The most recent information on GGT1 is here. Click here for the function of GGT1. Edit this page in Wiki Genes - GGT1 or see Wiki Gene. In both species, the GGT mRNA is longer in hepatoma than in kidney. Paper-6385395. The mutation changed the GGT codon of glycine 521 to cysteine. Paper-64021. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase level and peripheral arterial disease. Paper-12849242. Gamma-glutamyltransferase in ascitic fluid in primary hepatoma. Paper-2984764. The GGT/ Cr ratio was significantly higher only in the third trimester. Paper-6212505. Glutathione depletion alone was not sufficient to induce GGT in these cells. Paper-8628355. Primary structure and hydrophobicity profile are closely similar to those of rat GGT. Paper-5813551. Thus soluble GGT is possibly involved in the catabolism of glutathione S-conjugates. Paper-12151599. gamma-Glutamyltransferase isoenzyme pattern in workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene. Paper-7213831. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sperm count, motility, morphology, GTG and CBG banding, and FISH. Paper-12209736. Allyl alcohol administration increased serum ALT activity but had no effect on GGT activity. Paper-4806774. Gamma-glutamyltransferase may be an early indicator of liver disease due to valproic acid. Paper-5399259. Univariate analysis did not find any relationship between morbidity and total bilirubin or GGT. Paper-11986915. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) is a well known cell plasma membrane and serum circulating enzyme. Paper-9521705. DLTs included elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (1), hyponatremia (1), fatigue (1), and anorexia (1). Paper-13623273. GGT appears to play an important role in the protection of spermatozoa from oxidative stress. Paper-2078622. Role for recombinant gamma-glutamyltransferase from Treponema denticola in glutathione metabolism. Paper-9848646. GGT is induced in ovarian tumor cell lines selected in vitro for resistance to cisplatin. Paper-7948866. The well-characterized GGT1 is an extracellular enzyme that is anchored to the plasma membrane of cells. Paper-12781261. Changes in serum levels of bilirubin, GGT, ALT and AST are unlikely to be of clinical significance. Paper-13596478. Long-term cultures of chorionic villi and GTG-banding techniques were used for chromosome analysis. Paper-1570710. Sequential QFQ, RFA and GTG banding techniques were employed on the chromosomes of all family members. Paper-2806641. Gamma-glutamyltransferase correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, glutamine, and alanine. Paper-4439195. R1881 has no effect on the GGT activity of the androgen-independent prostate cell line DU145. Paper-1058767. In conclusion, GGT-mediated ROS production is able to oxidise erythrocytes and thus disturbs their functions. Paper-9521705. Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a potential surrogate marker for detection of the non-A, non-B carrier state. Paper-5795102. The results obtained demonstrate that the GGT/GSH/iron system oxidises isolated erythrocyte membranes. Paper-9521705. These results argue for a promoter of truncated GGT mRNAs in intron 7, specifically regulated in human tissues. Paper-1560739. In the assessment of treatment outcome, the combination of CDT and GGT as markers yielded a sensitivity of 95%. Paper-6099259. Chromosome stretching on GTG-banded human chromosomes leads to a splitting of bands into their subbands. Paper-7923504. The increased relative risk for IFG or type 2 diabetes associated with serum GGT was more pronounced in obese men. Paper-9835852. Finally, inhibition of GGT by either the Serine/Borate complex or by Acivicin resulted in cell apoptosis. Paper-9294623. Serum GGT tended to decrease more in the choline group, but the greater decrease was not statistically significant. Paper-8875005. CONCLUSIONS: GGT is confirmed as independent risk factor in patients with established coronary artery disease. Paper-13529006. GGT levels were high in placenta and liver from Down's syndrome pregnancies but low in fetal intestine. Paper-1298277. The absence of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in transport-dependent methotrexate-resistant hepatoma cells. Paper-5738963. T cells with different levels of GGT activity were examined for their ability to withstand oxidative stress. Paper-9914268. Adjustment for alcohol consumption and BMI had no influence on the heritability for ALT, GGT, LDH, and bilirubin. Paper-8703007. RESULTS: Overall, serum GGT levels were positively associated with PAD among men but not women (p-interaction=0.0421). Paper-12849242. Gamma-glutamyltransferase level in pregnancy is an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Paper-13047023. Modulation of cell growth and cisplatin sensitivity by membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase in melanoma cells. Paper-12248047. gamma-Glutamyltransferase bound to prostatic subcellular organelles and in free form in human seminal plasma. Paper-4438129. RESULTS: In both groups of bodybuilders, CK, AST, and ALT were elevated, whereas GGT remained in the normal range. Paper-1874946. IGT and diabetes mellitus were also significantly positively associated with elevated AST (>40 IU/l) and GGT (>50 IU/l). Paper-9661304. Hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in alcoholic fatty liver: comparison with other liver enzymes in man and rats. Paper-4470467. Plasma membrane gamma-glutamyltransferase activity facilitates the uptake of vitamin C in melanoma cells. Paper-10948932. Thus GGT might represent a new marker for the study of certain diseases which have chromosomal abnormalities at these loci. Paper-5778301. A cDNA hybridizable to that of rat gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) was cloned from a cDNA library of human fetal liver. Paper-5813551. Two cDNAs complementary to the GGT mRNA have been isolated from a human placental library constructed in phage lambda gt11. Paper-5811873. Among the kidney-specific enzymes, the excretion of GGT in urine increased after injection of iopromide and iopamidol. Paper-6439350. We investigated the regulation of GGT in 2 cisplatin-resistant and 1 cisplatin-sensitive colon carcinoma cell lines. Paper-8628355. In human, the two subunits of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) arise from a common precursor encoded by a multigene family. Paper-6411670. Besides sialic acid, also galactose and fucose residues contribute to serum gamma-glutamyltransferase heterogeneity. Paper-5777357. We have previously shown that ethanol (180 mM) induces GGT activity 2-3-fold in the C2 rat hepatoma cell line. Paper-6458822. Both bALP and ALAT were not different between all study groups, while GGT was only increased in patients with non-bone metastases. Paper-13341509. GGT cleaves the glutamyl group from glutathione, which is the first step in the uptake of extracellular glutathione. Paper-1964523. We found that, in the presence of iron, a natural substrate of GGT, glutathione induces lipid peroxidation in U937 cells. Paper-9294623. CONCLUSION: In a general population of children, overweight and abdominal fat distribution were associated with increased GGT. Paper-13434096. Earlier pre-genome investigations had indicated that besides GGT1, the human genome contains additional related genes or sequences. Paper-12781261. There was a strong relationship between GGT/ALT and body composition (percent BF) as well as between ALT and hepatic lipid content. Paper-12958059. Pancreatic juice gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in pancreatic disease. Paper-3635862. Lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities did not change significantly. Paper-2584125. CONCLUSIONS: The GSTM1- and GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotypes may be a genetic risk factor for the increase of GGT in VPA-treated patients. Paper-12715133. Uptake of cysteine or cystine, possible products of GGT activity, stayed the same or decreased during the respiratory burst. Paper-8381612. We recommend the use of serum GGT, blood GSH and erythrocyte GST for the early detection of therapeutic response in fascioliasis. Paper-6801519. In platelets GGT converts leukotriene C4 ( LTC4) to leukotriene D4 ( LTD4) and is involved in glutathione metabolism. Paper-8521730. The degree of histologic cholestasis was compared with the same-day serum value for total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT. Paper-177094. Reduced serum levels of ALT and GGT and high carbohydrate intake among workers exposed to toluene below the threshold limit values. Paper-1347968. It is possible that a lack of GGT activity may be evidence of a more differentiated phenotype in the transport-resistant cell line. Paper-5738963. These data show that virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C is less associated with baseline ALT than with GGT levels. Paper-10561819. Reduced glutathione, gamma-glutamylcysteine, cysteine and gamma-glutamylglutamine in gamma-glutamyltransferase deficiency. Paper-1965863. Glucose and fructose significantly decreased the activity of all enzymes tested, while galactose only affected GGT activity. Paper-8548938. The highest incidences of elevated values were found for GGT (62%) followed by AST (53%), ALT (39%), ferritin (34%) and albumin (20%). Paper-13521268. Plasma concentrations of glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate and urea, and gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) activities were determined. Paper-10923558. Hypertriglyceridemia was significantly and independently associated with both the raised GGT level and the presence of fatty liver. Paper-10214325. In addition, the CD4(+) T cell subset with the capacity to migrate across a human endothelial cell monolayer expresses high GGT levels. Paper-2036604. No significant differences were found in TG, GOT, and GGT concentrations between the groups or during alcohol consumption or abstention. Paper-6470585. Among the parameters of the liver function test (LFT), it has become increasingly evident that GGT is associated with metabolic disease. Paper-12468457. We have determined the crystal structures of GGT from Escherichia coli in complex with azaserine and acivicin at 1.65 A resolution. Paper-12832103. All investigated compounds resulted in the increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum and malondialdehyde concentration in liver. Paper-1336394. OBJECTIVE: To address the role of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) as a marker of metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Paper-13216165. Examples of gammopathy interference for the analytes glucose, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea and ferritin are presented. Paper-12555940. RESULTS: Serum ALT (P < 0.05) and GGT (P < 0.001) but not AST (P = 0.805) activities in moderate drinkers were higher than those in abstainers. Paper-13026828. gamma-Glutamyltransferase-dependent resistance to arsenic trioxide in melanoma cells and cellular sensitization by ascorbic acid. Paper-13748307. A variant Klinefelter syndrome patient with an XXY/XX/XY karyotype studied by GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Paper-2020677. To evaluate GGT as an independent predictor, Cox proportional hazards models were calculated, which adjusted for established risk factors. Paper-11087920. In the follow-up study, the fluctuations in U-TTC were well reflected in subclinical changes in HDL-C, AST, and GGT, but not in T-C or ALT. Paper-7710139. Human amniotic fluid gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) occurs in a high molecular weight form, as shown by G-200 gel chromatography. Paper-4250982. Re: " Alcohol, smoking, coffee, and cirrhosis" and "coffee and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase: a study of self-defense officials in Japan". Paper-173379. 5-Azacytidine modulates gamma-glutamyltransferase and glutathione levels in two human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Paper-1656686. On the other hand, AA oxidation and stimulation of cellular uptake were indeed observed after transfection of 2/21 cells with cDNA coding for GGT. Paper-10948932. We postulate that the combined effects of alcohol and smoking on GGT activity are a result of induction of the enzyme by both alcohol and nicotine. Paper-896755. Alcohol consumption, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), and pulmonary function: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in working men. Paper-899419. A cluster analysis yielded three clusters: (1) GGT, AST, and ALT levels; (2) MCV levels and MALT results; and (3) all CDT measurement variants. Paper-9128016. On multivariate analysis, younger age (P = .04) and lower GGT level (P = .037) were independent factors for prediction of end-of-follow-up response. Paper-13176465. Glutathione metabolism of Acremonium chrysogenum in relation to cephalosporin C production: is gamma-glutamyltransferase in the center? Paper-9746113. A gene family encompassing a minimum of four genes or pseudogenes for gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is present on chromosome 22q11. Paper-85620. CONCLUSIONS: GGT/ AST ratio over 2 indicates high possibility of biliary atresia and should prompt further investigations to confirm the diagnosis. Paper-13451910. The ORF encodes a protein with an amino acid sequence that is highly similar to that of the rat GGT precursor peptide, with an overall identity of 79%. Paper-6385395. Radiation-induced upregulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase in colon carcinoma cells is mediated through the Ras signal transduction pathway. Paper-11383262. Cisplatin induced gamma-glutamyltransferase up-regulation, hypertrophy and differentiation in astrocytic glioma cells in culture. Paper-9919070. In patients younger than age 70 and planned for cholecystectomy, the combination of the level of GGT and dilated bile duct predicted CBDS accurately. Paper-1787796. Karyotypes of one day-old cultures derived from a tumor nodule of colorectal cancer liver metastasis were studied by GTG chromosome banding. Paper-1402661. The circadian acrophases of urinary GGT and LAP activity led in timing the circadian rhythms in urine volume and creatinine excretion by about 13 hr. Paper-5747327. GGT is involved in a number of biological phenomena such as drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells by detoxification of xenobiotics. Paper-12832103. There were highly significant correlations between GGT and body mass index; serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin; and blood pressure. Paper-9539172. Serum ALT and GGT abnormalities usually subside during PTU therapy, but transient asymptomatic PTU hepatotoxicity occurs in one-third of the patients. Paper-8199580. There was one case with positive GGT II among 45 cases of cancer of ampulla of Vater, but the possibility of hepatic metastasis could not be excluded. Paper-4830355. The coding part of the gene spans over 16 kb and comprises 12 exons and 11 introns exhibiting a similar organization as for the mouse and rat GGT genes. Paper-1560739. Using GTG banding, locus-specific FISH, and M-FISH, we detected numeric changes of chromosomes 5, 17, 19, and 22, as well as trisomy 8 at low frequency. Paper-13126383. Plasma carnitine was correlated with albumin, triglyceride and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) in patients with chronic liver disease (P<0.05). Paper-9031861. A Philadelphia chromosome positive CML patient with a unique translocation studied via GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Paper-605243. The impact of GGT expression on cell survival during oxidative stress was investigated using the human B cell lymphoblastoid cell line, Ramos. Paper-8952394. Dexamethasone (100 nM), a synthetic glucocorticoid agonist, completely prevented the induction of GGT by ethanol, but had no effect when added alone. Paper-6458822. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of gamma-phosphono diester analogues of glutamate as transition-state mimic inhibitors of GGT. Paper-12443889. Glucaric acid ( GA) excretion and serum activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) were used as indicators of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. Paper-2712113. Acivicin, which inhibits GSH breakdown by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), had no effect on the enhanced uptake seen during the respiratory burst. Paper-8381612. A new hepatitis C virus-like flavivirus in patients with cryptogenic liver disease associated with elevated GGT and alkaline phosphatase serum levels. Paper-1031540. Hyperamylasemia was found in 20% of the cases and significantly correlated with levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Paper-8324424. Azaserine and acivicin are classical and irreversible inhibitors of GGT, but their binding sites and the inhibition mechanisms remain to be defined. Paper-12832103. GGT is also useful in detecting cholestasis associated with parenteral nutrition and assessing the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in its treatment. Paper-9179554. Two months after discontinuing propafenone, serum aminotransaminase and ALK concentrations had normalized and GGT had decreased and remained only slightly elevated. Paper-7483274. Associated risk factors for renal dysfunction included later presentation, staggered ingestion, increased age, hypotension and elevated GGT at first admission. Paper-13589385. GTG banding of metaphase chromosomes and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromere-specific probes were used. Paper-9941094. These results suggest that the hepatoma tissue gamma-glutamyltransferase is largely due to altered glycosylation of this glycoprotein in hepatoma cells. Paper-3914149. A series of epidemiological studies have suggested serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) within its normal range might be an early marker of oxidative stress. Paper-11271479. We analyzed the multivariate relationship between alcohol consumption and gamma-glutamyl-transferase ( GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and tobacco consumption. Paper-3902524. However gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) was associated with BMI changes and baseline alcohol consumption, not with baseline BMI and changes in alcohol consumption. Paper-10710343. The ability to analyse germ cells directly is a useful adjunct to GTG-banding analysis of meiotic chromosomes, an invasive and extremely labour-intensive procedure. Paper-433525. The membrane bound gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) is capable of utilizing both glutathione, GSH, and glutamine, gln, as the natural gamma-glutamyl donor. Paper-4173548. By contrast, GGT activity was abnormal less frequently and the mean value was relatively depressed, even though hepatitis was as severe, in the second half of gestation. Paper-2685322. Hypokalemia, high creatinine and raised gamma glutamyltransferase in women with hyperemesis gravidarum were associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Paper-13382113. Not a single duchenne muscular dystrophy patient showed a GGT outside the control range at any time point, while creatine kinase levels were 14 to 200 times normal. Paper-12945084. GTG-banding chromosome analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts derived from right cubital skin showed a 46,XX/47,XY, +21 karyotype. Paper-8073917. We compared the means of GGT activity according to gender and Tanner stage, and according to overweight status (IOTF definition) and quartiles of anthropometric parameters. Paper-13434096. In addition, the centromere positions of the canine chromosomes are determined by a combined GTG-banding/FISH approach, and the R- and G-banding patterns are compared. Paper-562722. GGT activity of the androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP increases >50% above that of the control after a 72-h exposure to 1 nM R1881. Paper-1058767. The values for SGPT, GGTP, uric acid, triglycerides, total protein (TP), RBC, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HC), Eos, and Baso were also within the normal range. Paper-13330482. The diagnostic use of total GGT, isoenzymes and bile acids in the differentiation between intrahepatic cholestasis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction has been investigated. Paper-3903605. Heterogeneity in gamma-glutamyltransferase mRNA expression and glycan structures. Search for tumor-specific variants in human liver metastases and colon carcinoma cells. Paper-9718302. 3. On the basis of functional normality of active sites, kcat. values of 1.8 s(-1) and 0.9 s(-1) were obtained for the plasma and liver gamma-glutamyltransferase respectively. Paper-2366374. We have identified two cases of ovarian carcinomas with trisomy of chromosome 10 using conventional GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Paper-2161773. GTG banded chromosome analysis of cultured amniotic fluid cells from both cases revealed a 46,XY chromosome constitution with extra material present on the Yqter. Paper-4353505. Blood pH, serum albumin, free fatty acids, creatinine and bilirubin concentrations did not change, but GGT did increase significantly over the 10-day sampling period. Paper-6525548. We compared the natural history of a cholestatic pregnancy and the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (URSO) in OC patients grouped according to a normal or raised GGT level. Paper-10094884. The present study confirms the high activity of AST and GGT in BM patients in the CSF whereas the increased activity of AST and LDH reflects the extent of brain injury. Paper-7951670. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb%) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase ( GGT) are indicators of tobacco and alcohol consumption; similarly, body weight broadly reflects dietary habits. Paper-4275012. The cyclosporin A-treated group had improvement in serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, suggesting a moderating effect on the course of the liver disease. Paper-7086398. Bone marrow cells from 121 consecutive patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed cytogenetically by standard banding techniques including RHG, GTG and CBG banding. Paper-170790. The predominate biochemical abnormalities in woodchucks with bile duct obstruction were hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia and increased serum AP and GGT activities. Paper-5085254. Double minutes (dmin) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) were observed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of four breast cancer patients using GTG banding. Paper-330872. Besides, the extracellular cleavage of GSH by GGT leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, depending on the generation and enhanced reactivity of cysteinylglycine (CysGly). Paper-8651008. Five factors were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) on multivariate analysis, namely presence of cirrhosis or ascites and elevations of AFP, ALKP or GGTP. Paper-13222490. A total of 858 GTG-banded mitoses from 61 women with different hematological malignancies were analyzed, 35 of them with normal karyotype and 26 with chromosome aberrations. Paper-6369084. In liver diseases, serum GGT is characterized by an altered affinity against lectins recognizing galactose, fucose and N-acetyglucosamine and by increased activation energy. Paper-6360280. The results suggest that GGT activity is expressed in hepatomas as a result of disturbed differentiation and that this expression is not necessarily linked to cell proliferation. Paper-4197575. Promotion by phenobarbital caused an increased expression of both of these genes in altered hepatic focal lesions, although this was somewhat more variable in the case of the GGT gene. Paper-6458727. Individual variations in serum GGT levels should be interpreted in relation to continued alcohol consumption, keeping in mind the long half-life for this enzyme in these patients. Paper-5091989. The metabolism of glutathione by membrane-bound &ggr;-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) has been recently recognized as a basal source of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Paper-8426440. Homocysteic acid and alanine, inhibitors of cystine and cysteine uptake, respectively, caused increased ROS content and diminished viability of GGT expressing cells. Paper-8952394. The multivariable-adjusted and coffee-adjusted hazard ratio of liver cancer for the highest versus the lowest quartile of serum GGT was 3.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.22-8.07). Paper-12875475. Data from this study suggests that while direct bilirubin is the most specific test, GGT is the most sensitive and has the fewest false negatives in the diagnosis of liver disease. Paper-3411215. Folic acid did not change gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in lung cancer tissue, but in thymoma tissue this substance in a concentration of 10(-3)M inhibited it by 16%. Paper-8743000. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that coffee may inhibit the induction of GGT in the liver by alcohol consumption, and may possibly protect against liver cell damage due to alcohol. Paper-1609405. Indicators of alcohol consumption: comparisons between a questionnaire (Mm-MAST), interviews and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) in a health survey of middle-aged males. Paper-4201845. METHODS: Two patients with infantile cystinosis developed cholestatic liver disease (increasing alkaline phosphatases, gamma-glutamyltransferase and mild increase in transaminases). Paper-12967049. Exercise training did not change liver attenuation, body weight, percent BF, bilirubin, or ALT concentration, but did lower WC (P < 0.0001), and decreased GGT in men only (P = 0.01). Paper-12958059. In agreement with our previous reports, the present data also provided significant evidence of lowered serum ALT and GGT activities in toluene-exposed males after age matching (p < 0.05). Paper-1347968. A linear regression that included alcohol dependence and levels of alcohol consumption confirmed that levels of serum GGT were significantly associated with the ADH1C*2 genotype. Paper-12337408. Blood ethanol estimations were not found useful as a screening test but GGT had a specificity of at least 27 percent for diagnosing high alcohol use in the general hospital situation. Paper-4480665. Coffee oils and brews containing cafestol consistently increased serum triglycerides and alanine amino-transferase, and depressed serum creatinine and gamma-glutamyl-transferase ( GGT). Paper-8220518. Initially, age >40 years (P=0.007), elevated ALT (P=0.01), grading of inflammatory activity (P=0.004) and staging of fibrosis (P<0.001) were found to be associated with elevated GGT levels. Paper-10332192. These results indicate that estimation of the two enzymes MAO and GGT may aid in the biochemical differentiation of the stages of schistosomiasis and their associated hepatic complications. Paper-4198245. At baseline, ALT, AST, and GGT were related to percent body fat (r = 0.16, 0.17, and 0.11, respectively), M (r = -0.32, - 0.28, and -0.24), and HGO (r = 0.27, 0.12, and 0.14; all P < 0.01). Paper-9210242. The analysis of GTG-banded metaphases revealed that the break-points were distributed non-randomly within the chromosomes and located mainly in 1p, 1q, 2p, 2p, 6q, 9q and 14q (p<10-6). Paper-1648109. gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) is a key enzyme implicated in the homeostasis of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and hence in the regulation of the cellular redox state. Paper-8651008. This study reports liver dysfunction secondary to extramedullary erythropoiesis in Rh alloimmunization and implicates portal hypertension for the rise in fetal GGT with transfusion. Paper-7191332. Patients infected with HCV subtype 1 had normal mean ALT levels, but higher levels in the follow-up period (28 +/- 15.6 IU/l) and higher ALT and GGT personal scores in the retrospective study. Paper-881174. Additional adjustment for year 0 alcohol consumption, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and physical activity attenuated this relationship, but GGT remained a significant predictor. Paper-9783796. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) were measured to determine their ranges in normal pregnancy. Paper-943126. Further research is ongoing among these workers, which will clarify whether or not electrophoretic GGT tests may be useful in detecting liver function changes due to occupational exposure to PCE. Paper-7213831. The usefulness of beta-hexosaminidase (uHex) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (uGGT) activity in urine as markers of chronic alcohol abuse was examined in male methadone programme participants. Paper-9276602. The patients with seminomas or dysgerminomas who were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, all had a complete response despite the absence of GGT expression in these tumours. Paper-1992425. Results showed that the genetic factors influencing AST, ALT, GGT and uric acid change over time during adolescence, and that the magnitude of these effects differs between males and females. Paper-12565080. The factors associated with increased risk of mortality were: allogeneic source of stem cells, delayed engraftment (>18 days), higher mean peak GGT (>250 U/L), and total bilirubin (>6 mg/dL). Paper-12179473. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study in Koreans, high baseline GGT and ALT concentrations predicted future development of MetS defined by IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria after 4 y of follow-up. Paper-13735136. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To investigate the association of Aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), Alanin aminotranferase (ALT) and Gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) with incident type 2 diabetes. Paper-12856743. ALT and GGT were inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.27 to -0.30, P < .049) and percentage body fat (r = -0.36 to -0.47, P < .007) but showed no relationship with lean body mass. Paper-12934448. In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship of mean corpuscular volume with smoking (p=0.001), gamma-glutamyltransferase (p<0.001), and total homocysteine (p=0.012). Paper-9067497. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) were studied in normal lymphoid cells and in 28 cases of human lymphomas (23 of non-Hodgkin's and 5 of Hodgkin's disease). Paper-5394201. Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase was differently associated with microalbuminuria by status of hypertension or diabetes: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults ( CARDIA) Study. Paper-11033493. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that serum TSA were affected by, and possibly related to, smoking, and that serum GGT, AST, ALT and serum TSA can be used as a marker for monitoring of alcohol abuse. Paper-10935370. The activity of AST and GGT was significantly higher in patients with BM on admission compared with those with AM and meningism (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively) and decreased with therapy. Paper-7951670. The appearance of GTG banded preparations and the results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies are consistent with duplication of the entire arm, including the telomere. Paper-1103462. The inverse association with body mass index and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase persisted during active supplementation, whereas the positive association with dietary beta-carotene disappeared. Paper-7508663. In this study we examined the effects of Cisplatin (1.6 x 10(-5)M) on the activity of GGT in astrocytic C6 glioma cells in cultures monitored for growth, morphology and differentiation. Paper-9919070. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum GGT and ALT levels are independent, additive risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in subjects without fatty liver or hepatic dysfunction. Paper-13524951. CONCLUSIONS: An elevated GGT occurs in less than one-third of patients with OC in the UK and, when present, is associated with greater impairment of LFT, but no difference in gestational age at onset. Paper-10094884. A new fluorescence method for demonstrating gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes using gamma-glutamyl-5-amino-4-methyl coumarin, a commercially available, non-carcinogenic substrate is described. Paper-3914935. One month later, serum transaminases had returned to baseline, but propafenone therapy was discontinued because of recurrent atrial fibrillation, persistent elevation in ALK, and elevation in GGT. Paper-7483274. Localization of a regulatory region on the 5'-untranslated region of human hepatoma HepG2 gamma-glutamyltransferase mRNA and response to dexamethasone and antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Paper-8160537. After multivariate regression analysis, histology grading 3 and 4 inflammation activity (P=0.01) and staging 3 and 4 fibrosis (P=0.01) remained independently associated with elevated GGT level. Paper-10332192. A full-length cDNA, encoding the human hepatoma HepG2 GGT, was subcloned in an expression vector under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter and was used to transfect V79 cells. Paper-6956464. Multiple forms of alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in urine of healthy persons, patients suffering from kidney diseases and patients with kidney transplants. Paper-4777587. Acivicin, a GGT inhibitor, mediated the in vivo catabolism inhibition of the glutathione S-conjugate generated from endogenous glutathione and exogenously supplied monochlorobimane. Paper-12151599. We found that y-glutamyl transpeptidase activity induces NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, an effect which is significantly reduced by the addition of GGT inhibitors ( Serine/Borate complex and Acivicin). Paper-9294623. The principal renal effect of iohexol was an increase of urinary alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. Paper-6806110. Two human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3, were used to study the effect of 5-azacytidine on GGT gene expression, via genomic DNA methylation, and GSH content. Paper-1656686. GTG-banded results showing low-percentage mosaicism for the structural rearrangement der(1)t(1;1)(p36.1;q23) in both tissues were corroborated by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. Paper-10997180. Eighty-six percent of patients experienced an elevation above the upper limit of normal in hepatic enzymes ( GGT 73%, AST 73%, ALT 64%, and AP 42% of patients), but not bilirubin, within 6 h postinfusion. Paper-13699871. The upper reference limits of cord blood exceeded those found in mother blood by a factor of eight for gamma-glutamyltransferase, and for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase by a factor of two. Paper-3410923. Stone-wool significantly reduced the activity of Cu,Zn/superoxide dismutase (SOD) in alveolar macrophages and significantly decreased the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) in pneumocytes type II. Paper-11517047. In 60 of 100 GTG-banded metaphases from peripheral blood lymphocytes, a ring chromosome smaller than a G group chromosome was found, which, according to reverse painting, consisted of Xq11.1q13. Paper-8853056. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of NT-proBNP with the severity of CAD, left ventricular dysfunction and comparison of predictive values of NT-proBNP, hs-CRP, GGT, and traditional CAD risk factors. Paper-13532526. When the patients were divided in two groups according to lipid basal plasma levels, those with high CHOL and triglyceride did not experience any modification of lipid parameters (only GGT were elevated). Paper-5657304. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the coding regions of human and rat keratinocyte transglutaminases (protein-glutamine: amine gamma-glutamyltransferase; EC 2.3.2.13) have been determined. Paper-6510985. Hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly was found in 11 of the 12; elevations of alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), and less frequently direct bilirubin were detected. Paper-9373886. For the 53 patients with alcoholic liver disease an assessment of recent alcohol consumption was made indirectly from measurements of red cell volume (MCV) and plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT). Paper-7213532. Methionine increased the intracellular glutathione (reduced) (GSH) pool and the specific gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity in the cephalosporin C (CPC) producer Acremonium chrysogenum. Paper-9746113. Circulating homocysteine, glutathione, gamma-glutamyltransferase and cysteinylglycine concentrations were higher in 34 VHL598C>T homozygotes than in 37 normal controls and cysteine was lower. Paper-12723309. To identify new DNA markers around the neurofibromatosis-2 gene on human chromosome 22, the critical region (22q12-q13.1) was microdissected and microcloned from GTG-banded metaphase chromosomes. Paper-6901375. Individual variations in the GGT activity of the blood lymphoid cell fraction (per mg protein) bore a significant inverse correlation to the number of white blood cells (WBC) as well as of blasts per ml blood. Paper-5463339. These results suggested that UDCA has the potential to reverse hepatocellular damage in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, in whom high GGT levels may be due, in part, to a damaged interlobular bile duct. Paper-719839. A mixture of ethynylestradiol plus norgestrel in the mass proportion occurring in Microgynon produced the same effects upon gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase as ethynylestradiol alone. Paper-6398425. Rabbit polyclonal anti-seminal gamma-glutamyltransferase serum reacted with the proximal convolution of the kidney and the bile capillaries of the liver, and with the epithelial cells of the reproductive organs. Paper-7953400. This revealed a marginal utility for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and the direct/total bilirubin ratio at specific cut-off points for the exclusion of extrahepatic cholestasis (PVneg 90%-100%). Paper-6092797. Based on sequence determination of exons within these distinct genomic clones, oligonucleotide primers were designed which would prime and PCR-amplify putative mRNA of all seven potential GGT genes, if expressed. Paper-7949267. For these reasons, when evaluating hepatic function in cases of anabolic steroid therapy or abuse, CK and GGT levels should be considered in addition to ALT and AST levels as essential elements of the assessment. Paper-1874946. Progesterone, the parent of norgestrel, shared the latter's suppressive activity for gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis, and behaved like its derivative towards the other enzymes. Paper-6398425. Karyotype analysis using a variety of chromosome techniques, QFQ, GTG, CBG, Ag-NOR and DA-DAPI, showed a deletion of chromosome 14q32.1-qter region in association with a supernumerary marker chromosome. Paper-7882222. One inhibitory mAb (3A8) was found to recognize the ecto-enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), a membrane protein involved in recycling extracellular glutathione and regulating intracellular redox potential. Paper-1670298. AIMS: A combined index based on gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements (GGT-CDT) has been recently suggested to improve the detection of excessive ethanol consumption. Paper-12210855. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, blood glucose, and monocyte low-density-lipoprotein receptor activity did not differ significantly between the two groups. Paper-6702019. The folate binding activity and the activity of the brush border membrane-marker enzyme, gamma-glutamyltransferase, were eightfold higher in brush border membranes compared to crude kidney homogenate. Paper-7396902. In one patient, both markers were affected in a parallel way, whereas two of those with frequent relapses responded to alcohol consumption with a marked increase in GGT, but with no or only a slight increase in CDT. Paper-582433. The authors studied the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) levels in epithelial cell cultures from human caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides. Paper-9802430. Measures included serum GGT, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides; resting blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference; and self-reported physical activity, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. Paper-13684925. Most parameters did not show any difference, but significant increase for CK activity and significant decrease for GGT, cholesterol, creatinine and chloride were seen when heparin was used as anticoagulant. Paper-12994680. No significant toxic changes over the 14-day assessment period occurred in complete blood count, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine amiotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Paper-13041731. Tandem MS reveals that the major binding sites correspond to GG and GTG, the known preferred binding sites for cisplatin, and demonstrates the preference for binding to guanosine within the oligonucleotide. Paper-13090060. METHODS: Human and plant cells were pretreated with the DNA intercalator 9-aminoacridine (9-AMA), and chromosomes were stained with GTG and aceto-orcein banding techniques and investigated by an image analysis system. Paper-10082369. In a separate experiment, Wholemounts of buccal pouch epithelium were used to detect and quantitate minute populations of GGT-stained cells induced in the epithelium by eight topical applications of DMBA over 4 weeks. Paper-3920088. We have explored a kinetic colorimetric method for measuring gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity in serum, using L-gamma-glutamyl-3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide and glycylglycine as donor and acceptor substrates. Paper-5440404. METHODS: Bone marrow chromosome studies with GTG bands were performed in 150 pediatric patients with ALL who were naive to antileukemic treatment and aged from 5 months to 16 years; the majority was diagnosed as L1. Paper-8984623. Fourteen salivary gland type tumors were analyzed with a combination of conventional cytogenetics via GTG-banding, molecular cytogenetics via fluorescent in situ hybridization, and chromosome morphometry. Paper-697700. Three of the 16 AFs had an abnormal residual ALP activity pattern, low GGT and low phe-inhibitable ALP activity; these pregnancies were assessed to be affected by cystic fibrosis and termination was chosen in each case. Paper-5273971. Mean corpuscular volume, thrombocyte count and levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, urate, and triglycerides were analyzed in 100 previously untreated female alcoholics. Paper-5755368. Additional adjustment for all of the other liver enzymes attenuated these associations, but serum GGT remained a significant risk factor for the risk of both metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (P for trend <0.001 for both). Paper-10431966. A de novo interstitial deletion of part of the long arm of chromosome 10 [del(10)(q11.2q21)] was identified by GTG (G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa) banding in a 9-year-old girl with mental retardation and minor anomalies. Paper-5082705. A decrease of GGT activity during the 1st week of hospitalization was noted in alcoholics with (-9 IU/liter) or without (-13 IU/liter) cirrhosis and not in nonalcoholic cirrhosis (+8 IU/liter), without MCV variations. Paper-6507372. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) for %CDT, GGT, AST, and ALT were 0.823 (0.755-0.891), 0.578 (0.484-0.673), 0.622 (0.528-0.717), and 0.516 (0.420-0.613), respectively. Paper-13411660. These observations support the use of serum GGT activity in the rat as diagnostic of bile duct cell necrosis when increases are detected shortly after the insult and as an indicator of possible bile duct hyperplasia. Paper-4806774. Carboplatin challenge of HeLa cells induced GGT and glutamate-cystine ligase (GCL) activities by 2- and 1.4-fold, respectively and concomitantly increased the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level (1.5-fold). Paper-9956535. In contrast to its absence in normal and hyperplastic bronchial mucosa, gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) has been demonstrated on the luminal surface of adenocarcinoma cells of bronchogenic cancer in three cases studied. Paper-3916141. The data show that GGT is regulated by multiple mechanisms during anti-tumor drug treatment and oxidative stress and that reactive oxygen species were involved in the menadione, but not cisplatin, induction of the enzyme. Paper-8628355. Moreover, abnormal liver function as represented by elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, GGT, and serum alkaline phosphatase was observed more frequently in patients with iron overload than in patients with a lower degree of iron burden. Paper-10084275. Plasma unconjugated bilirubin kinetics, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) and urinary excretion of d-glucaric acid were determined in 7 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, before and after phenobarbital treatment. Paper-4186711. The present paper illustrates the utility of FISH by describing a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who was initially studied using GTG-banding and whose bone marrow was found to be populated with hyperdiploid cells. Paper-1657077. The present experiments also indicate that the primary cause for increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities associated with prolonged alcohol consumption is hepatic enzyme induction rather than liver cell injury. Paper-4470467. The duplication was identified by means of GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a probe specific for 8p12 generated by microdissection and degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction. Paper-8594152. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curves ( AUC) of GGT and ALT to predict future MetS by both criteria was larger than the AUCs of blood pressure, fasting glucose and HDL-C. Paper-13735136. By conventional GTG-banding, his karyotype was first interpreted as 46,XY,del(1)(q23q24), but it was corrected as 46,XY.ish del(1)(q24q25.3) by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 11 known cosmid clones as probes. Paper-961931. Of the many non-cancer health effects thought to be associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure, only chloracne, elevations in GGT and triglyceride levels, and alterations in FSH and LH were related to serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. Paper-8366562. The exoenzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT) removes the glutamate from extracellular GSH, producing cysteinyl-glycine from which a dipeptidase then generates cysteine, an amino acid often limiting for de novo GSH synthesis. Paper-9306315. Other predictors of viremia included thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated GGT, and total bilirubin level, with a stepwise increase in viremia seen as the number of abnormal biochemical predictors increased. Paper-10268717. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid were positively correlated with consumption of alcohol, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, and mean corpuscular volume, while linoleic acid was negatively correlated with these variables. Paper-4996252. We conclude that, even if alcohol drinking has some impact on GGT, MCV, HDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol (males), these tests are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be used as screening tests for heavy drinking in young students. Paper-7885072. CONCLUSION: Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease. Paper-13149941. Those given sevoflurane anesthesia (n = 7) had significant decreases in serum albumin, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase peptidase, cholinesterase, and glucose postoperatively compared with preoperative values. Paper-13634793. In the present study, the analysis of CAs induced by DEB in vitro on human whole blood lymphocytes was performed by using three methods of chromosome visualisation: Giemsa-staining, GTG banding and chromosome painting (FISH). Paper-1648109. Using GTG chromosome banding and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, we determined the cytogenetic aberration in the husband of a couple with spontaneous recurrent abortions. Paper-12132118. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, we have previously evidenced that, in MDS patients with normal GTG banding and a fatal outcome, the PI-PLCbeta1 gene undergoes monoallelic and interstitial deletion. Paper-12138368. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels as well as gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were investigated in 40 patients with acute pancreatitis (AcP) and in 46 selected normolipidemic control subjects. Paper-4438790. In the present study, we investigated the nature of the oxidative stress generate by glutathione and GGT and the possibility that this stress affects the activity of NF-kappaB a prototypical oxidant-stress-responsive transcription factor. Paper-9294623. Here we describe the dissection of the Langer-Giedion syndrome region on chromosome 8 from GTG-banded metaphase chromosomes (G-banding with trypsin-Giemsa) and the universal enzymatic amplification of the dissected DNA. Paper-6193322. International normalizing ratio ( INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, ALT, AST, gamma-glutanyl transpeptidase ( GGT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and total bilirubin were analyzed before and after TPE. Paper-10887159. Abdominal metastases were determined by abdominal pain/tension, hepatomegaly, elevated GGT levels, serum LDH levels >500 IU, a N2 or N3 case, KPS</=70, sensitivity of 95.9, specificity of 7.1, PPV of 13.3, NPV of 92.1 and SMR of 4.1%. Paper-12557297. After chromosomal in situ suppression hybridization to GTG-banded human prometaphase chromosomes, seven of nine initially isolated YAC clones yielded strong signals exclusively in the chromosome bands containing the respective genes. Paper-58323. Chromosome analysis by GTG banding on amniocytes suggested a del(19)(q13.1q13.3), but the analysis of microsatellites by PCR demonstrated that the deletion involved the distal segment of q12 and the proximal segment of q13.1 (15 cM). Paper-1707552. Serum F protein concentration significantly correlated with serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin (all P less than 0.001) and also with the prothrombin time (P = 0.048). Paper-6392355. We conclude that GGT should be considered to be included in the regular health screening of VCM workers, and that the SSB method may not be suitable for long-term monitoring of cumulative exposure because of the quick DNA repair mechanism in humans. Paper-292944. We tested the blood plasma of both control and treated animals twice each week for elevated concentrations of the liver enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT), glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (GADH), amino aspartate transferase (AST) and bilirubin. Paper-9706030. In ALL lymphocytes, however, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) failed to stimulate GGT expression; the mean increase it caused in thymidine kinase (TK) activity and thymidine incorporation was normal, though there were appreciable individual variations. Paper-6385367. A trisomy 17pter --> p11.2 derived from a supernumerary de novo satellited marker was identified by GTG bands and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) in amniocytes of a fetus with malformations and intrauterine growth retardation ( IUGR). Paper-1707894. In a series of 25 Japanese patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, we screened, by high-resolution GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization of a cosmid probe (RT1, D16S237), for microdeletions associated with this syndrome. Paper-8105635. Loss of glutathione (GSH) from media and accumulation of intracellular GSH of cells pretreated with 1 nM R1881 occur at a higher rate than in control cells, suggesting that a greater rate of GSH salvage is associated with the increased GGT activity. Paper-1058767. The activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is frequently upregulated in tumor cells after oxidative stress and may thus increase the availability of amino acids needed for biosynthesis of the antioxidant glutathione. Paper-11383262. Results indicated that admission estimates of SGOT and LDH levels, the height of the bilirubin peak and the postoperative day on which it occurs, and the white cell count and GGT at the time of the peak may be of use in the differential diagnosis. Paper-2608631. Patients with fatal infections had thrombocytopenia and markedly elevated levels of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, bilirubin, creatinine, and urea. Paper-6464749. Comparable results have also been noted in the liver, where a group of newly isolated hepatocarcinogens, peroxisome proliferators (PP), also characteristically deplete the GGT activity and placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P), another tumor marker. Paper-7214968. Besides biochemical liver function tests (serum bilirubin levels, GOT, GGT), antipyrine metabolic clearance rate, mentholglucuronide production, urinary D-glucaric acid excretion and sulphadimidine kinetics were determined. Paper-4812885. Using EDTA as an anticoagulant caused a significant difference in the amounts of some measured parameters in plasma except glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, bilirubin, and triglyceride in comparison with serum. Paper-12994680. Using ERC as a reference, the sensitivity and selectivity of ductal dilatation at US and the elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase and total bilirubin in the serum were studied for the detection of common bile duct (CBD) stones. Paper-296301. In multivariate analysis, synchronous metastases (P = .015), unresectable liver metastases at diagnosis (P = .034), GGT plasma level > 1.5N (P = .028), and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (P < .01) were risk factors for sinusoidal lesions. Paper-13678822. A weak and poorly estimated relationship was observed between elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and bioavailability, although hepatic markers such as GGT, LDH, total protein, and liver metastases and age had no effect on vinorelbine pharmacokinetics. Paper-9633311. Patients with normal ALT were significantly older, had lower body mass index, fasting triglycerides, insulin resistance according to homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), ALT, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, but a higher prevalence of hypertension. Paper-12925795. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships of alcohol consumption, assessed by a standardized questionnaire, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), to forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) level and decline over 10 years, in working men. Paper-899419. From stratified analyses by body mass index (BMI) and alcohol intake, a stronger linear association between serum GGT and development of IFG or type 2 diabetes was found in men with a BMI >/=23.2 kg m-2 in both those who drank <46 and >/=46 g day-1 of ethanol. Paper-9835852. For this purpose, an NcoI site was inserted into the cDNA coding for the lectin precursor [Arango, R., Rozenblatt, S. & Sharon, N. (1990) FEBS Lett. 264, 109-112] immediately before the codon GTG (103-105) which codes for the N-terminal valine of the mature lectin. Paper-59005. The relative frequency of an abnormally elevated laboratory value was greater than 50% in several tests, including levels of hemoglobin A(1c), follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone in men, and gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase in women. Paper-12083677. Serum enzymes ( aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase (CK] were measured in 296 young persons who admitted to recent inhalation of solvents, usually toluene based glues. Paper-4758231. We analyzed genomic alterations of an atypical meningioma using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) karyotyping combined with GTG-banding, multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and locus-specific FISH. Paper-12876188. Patients with OSAS had lower TAS (1.4+/-0.16 versus 1.50+/-0.10 mmol.L-1), vitamin A (64+/-19 versus 74+/-17 microg.dL-1) and vitamin E levels (1,525+/-499 versus 1,774+/-503 microg.dL-1), and increased values of GGT (42+/-22 versus 32+/-16 U.L-1) than controls. Paper-11372907. Data Sources and Study Selection: A MEDLINE search was performed for key words related to hepatic tests, including quality specifications, aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, bilirubin, albumin, ammonia, and viral markers. Paper-8615358. We report two cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with tetrasomy 8 detected in patients' bone marrow samples using chromosome GTG-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and primed in situ labeling ( PRINS) techniques. Paper-8713944. In univariate statistics, patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were also older, more often had previous symptoms of cerebral ischemia, and had higher values for body mass index and gamma-glutamyltransferase than did those with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Paper-626055. The blood tests examined in survival analyses were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin (Hb), leucocyte and thrombocyte count, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatinine and albumin. Paper-7651541. 2. The distribution of particulate alkaline phosphatase and, to a lesser degree, leucine 2-naphthylamidase followed that of 5'-nucleotidase. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was associated with membranes of significantly higher equilibrium density than was 5'-nucleotidase. Paper-3000460. GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome 3 paint probe (WCP3) and a chromosome 3p subtelomeric probe suggested a duplication of 3p25.3p26.2, a finding supported by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Paper-11311298. 1. Serum bile acids in seven patients with adult type myotonic dystrophy and 22 normal persons were quantitatively analysed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase and bilirubin. Paper-4206589. In 44 patients with definite diagnoses, the sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of each laboratory test for patients with liver disease were 88 +/- 5.7% and 64 +/- 14.5% (ALP isoenzymes); 88 +/- 5.7% and 91 +/- 8.6% ( GGT); and 6 +/- 4.1% and 91 +/- 8.6% (ALT). Paper-4475111. We studied the kinetic measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC.2.3.2.2), coupling the reaction with that catalyzed by bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5), which oxidizes and combines a phenylenediamine derivative with an aniline derivative to produce a green pigment. Paper-5116185. A mild elevation of the activity of hepatic enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alanine amino-transferase, angiotensin-converting enzyme) has been observed in patients under T4 treatment in TSH-suppressive doses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Paper-8153321. Histochemically, GGT was shown to be located in the wall of bile canaliculi when synthesis was low in early development, but to be distributed, in addition, all over the cell membrane of the fetal hepatocytes when synthesis was high at the later stage of development. Paper-6502334. In a first study gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammaGT) activity was found to exceed the upper limit of the normal in 70% of the 36 subjects from a rural community in Northern Transylvania who were known by the local physician as being addicted to alcohol since at least five years. Paper-3637776. Hemolysis interference was significant for alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-amylase, bilirubin, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase-1, potassium, and theophylline assays. Paper-7667555. Independent factors associated with SVR, according to multiple logistic regression analysis, were amantadine treatment, low baseline HCV RNA, platelet counts (>/=250/nL), pretreatment ALT quotient >/=3, and GGT level (<28 U/L) as well as HCV genotypes other than 1. Paper-9698667. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group of glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl amides to water ( hydrolysis) or to amino acids and peptides (transpeptidation) and plays a central role in glutathione metabolism. Paper-12443889. Serum cholesterol level as well as serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) were measured in 65 samples of bone marrow blood and in matched peripheral blood taken from patients with various hematological diseases. Paper-1060623. A de novo direct duplication of 9p22-->p24 was shown in a child with a duplication 9p phenotype by GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a chromosome-9 specific painting probe as well as 6 YAC DNA probes localized to the 9p13-9p23 region. Paper-1465240. We conducted a focused cytogenetic study in an HL60 cell line, by analyzing GTG-banded chromosomes before and after treatment with pisosterol (at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.8 mug/ml), a triterpene isolated from Pisolithus tinctorius, a fungus collected in the Northeast of Brazil. Paper-13077459. The use of tenoxicam has recently increased and it is reported in the literature that treatments lasting between a few weeks to three months caused increases in serum alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) and bilirubin in humans. Paper-2185866. Monoclonal antibody 138H11 against human gamma-glutamyltransferase has been shown to react immunohistochemically with 98% of all tested clear-cell type and chromophilic renal cell carcinomas, but not with renal chromophobic carcinomas, Duct-Bellini carcinomas or oncocytomas. Paper-7215246. After purification by chromatography, the recombinant protein showed enzymatic activity typical of GGT, catalyzing the degradation of Na-gamma-glutamyl-4-nitroaniline (GNA) and the hydrolysis of glutathione, releasing glutamic acid or glutamine and cysteinylglycine. Paper-9848646. In isolated apical vesicles (enriched 8-fold in gamma-glutamyltransferase), L-glutamate, L-proline, L-alanine, alpha-methyl D-glucoside and inorganic phosphate transport were stimulated by an inwardly directed Na+-gradient as compared to an inwardly directed K+-gradient. Paper-5694338. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was purified to apparent homogeneity from human adult liver, fetal liver and hepatoma by deoxycholate extraction, immunoaffinity chromatography, papain digestion, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Paper-5120373. Our further experiments showed that the addition of recombinant GGT to Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium without significant glutathione-metabolizing capacity, drastically increased the utilization of glutathione by the bacterium, producing H(2)S, ammonia, and pyruvate. Paper-9848646. DESIGN AND METHODS: Conventional cytogenetic studies using GTG (G bands by trypsin using Giemsa) and CBG (C bands by barium hydroxide using Giemsa) techniques were performed on chromosomes at metaphase obtained from cultured amniocytes and parental blood lymphocytes. Paper-11377859. Multivariate analysis found that the following were risk factors for surgical mortality: gamma-glutamyltransferase level > 75 UI/ml (p = 0.007), weight loss = 10% (p = 0.05), and digestive toxicity World Health Organization grade III or IV during PRCT (p = 0.019). Paper-11120783. In this study the urine activities of two brush border membrane enzymes, alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ( GGT), and the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured in men exposed to cadmium to investigate chronic renal toxicity. Paper-6475146. We hypothesized that serum concentrations of GGT and ALT are associated with the development of MetS, according to newly recommended criteria from International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) definition in Koreans. Paper-13735136. Age, serum total protein, mean cell volume (MCV), and gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) were positively associated with SF, whereas percent energy from carbohydrate and fat, calcium intake, serum alpha-carotene, and iron binding capacity (TIBC) were inversely associated with SF (P < 0.01). Paper-13082900. Urinary protein patterns, N-acetylglucosamine and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, fractional sodium and potassium excretions, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, and erythrocyte Na+/K+-ATPase activities were determined in 65 subjects, of whom 49 were born with LBW. Paper-8574390. Sodium butyrate was used to enhance biosynthesis rates of recombinant human gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) expressed under the control of the SV40 or the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, respectively, in transfected V79 and CHO Chinese hamster cell lines. Paper-7864424. To test the hypothesis that 'social' ethanol consumption causes obesity by a hepatotoxic mechanism, the relationships between alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) and body build were investigated in 816 adult patients, 491 males and 325 females. Paper-6411193. All-cause mortality increased with elevated GGT (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8), as did mortality from liver disease (HR, 13.0; 95% CI, 2.4-71.5), neoplasms (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.01-2.2), and diabetes (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.6), but not from cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.80-2.0). Paper-13596793. Poor linear correlations between log 5-FU Cl and hepatic function tests were observed (respective r and P values for 222 cycles, log AST:0.0526, 0.4365; Log ALT: -0.1167, 0.0842; Log A1K. Phos.:0.154, 0.0214; Log GGT: 0.0652, 0.3436; Log LDH: -0.0984, 0.1563; Log bilirubin: 0.1278, 0.0601). Paper-7316518. In addition, maleate lowered both intracellular and extracellular glutathione levels and enhanced sensitivity of TuWi cells to azaserine, while serine-borate, a potent inhibitor of GGT, increased extracellular glutathione levels and inhibited azaserine toxicity. Paper-4778032. AAP activity was declining with the progression of gestation, and in the B group women with oligohydramnios, it was over eight times lower than in group A. A threefold increase in GGT activity was found in women of group A with oligohydramnios as compared to women of group A with PROM. Paper-8878802. S-Carbamidomethyl glutathione, a model compound for glutathione S-conjugate, was demonstrated to be sequentially hydrolyzed by gamma-glutamyltransferase (5-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase; EC 2.3.2.2) and peptidase(s) bound to rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. Paper-3925932. In multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, fasting glucose, and ALT, the highest quartile of GGT remained significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Paper-13524951. In whole blood stored for 7 days at + 9 degrees C, only the following serum analytes satisfied the stability requirements of the guidelines: calcium, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and cholinesterase. Paper-305432. The following parameters were measured on admission: blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, hematocrit, fibrinogen, prothrombin levels, platelet counts, prothrombin time, bilirubin, transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Paper-186538. Among men, all four markers examined--gamma-glutamyltransferase ( GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) activities, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)--were predictive of medical sequelae and health-care utilization over a 3-year period. Paper-7873872. Among the patients treated with clofibrate, no change from baseline was found in mean ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), GGT, bilirubin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, or in histological grade of steatosis, inflammation, or fibrosis after 12 months of treatment as compared with entry. Paper-585858. By regression analysis, the parameters used in combination to differentiate the presence or absence of fibrosis were age, GGT, the parameter of blood flow of portal vein per minute, the maximum oblique diameter of right liver by B ultrasound, the wavy hepatic surface contour by CT and/or MR. Paper-10160062. Normal GGT activity was observed in all nine amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies with fetuses affected with different forms of inborn errors of metabolism diseases, in the two pregnancies with hemophilia A and in the pregnancy with a male fetus with fragile X syndrome. Paper-5465410. Risk factors for coronary heart disease involved smoking, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure, and for alcohol-related deaths involved gamma-glutamyltransferase, an alcoholism screening questionnaire and, inversely, serum cholesterol and serum creatinine. Paper-5118646. Initially, what appeared to be a simple paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 9, that is, 46,XY, inv(9)(q31q34) by routine GTG-banding technique was later determined to be a paracentric inversion with deletion of the band 9q34.1 by FISH technique using an abl unique sequence DNA probe. Paper-962181. Estradiol, the parent hormone of ethynylestradiol, lacked the inducing capability of the latter while ethynylpropargyl chloride induced gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase so it was concluded the inducing effect of ethynylestradiol must be ascribed to the ethynyl radical. Paper-6398425. The results indicate that after an average of twelve days sobriety, the clinical assessment of ataxia is a more consistent guide to chronic alcoholism than a previous history of intervention by a therapeutic agency or the more complex tests of mean cell volume (MCV) or gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT). Paper-5444175. gamma-Glutamyltransferase from human hepatoma and the surrounding non-neoplastic liver tissue was purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography and characterized with regard to molecular weight, isoelectric point (pI), amino acid composition, hexosamine content and affinity for various lectins. Paper-5118737. The kidney ( creatinine, urea-N, uric acid, triglyceride, cholsterin) and liver (SGOT, SGPT, GGT, bilirubin) functions and plasma electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Cl) of the mothers were also examined and blood was collected from the pulsating umbilical artery for determination of the same parameters. Paper-1165988. Microvillar enzymes (disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) were assayed in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with normal and abnormal fetuses to determine their specificity and reliability for the prenatal detection of intestinal obstructions and cystic fibrosis. Paper-5776665. The apo AI concentration was positively associated with age and lifestyle variables such as alcohol consumption and physical activity, and negatively associated with body mass index and self-reported myocardial infarction. gamma-Glutamyltransferase was positively associated with apo AI in both sexes. Paper-10269577. Total lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased at 7, 10, and 14 days exposure to gentamicin greater than or equal to 5.0 mg/ml. gamma-Glutamyltransferase, acid phosphatase, and sphingomyelinase were decreased at 3, 7, and 10 days exposure to gentamicin greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/ml. Paper-5441764. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) due to carbon tetrachloride treatment were dose dependently restored towards normalization. Paper-11370720. Significant but lesser positive correlations were found between WBAA and other variables that increase with age, including glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), and creatinine in the entire data set. Paper-7562745. Multivariable logistic regression analysis taking into account maternal age, gestational age at OGTT, body mass index and a positive 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) indicated that high GGT was an independent risk factor for GDM (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.1 95% CI 1.2-3.8: P = 0.01). Paper-13047023. Prenatal chromosome analysis of amniotic cells showed a male fetus to carry an unusual marker D chromosome containing extra genetic material on the short arm, which could be interpreted as a possible t(D;G) or t(D;Fq) unbalanced translocation using non-branded preparations or a routine GTG band method. Paper-3782979. Findings on liver function tests and levels of serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) on days 2, 10, 30, and 90 after transplantation were measured in order to predict early (6 months) patient outcome (mortality and sepsis) and initial poor functioning graft. Paper-10265340. No correlation was found between glucaric acid excretion and concentrations of bilirubin, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, or gamma-glutamyltransferase in serum, even though the concentrations of these analytes did vary with the type of liver disease. Paper-2992609. Plasma biochemical values were established for glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, enzymatic CO2, albumin, total protein, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, magnesium, aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and uric acid. Paper-8539939. In the normal fetuses studied within that period, creatinine, immunoglobulin M, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase increased; haemoglobin F and glucose progressively decreased; and alkaline phosphatase was at a peak around the 26th week; cholesterol and triglycerides were always low. Paper-6514546. A statistical model was developed with a formula of [formula: see text] A curve of receiver operating characteristics was constructed to identify an alkaline phosphatase level greater than 300 U/L or a gamma-glutamyltransferase level greater than 420 mU/mL which would have both higher sensitivity and specificity. Paper-8870075. Physical activity was associated with serum insulin level and with factors associated with insulin, ie, heart rate, hyperuricemia, diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and with gamma-glutamyltransferase level, a possible marker of hepatic insulin resistance. Paper-8413009. After excluding 1,360 men with a possible pathologic condition influencing liver enzyme levels and 182 former alcohol drinkers, effect of coffee drinking on serum GGT was examined by a multiple linear regression model and analysis of variance adjusting for alcohol drinking, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). Paper-8314710. Several clinical laboratory tests correlate with alcohol consumption, for example, the plasma activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), the concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and uric acid ( UA) and the erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Paper-3906843. METHODS: In 73 consecutive patients with initially nonoliguric ATN, we measured urinary excretion of alpha(1)- and beta(2)-microglobulin, cystatin C, retinol-binding protein, alpha-glutathione S-transferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase early in the course of ATN. Paper-10365751. We investigated the association between the serum level of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and parameters of adiposity and lipid profile, including the serum triglyceride ( TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic subjects. Paper-12679364. Age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction derived from 2-D echocardiography, serum sodium (Na), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT), creatinine, uric acid levels, white blood cell counts and drugs used on admission were the selected parameters as predictors of in-hospital mortality in these patients. Paper-11484771. We report our results of cytogenetic analysis with GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using dual color dual fusion probe (D-FISH) from Vysis Inc, USA in 169 (109 male and 60 female) CML patients registered at The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute (GC and RI) from April 2004 to December 2005. Paper-12334247. In the present investigation, the levels of cellular thiols such as reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidised glutathione ( GSSG), protein thiols (PSH), total thiols, lipid peroxidation product conjugated dienes and the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase ( GGT) were assessed in tongue and oral cavity. Paper-11412103. Serum samples were obtained concurrently to determine endogenous creatinine clearance (CL), total (TE) and fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, P), electrolyte CL, urine and serum osmolality, urine enzyme activities ( gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase), and urine protein concentration. Paper-372777. Acetaldehyde-modified hemoglobins appear to have at least the same sensitivity (chromatographic determination = 50% and immunologic determination = 50%) to detect heavy drinking as the most widely accepted conventional biochemical markers of alcohol abuse, gamma-glutamyltransferase (39%) or mean corpuscular volume (17%). Paper-7413974. The ANOVA results suggest an age effect on hematologic ( mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, neutrophils) and serum clinical chemical ( creatinine, total protein, globulin, tryglycerides, direct bilirubin, iron, ( gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase) values. Paper-10132910. Significant predictors of 6-month mortality were serum bilirubin >/=10 mg/dL [ odds ratio (OR) 9.05, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.6-49.6] and INR >1.6 (OR 9.11, CI 1.5-54.8) on day 10; significant predictors were high serum ALP level on day 30 (OR 1.005, 1.001-1.01) and high GGT level on day 90 (OR 1.005, CI 1.001-1.01). Paper-10265340. In contrast, the S-conjugates formed from fluoro- and chloroalkenes yield S-alkyl- or S-vinyl glutathione conjugates, respectively, which are metabolized to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugates by gamma-glutamyltransferase and dipeptidases; inhibition of these enzymes blocks the toxicity of the glutathione S-conjugates. Paper-5797334. The present paper analyses the alterations in sensitivity, specificity and in the positive predictive value (PPV) of GGT as a state marker of alcohol abuse when used either alone or in combination with glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), glutamate oxalacetate (SGOT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Paper-5087001. We have measured serum levels of alanine amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase ( GGT) in approximately 21,000 men attending for routine health screening, and related these to behavioural factors such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, exercise level and obesity. Paper-6470668. This study was undertaken to assess possible variations in body weight, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1C, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, SGPT, SGOT, GGT and bilirubin in women bearing a single subdermal Silastic implant containing 55 mg (10%) of nomegestrol acetate during two years. Paper-455286. We evaluated the analytical performance of the EPOS (Eppendorf Patient Oriented System) Automated Selective Chemistry Analyzer, using the following tests for serum analytes: alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose. Paper-5157156. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A, A1, and B and gamma-glutamyltransferase (ggt) serum concentrations were measured in 100 adult epileptic patients receiving chronic phenytoin (PHT) treatment and in 100 control subjects. Paper-7209319. As data on alcohol consumption obtained by questionnaire are susceptible to misclassification, this study evaluated the association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), as a marker for alcohol consumption, and fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke in three European cohort studies, participating in EUROSTROKE. Paper-9363817. We have isolated two clones, one 2,632 base pairs (bp) long from a fetal liver cDNA library and one 926 bp long from an adult liver cDNA library, each containing a 22-bp insertion that introduces a premature stop codon and shortens the open reading frame to 1,098 bp when compared with known human cDNA sequences specific for GGT. Paper-6501373. The risk factors which were sought included the presence or absence of asymptomatic cryoglobulinaemia, abnormal total protein, albumin, individual gamma globulin or complement C3 or C4 levels, plasma hyperviscosity or evidence of chronic alcoholism manifesting as high haemoglobin, PCV, RBC, MCV or gamma glutamyl transpeptidase ( GGT). Paper-4727054. The subjects in the comparison group were advised by the general practitioner to cut their alcohol consumption, while those in the intervention group made further visits to their general practitioner, who gave general support and used an elevated GGT as an indication of the recent level of alcohol consumption at consecutive visits. Paper-6393904. The urinary enzymes alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) were measured in 66 healthy persons and 52 patients suffering from chronic renal diseases ( pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis). Paper-5732419. Two diploid numbers and five karyomorphs were found in ten specimens of Rhipidomys ( Sigmodontinae, Rodentia) from three states in Brazil: 2n = 50 from Amazonas, and 2n = 44 from Mato Grosso and Bahia. CBG, GTG, and RBG-banding and Ag-NOR analyses were performed, as well as fluorescence in situ: hybridization with (T2AG3)7 probes. Paper-2198542. At baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12, the following parameters were monitored: BP, creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin, glucose, ions, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, proteinuria, and both cyclosporine and FK-506 levels in whole blood. Paper-1717468. METHODS: Death certificate-based 12-year mortality was analyzed among 14,950 adult participants in the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, who were negative for markers of viral hepatitis B and C. Abnormal ALT was defined as >30 U/L in men or >19 U/L in women, and abnormal GGT as >51 U/L in men or >33 U/L in women. Paper-13596793. Conventional cytogenetic procedures ( GTG, CBG and NOR banding) and molecular cytogenetic techniques ( Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, FISH) were performed on high-resolution chromosomes obtained after peripheral blood lymphocyte culture as also on interphase nuclei of spermatogenic cells from semen samples. Paper-9272558. Although the proportion of subjects with elevated levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase, an index of alcoholic liver disease, was similar in the two groups, thiamine-deficient hostel-dwellers had a greater proportion of elevated values suggesting that thiamine deficiency was related to both inadequate diet and excessive alcohol consumption. Paper-5776901. Therefore, we performed comprehensive cytogenetic analyses of an esthesioneuroblastoma, Hyam's grade III-IV, using trypsin-Giemsa staining ( GTG banding), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and locus-specific FISH complemented by molecular karyotyping using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Paper-13126383. We have found significantly elevated values of salivary GGT in cirrhosis of the liver (8.3 +/- 0.9 [mean +/- SEM] units/L), hepatic tumors (10.4 +/- 1.3 units/L), acute cholecystitis (18.3 +/- 2 units/L), acute pancreatitis (15.1 +/- 2.4 units/L), diabetic ketoacidosis (11.6 +/- 1 units/L), and Sjögren's syndrome (19.6 +/- 4.8 units/L). Paper-4726162. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes we also measured the activity of two other enzymes of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, 5'-nucleotidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, the uptake of [3H]thymidine by the intact cells, and the effects of cycloheximide, puromycin, and anisomycin, inhibitors of protein synthesis. Paper-5776533. The chromosomal constitution based on QFQ (Q bands by fluorescence using quinacrine) RFA (R bands by fluorescence using acridine orange), GTG (G band by Giemsa using trypsin), and CBG (C band by Giemsa using barium hydroxide) techniques was 46, XX, duplicated (9; q12), inverted (9; p12q12.1) in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. Paper-3120232. GGT is involved in a number of biological events, such as drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells by detoxification of xenobiotics and reactive oxygen species through glutathione metabolism, and is also implicated in physiological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, neurodegerative disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Paper-12443889. Using high-resolution GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with several probes, including bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), the karyotype was defined as 46,XX,del(9)(p23)[54]/46,XX,der(9)t(1;9)(q41;p23)[46], indicating the presence of monosomy 9p23 in all cells and trisomy 1q41 in approximately 50% of the cells. Paper-10839252. Mosaicism was identified in peripheral blood cells examined by standard G-bands by trypsin using Giemsa ( GTG) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with chromosome-18 region-specific probes, 46,XX,del(18)(pter --> q21.33:)[41], 46,XX,r(18)(::p11.21 --> q21.33::)[8], and 46,XX,der(18)(pter --> q21.33::p11.21 --> pter)[1]. Paper-13011284. These synonyms are used for gene GGT1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1): MGC96963, MGC96904, MGC96892, GTG, GGT 1, GGT, Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1, Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1, D22S732, D22S672, CD224. These accession numbers are used for gene GGT1: Q8TBS1 (UNIPROT__AC), Q08247 (UNIPROT__AC), CAG30380 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), AAH69473 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC). GGT1 is a homologue of transpeptidase (hypothetical protein) from Caenorhabditis elegans. GGT1 is a homologue of Os04g0457500 (Os04g0457500) from Oryza sativa Japonica Group. GGT1 is a homologue of NCU01753 (hypothetical protein) from Neurospora crassa OR74A. GGT1 is a homologue of MGG_02134 (hypothetical protein) from Magnaporthe grisea 70-15. GGT1 is a homologue of LOC569014 (similar to gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Danio rerio. GGT1 is a homologue of KLLA0C05236g (hypothetical protein) from Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT2 (GGT2 (GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE 2); gamma-glutamyltransferase/...) from Arabidopsis thaliana. GGT1 is a homologue of ggt2 (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase Ggt2) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT1 (GGT1 (GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE 1); gamma-glutamyltransferase/...) from Arabidopsis thaliana. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Bos taurus. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Pan troglodytes. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Gallus gallus. GGT1 is a homologue of GGT1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Canis lupus familiaris. GGT1 is a homologue of Ggt1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Mus musculus. GGT1 is a homologue of ggt1 (gamma-glutamyltransferase 1) from Danio rerio. GGT1 is a homologue of ggt1 (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase Ggt1 (PMID 15052323)) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. GGT1 is a homologue of Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (hypothetical protein) from Caenorhabditis elegans. GGT1 is a homologue of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (hypothetical protein) from Caenorhabditis elegans. GGT1 is a homologue of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (hypothetical protein) from Caenorhabditis elegans. GGT1 is a homologue of ECM38 (Ecm38p) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GGT1 is a homologue of CG4829 (CG4829 gene product from transcript CG4829-RB) from Drosophila melanogaster. GGT1 is a homologue of AGOS_AAR144W (AAR144Wp) from Ashbya gossypii ATCC 10895. GGT1 is a homologue of AgaP_AGAP000853 (AGAP000853-PA) from Anopheles gambiae str. PEST. Important links ! iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins . 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