaling required BMP receptor type II ( BMPRII), but not activin receptor type IIA ( ActRIIA) or ActRIIB, based on changes in BMP signaling by small interfering RNA inhibition of receptor expression. Paper-13293014.
These synonyms are used for gene BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3): Osteogenin, Bone morphogenetic protein 3, BMP-3A, BMP-3.
These accession numbers are used for gene BMP3: Q4VAS5 (UNIPROT__AC), AAH96269 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), AAA51836 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), A8MT91 (UNIPROT__AC).
BMP3 is a homologue of zgc:153939 (zgc:153939) from Danio rerio.
BMP3 is a homologue of BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3) from Bos taurus.
BMP3 is a homologue of BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3) from Pan troglodytes.
BMP3 is a homologue of BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3 (osteogenic)) from Gallus gallus.
BMP3 is a homologue of BMP3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3) from Canis lupus familiaris.
BMP3 is a homologue of Bmp3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3) from Mus musculus.
BMP3 is a homologue of Bmp3 (bone morphogenetic protein 3) from Rattus norvegicus.
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iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins .
Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.