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Protein tyrosine kinase in colorectal adenoma. Paper-7694041.
HCB decreased microsomal PTK activity in tumors. Paper-11335700.
Src protein tyrosine kinase family and acute lung injury. Paper-12297771.
LTK is mainly expressed in pre B cells and brain. Paper-330688.
Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss with Src- PTK inhibitors. Paper-11457587.
Deletions of 47 aa in CM3 abolished PTK and transforming activities. Paper-7847266.
DPI also inhibited Ang II-induced H2O2 production and PTK activation. Paper-8425425.
LPC-induced MAP kinase activity was blocked by the PTK inhibitor genistein. Paper-2012281.
1a-docosahexaenoyl mitomycin C: a novel inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-1534416.
Expression of a chimeric CSF1R- LTK mediates ligand-dependent neurite outgrowth. Paper-14334087.
Variable activity of protein tyrosine kinase in apparently normal thyroid glands. Paper-7922513.
Moreover, beta-HIVS increased the inhibitory effect of STI571 on PTK activity. Paper-9773860.
Protein tyrosine kinase activity in human thyroid papillary carcinoma. Paper-7428943.
Expression and purification of active abl protein-tyrosine kinase in Escherichia coli. Paper-46412.
GABAA receptor modulation by protein tyrosine kinase in the rat diagonal band of Broca. Paper-1328835.
In contrast, forskolin-stimulated cAMP production was unaffected by PTK inhibition. Paper-1623734.
Moreover, ETV6-NTRK3 has PTK activity and is autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues. Paper-2131119.
PTK inhibitors tyrphostin 51 and genistein inhibited [Ca(2+)](i) response to ATP. Paper-8452912.
ST638, however, maximally inhibited FCS-stimulated PTK activity ( IC50 25 microM). Paper-171008.
Increased protein tyrosine kinase activity of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis. Paper-7365908.
syk protein tyrosine kinase regulates Fc receptor gamma-chain-mediated transport to lysosomes. Paper-1569105.
Expression profile of protein tyrosine kinase genes in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Paper-8925499.
The ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion encodes a chimeric protein tyrosine kinase that transforms NIH3T3 cells. Paper-2131119.
Both of the two PTK genes were expressed preferentially in renal cell carcinoma cell lines. Paper-345550.
Identification of the site in the Syk protein tyrosine kinase that binds the SH2 domain of Lck. Paper-710052.
Protein tyrosine kinase activity as a prognostic parameter in breast cancer, a pilot study. Paper-7637138.
In contrast to herbimycin A, a PTK inhibitor, genistein, enhanced cell aggregation. Paper-8941401.
Application of the PTK inhibitors blocked focal adhesion assembly in these primary cultured cells. Paper-10368606.
Partial characterization of protein tyrosine kinase activity in normal and leukemic human myeloid cells. Paper-7041036.
Moreover, mice with MAIDS exhibited an abnormal histological distribution of fyn PTK in the hippocampus. Paper-554854.
Lauryl gallate inhibits the activity of protein tyrosine kinase c-Src purified from human platelets. Paper-10715078.
Here we review the general impact of mutated PTK on the pathogenesis of various hematologic malignancies. Paper-11487203.
Inhibition of insulin-dependent lipogenesis and anti-lipolysis by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Paper-6446733.
Daidzein, an analog of genistein that does not block PTK, also inhibited NMDA-activated current. Paper-15067401.
Daidzein, an analog of genistein that does not block PTK, also inhibited GABA-activated current. Paper-1834044.
For both types of tumors, PTK activity depended upon the presence of Mn++ (2-5 mM) and/or Mg++ (10-20 mM). Paper-6554141.
The results also suggest the possible involvement of a PTK-mediated pathway in the regulation of niacin uptake. Paper-10778727.
Protein tyrosine kinase is required for the induction of long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Paper-8315329.
Effects of protein tyrosine kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase on apical K(+) channels in the TAL. Paper-9060544.
Other PTK blockers ( tyrphostin 23 and quercetin) had no influence on KCC activity in frog erythrocytes. Paper-14177032.
These results support the role of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase activity in regulating the TCR-activated PTK. Paper-7301595.
CM5, containing a deletion of 20 aa beyond that in CM4, had only marginal transforming and PTK activities. Paper-7847266.
The transfection efficiency of EGFP-encoding DNA was tested with different cell lines (T-HUVEC, HeLa, and LTK). Paper-11331793.
Protein tyrosine kinases ( PTK) play a crucial role in cell growth, cell differentiation and proliferation. Paper-11117883.
Involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive protein tyrosine kinase in extracellular action of HIV-1 Nef. Paper-8729116.
Our results suggest that PTK/PTP play a lesser role in S6 phosphorylation of HL-60 cells than PKC does. Paper-7822283.
Characterization of drug resistance mediated via the suppression of apoptosis by Abelson protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-328762.
The c-Kit proto-oncogene is a receptor protein-tyrosine kinase associated with several highly malignant human cancers. Paper-9954582.
In addition, incubation of gametes of a single mating type in dibutyryl cAMP failed to activate the PTK. Paper-9965459.
Involvement of protein tyrosine kinase in osmoregulation of Na(+) transport and membrane capacitance in renal A6 cells. Paper-8402221.
These results suggest sequential roles for Lck and SHP-1 in the inhibition of PTK following MHC recognition by NK cells. Paper-833609.
PTK activity inhibition ameliorates the hyperdynamic abnormalities that characterize animals with cirrhosis and PHT. Paper-1120398.
Further, forskolin increased phosphorylation of protein tyrosine, suggesting that cAMP activates PTK. Paper-8851156.
Genistein (100 microM) and tyrphostin B-44 (-), specific inhibitors of PTK, attenuated the response to muscimol. Paper-1328835.
Genistein, a PTK inhibitor, induced apoptosis in normal cells, mimicking the effect of integrin inhibition. Paper-1262371.
Dimethylsulfoxide which does not affect either PTK or PKC demonstrated no change in S6 phosphorylation. Paper-7822283.
The particulate fraction PTK activity in the colorectal adenomas was significantly higher than in the normal mucosa. Paper-7694041.
The norepinephrine-activated PTK was inhibited by calphostin C and depletion of intra- and extra-cellular Ca2+. Paper-11593663.
Modulatory role of protein tyrosine kinase activation in the receptor-induced contractions of the bovine cerebral artery. Paper-1423972.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship of flavonoid analogues. 3. Inhibition of p56lck protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-8434220.
Protein tyrosine kinase activity in T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Paper-1691690.
Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix--a role for the focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase FAK. Paper-956619.
Nigericin-induced PG production in PMA-primed cells was potentiated by PTP inhibitors and abrogated by PTK inhibitors. Paper-8333227.
This interaction activates pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins which then stimulate an increase in PTK and PKH4 activity. Paper-1141597.
By contrast, daidzein, a genistein analogue devoid of PTK inhibitory properties, did not modify Ca2+ channel activity. Paper-536424.
tsLA23-NRK cells need pp60v-src protein-tyrosine kinase activity in G2 phase to initiate mitosis in serum-free medium. Paper-39778.
Multivariate analysis shows that PTK activity emerges as a potential prognostic factor in breast cancer (p = 0.02). Paper-7637138.
Consistent with the in vivo findings, PTK inhibitors reduced neurite outgrowth from cultured retinal neurons by 70-80%. Paper-517237.
Moreover, activation of src-family PTK may be a mechanism used by the virus to facilitate some aspect of its own life cycle. Paper-820874.
Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and p210(bcr-abl) protein tyrosine kinase activity of novel AG 957 analogs. Paper-11137716.
Leukocyte tyrosine kinase ( LTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the insulin receptor family. Paper-330688.
The cytosolic PTK activity of papillary adenocarcinomas was significantly elevated compared to normal and adenoma tissue. Paper-7428943.
These findings indicate that SO-4 cells return to their original phenotype (CD4 single-positive) by stimulation involving PTK. Paper-147226.
We further analyzed PTK involvement in controlling receptor ubiquitination by using the vaccinia virus expression system. Paper-2025598.
Results indicated that MdOS, a novel marine-derived oligosaccharide sulfate, exhibited a broad-spectrum PTK inhibitory action. Paper-14339720.
GO and MGO also induced phosphorylations of JNK, p38 MAPK, and c-Jun, either PTK-dependently (GO) or -independently (MGO). Paper-8997879.
Collectively, these data identify p59(fyn) as a key PTK in CD2-mediated activation of mature T lymphocytes. Paper-8551613.
Interestingly the ' serine-rich' and 'acidic' regions of IL-2R beta are both required for the PTK activation of p56lck. Paper-7876871.
Protein tyrosine kinase activation is required for LPS and PMA induction of tissue factor mRNA in human blood monocytes. Paper-343649.
A similar pattern of decreased phosphorylation was observed after either integrin inhibition, injury, both, or PTK inhibition. Paper-1262371.
p72syk protein tyrosine kinase: an early transducer of sIgG-triggered apoptotic signalling in human follicular lymphoma cells. Paper-1703141.
The protein-tyrosine kinase, Syk, plays a central role in Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in the adaptive immune system. Paper-12029316.
Changes and mechanisms of protein-tyrosine kinase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities after brain ischemia/ reperfusion. Paper-10571320.
The most potent compounds 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28, and 30 of this series inhibited the EGF-R PTK with IC50 values below 10 nM. Paper-1234338.
In this review, we compare the characteristics of the inhibition of PTK activity by beta-HIVS with those of other inhibitors of PTKs. Paper-10121479.
Oxidative stress activates protein tyrosine kinase and matrix metalloproteinases leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Paper-13164327.
PTK may play a crucial role in the receptor-mediated regulation of cardiac contractile function in canine ventricular myocardium. Paper-11271829.
Genistein pretreatment blocked the Ig-induced phospholipase C activation, providing evidence for PTK involvement in this reaction. Paper-278621.
CONCLUSIONS: Protein kinase C-delta, PKC-epsilon, and Src PTK mediate isoflurane-induced preconditioning in the intact rat heart. Paper-10406281.
The PTK inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein, inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of those proteins. Paper-8717410.
Amine 2 bears some structural resemblance to two other natural product PTK inhibitors, erbstatin (3) and piceatannol (4). Paper-7846763.
These results support a prominent role for the PTK/PTP signal transduction pathway in the coronary artery cold-induced contraction. Paper-8805876.
Using them we have shown the presence of fyn proteins in human lymphocytes and monocytes and their protein-tyrosine kinase activity. Paper-6265643.
The src-family protein-tyrosine kinase p59hck is mainly expressed in neutrophils; however, its functional role in these cells is unknown. Paper-299770.
Stimulation was resistant to PTK and protein kinase C inhibitors but was blocked by calphostin, a PMA and diacylglycerol antagonist. Paper-123414.
Protein tyrosine kinase p59fyn is associated with the T cell receptor-CD3 complex in functional human lymphocytes. Paper-49769.
These observations also suggest that a PTK-dependent pathway would be involved in the hyposmolality-stimulated membrane fusion in A6 cells. Paper-8402221.
Most protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides and some protopanaxatriol-type saponins also showed significant effects on PTK activation. Paper-8765606.
Inhibition of Pyk2 activation by PP1, a Src PTK inhibitor, is paralleled by the inhibition of CXCL8-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Paper-10224232.
We could not demonstrate that c-Src expression is responsible for the increased PTK activity in normal epithelium adjacent to tumour tissue. Paper-1433986.
FAK re-expression in the FAK- cells confirms the role of this PTK in the regulation of cell morphology and in promoting cell migration events. Paper-1879090.
By comparison, G beta gamma-mediated PI hydrolysis was not affected by beta ARKct, RasN17, or N delta Raf expression or by PTK inhibitors. Paper-292793.
The effects of CD4/Lck on tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PLC correlated well with the effects on PTK activation. Paper-133341.
Protein tyrosine kinase-dependent modulation of voltage-dependent potassium channels by genistein in rat cardiac ventricular myocytes. Paper-10544347.
TX-1123: an antitumor 2-hydroxyarylidene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione as a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor having low mitochondrial toxicity. Paper-9599850.
PTK inhibitors suppressed LPC-induced PKC activity, whereas the same had no effect on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated PKC activity. Paper-2012281.
ATP was the preferred phosphoryl donor for both PTKs (Km = 150 microM); however, in the case of lung PTK, GTP was able to partially replace ATP. Paper-6479253.
Specifically, EORP rapidly stimulates PTK-mediated phosphorylation, followed by induction of PKs and activation of MAPKs: ERK, JNK, and p38. Paper-10659815.
Effect of temperature and modulators of protein tyrosine kinase activity on the reactivity of isolated venules in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Paper-8925914.
One of these genes encoded a leukocyte tyrosine kinase ( LTK), which is a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligands remain to be identified. Paper-14334087.
Here, using this cell line, we demonstrate by alkaline elution that v-Abl PTK did not affect the levels of DNA damage induced by either drug. Paper-328762.
The existence of periodicity was demonstrated clearly in both PTP and PTK enzyme activities and in the amount of protein extracted from the cells. Paper-9651090.
These protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-induced responses were sensitive to the presence of K252a, an inhibitor for tyrosine kinase. Paper-1755695.
In the present study, we found that wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI3)-kinase, abolished the survival effects of LTK. Paper-1089191.
The apical outward transfer of L-dopa may be promoted through a DIDS-sensitive transport mechanism and appears to be under the tonic control of PTK. Paper-8658674.
Heart-specific activation of LTK results in cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte degeneration and gene reprogramming in transgenic mice. Paper-1959581.
Genistein, a selective protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits interleukin-2 and leukotriene B4 production from human mononuclear cells. Paper-7191924.
Inhibition of endothelial cell cycle progression by SPARC and a calcium-binding SPARC peptide, however, was not affected by PTK inhibitors. Paper-1577497.
Purification of a 72-kDa protein-tyrosine kinase from rat liver and its identification as Syk: involvement of Syk in signaling events of hepatocytes. Paper-2204757.
Genistein and tyrphostin AG556 inhibit inwardly-rectifying Kir2.1 channels expressed in HEK 293 cells via protein tyrosine kinase inhibition. Paper-15998734.
Our results suggest that inhibition of PTK could be therapeutically effective as an analgesic in some NMDA receptor-mediated hyperalgesic states. Paper-9895628.
Long-term inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase impairs electrophysiologic activity and a rapid component of exocytosis in pancreatic beta-cells. Paper-11243055.
Tyrosine 112 of latent membrane protein 2A is essential for protein tyrosine kinase loading and regulation of Epstein-Barr virus latency. Paper-1569256.
The production of inositol phosphates (InsP) by agonists and AlF4- was partly inhibited (35-40%) by genistein and tyrphostins, two PTK inhibitors. Paper-1832167.
The present results suggest that in GH3 cells PTK activation causes an increase of L-type Ca2+ channel function, whereas PTPs exert an inhibitory role. Paper-536424.
However, pretreatment with PTK inhibitors genistein, tyrphostin A25, and tyrphostin A47 blocked the volume-activated taurine efflux. Paper-9110426.
To further investigate the regulation of focal adhesions by PTK activity, we examined the effect of lavendustin A on cultured XR1 glial cells. Paper-10368606.
Protein tyrosine kinase activity is essential for Fc gamma receptor-mediated intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes. Paper-7902384.
Here we report the cloning of a human LTK cDNA clone containing the complete open reading frame of a putative receptor tyrosine kinase protein. Paper-7881037.
Here we report that cross-linking of beta 1 integrins on human NK cells stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and PTK activity of PYK-2. Paper-1217360.
The results showed that phagocytosis of bacteria by monocytes was not affected by the PTK inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin-47. Paper-7902384.
Src PTK family members also play a critical role in the regulation of vascular permeability and inflammatory responses in tissue cells. Paper-12297771.
Chronological changes of the contractile mechanism in prolonged vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: from protein kinase C to protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-9269266.
These data suggest that although genistein inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells in culture, it does so without gross inhibition of PTK activity. Paper-837917.
Modification of oscillatory behaviour of protein tyrosine kinase and phosphatase during all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of leukaemic cells. Paper-9651090.
Our data also show that in vivo conversion of the schizont stage to ring stage via release of merozoites is associated with a decrease in PTK activity. Paper-8319363.
CD45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase and p56lck protein tyrosine kinase: a functional complex crucial in T cell signal transduction. Paper-79420.
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibition and cell proliferation: is the [3H]-thymidine uptake assay representative of the T-lymphocyte proliferation rate? Paper-334231.
Exposure of cells with v-Abl PTK active to the PKC inhbitor calphostin C (125 ng/ml) prevented the increase in Bcl-xL protein and resulted in apoptosis. Paper-1246487.
The data suggest that PTKs may play a role in vascular smooth muscle contraction and that specific inhibition of PTK activity results in vasorelaxation. Paper-7741781.
PTK inhibitors inhibited progression of the S phase when they were added to SMC that had been arrested at the G1-S border with hydroxyurea. Paper-368111.
Involvement of protein kinase C, phospholipase C, and protein tyrosine kinase pathways in oxygen radical generation by asbestos-stimulated alveolar macrophage. Paper-1286237.
Conversely, the baroreflex response was potentiated by activating endogenous PTK activity with insulin or by inhibiting PTP activity with pervanadate. Paper-1472609.
The production of O2- by monocytes after stimulation with IgG or IgG-opsonized S. aureus was almost completely blocked by the PTK inhibitor. Paper-7902384.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a possible association of alcohol dependence with a genotype of the SNP T137346C of the PTK fyn, with C being the risk allele. Paper-10061969.
Differential requirement of protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the generation of IL-2-induced LAK cell and alpha CD3-induced CD3-AK cell responses. Paper-205482.
Except for the tumor suppressor PTEN, much less attention has been paid to the PTK counterparts, the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily, in gliomas. Paper-14210865.
Increase in MMPs and PTK activities paralleled degradation of BM protein and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of tight junction (TJ) protein. Paper-13164327.
Differential effects of two protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tyrphostin and genistein, on human bone cell proliferation as compared with differentiation. Paper-1594354.
We conclude that AngII inhibits ROMK channel activity through PKC-, NADPH oxidase-, and PTK-dependent pathways under conditions of dietary potassium restriction. Paper-13127211.
Furthermore, using HPB clones deficient in CD3/ PTK association, it has been found that the presence of CD4/p56lck does not overcome the defect in signalling. Paper-157856.
PTK inhibitors showed a similar pattern of inhibition of band 3 phosphorylation, with the greatest inhibition observed in cells treated with piceatannol. Paper-8362036.
The isoflavonoid PTK- and topoisomerase II inhibitor genistein produced a similar effect with the accumulation of cells in the G2/ M phase of cell cycle. Paper-8199854.
These results provide evidence for the involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive PTK in the signal transduction pathway for exogenous HIV-1 Nef. Paper-8729116.
CONCLUSION: In human atrial cells, the PTK pathway plays an important role in the regulation of basal I(to), independent of serine/ threonine kinases. Paper-9304482.
Mapping of the receptor protein-tyrosine kinase 10 to human chromosome 1q21-q23 and mouse chromosome 1H1-5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Paper-250395.
These data suggest that protein kinase inhibitors and a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor induce the interphase transition by inactivating MAP kinase in mouse eggs. Paper-1731234.
Evidence also was found suggesting that the folate uptake process by MIA PaCa-2 cells is regulated by cAMP- and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated pathways. Paper-10309735.
The LTK binding site for Shc was tyrosine 862 at the carboxyl-terminal domain and to a lesser extent tyrosine 485 at the juxtamembrane domain. Paper-330688.
Related isoflavones were less potent growth inhibitors than genistein, whereas the synthetic PTK inhibitor tyrphostin A25 was an equally potent growth inhibitor. Paper-837917.
In the present report, we have assessed the possibility that genistein directly inhibits the glycine receptor, independent of effects on protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-8537921.
Tyrphostin A1, a tyrphostin analogue with little effect on PTK activity, and daidzein, an inactive genistein analogue, were without effect on ICl,swell. Paper-1395348.
However, IL-4, but not IL-10, blocked CD40-mediated rescue from apoptosis, an event that we have demonstrated previously to be dependent on PTK activity as well. Paper-1085972.
These PTK blockers inhibit the insulin induced [14C]glucose assimilation into lipids ( lipogenesis), but fail to inhibit the anti-lipolytic effect of the hormone. Paper-6446733.
The inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on protein tyrosine kinase activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Paper-8765606.
Our studies confirm that ETV6-NTRK3 is a transforming protein that requires both an intact dimerization domain and a functional PTK domain for transformation activity. Paper-2131119.
However, cell cycle progression in human Ph-positive lymphoid cells is not entirely dependent on Bcr-Abl PTK, and additional genetic lesions must be present. Paper-9088204.
Effects of magnesium sulfate administration during hypoxia on CaM kinase IV and protein tyrosine kinase activities in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Paper-11334351.
A cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk protein tyrosine kinase in the flagella of boar spermatozoa. Paper-10897800.
Furthermore, using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, it could be shown that the antibody against c-src also precipitated a part of the cytosolic PTK activity. Paper-7302042.
In vivo effects of angiotensin II on vascular smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure are mediated through a protein tyrosine-kinase-dependent mechanism. Paper-578240.
On a more general note, our survey of the expressed-sequence tag database suggested that few, if any, additional mammalian PTK families are likely to be discovered. Paper-8395307.
Differential regulation of protein tyrosine kinase on free radical production, granule enzyme release, and cytokine synthesis by activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Paper-8683960.
Increased PTK activities, sustained Ca2+ entry, and amylase secretion, all stimulated by CCK-8, were abolished by eliminating extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o). Paper-748439.
Dose-response experiments revealed that ginsenoside-Rb1 was the most active compound and it completely blocked PTK activation at a wide range of concentrations. Paper-8765606.
A protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), improves erectile and vascular function secondary to a reduction of hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Paper-15485038.
Multiple linear regression and orthogonalization of descriptors were applied to generate models for the prediction of biological activities for binding flavonoids to PTK. Paper-8434220.
Protein tyrosine kinase pathway-derived ROS/NO productions contribute to G2/M cell cycle arrest in evodiamine-treated human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. Paper-15152944.
Three new PTK genes were identified, based on the presence of conserved amino acid sequence motifs characteristic of the catalytic domain of tyrosine kinases. Paper-6759550.
We hypothesize that chimeric proteins mediate transformation by dysregulating NTRK3 signal transduction pathways via ligand-independent dimerization and PTK activation. Paper-2131119.
Our results suggest that PTK, PKC, P13-K and MEK signaling pathways can regulate Bcl-2 expression and form an integrated network that plays a critical role in cell survival. Paper-9150735.
We have studied the inhibition of the pp60F527 PTK activity by two EGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lavendustin A and one of its derivatives, lavendustin C6. Paper-153702.
Atherogenic lipoproteins enhance mesangial cell expression of platelet-derived growth factor: role of protein tyrosine kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A. Paper-1448896.
In BCR/ABL expressing cells, AG957 partially inhibited phosphorylation of several proteins that are BCR/ABL PTK substrates and are involved in normal integrin signaling. Paper-1640082.
This study tests the hypothesis that increased PTK activity mediates the increased vascular reactivity to agonists and cooling associated with primary Raynaud's disease (RD). Paper-10255670.
A protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate, causes parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes via an increase in protein tyrosine kinase activity. Paper-8277566.
Several groups have reported that abnormal phosphorylation of tau by Fyn, a protein-tyrosine kinase, may play a role in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Paper-10243457.
Moreover, pervanadate (PV), a potent inhibitor of PT phosphatases, enhanced both cAMP formation and PT phosphorylation, both of which were blocked by PTK inhibitors. Paper-1623734.
Neutrophil expression of IL-1beta mRNA was dependent on transglutaminase, phospholipase C, and PTK, all of which are also required for internalization of A. phagocytophila. Paper-9511003.
Induction of Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation by CXCL8 is regulated by Src PTK activation, whereas it is unaffected by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. Paper-10224232.
PTK-induction was not involved in G-CSF-R expression, internalization or recycling, but was partially responsible for up-regulation of CD11b expression on neutrophils. Paper-928597.
The src-family protein-tyrosine kinase p59hck is located on the secretory granules in human neutrophils and translocates towards the phagosome during cell activation. Paper-299770.
Inhibition of fetal calf serum-stimulated proliferation of rabbit cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells by selective inhibitors of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-171008.
The presence of low levels of chloroquine (CQ) inhibited the cytosolic PTK activity in a dose dependent manner ( IC50 = 45 mumoles or 23 micrograms/ml) in CQ-S strains. Paper-8319363.
Within each PTK gene family, members exhibit functional divergence in substrate-specificity or temporal/tissue-specific expression, although their primary function is conserved. Paper-10040939.
Acidic polysaccharide isolated from Phellinus linteus induces nitric oxide-mediated tumoricidal activity of macrophages through protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C. Paper-10028912.
These findings indicate that a PTK-dependent signaling pathway plays an important role in triggering the degranulation responses of human eosinophils to immobilized sIgA and IgG. Paper-278621.
Our results demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein has a direct inhibitory effect on glycine receptors that is not mediated via inhibition of PTK. Paper-8537921.
Neither activation nor inhibition of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor's PTK activity with CSF-1 or genistein respectively affected the phosphorylation of S6. Paper-7822283.
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 are induced differently by metal nanoparticles in human monocytes: The role of oxidative stress and protein tyrosine kinase activation. Paper-14340541.
Two PCR-based strategies were used to show that 21 different PTK genes are expressed by rat brain microglia: 5 receptor PTKs, 10 nonreceptor PTKs, and 6 members of the src family. Paper-9347319.
The present study provides the first evidence that, in frog pituitary melanotrophs, the GABAA receptor is phosphorylated at least on its beta2/beta3 subunits by an endogenous PTK. Paper-2144616.
Agonist-induced contraction at both temperatures was reversed by cumulative addition of the PTK inhibitors genistein (1-30 microM) and tyrphostin 47 (0.1-10 microM). Paper-10255670.
Assignments of nearly all 1H and 15N resonances of the SH2 domain from the c-Abl protein-tyrosine kinase have been obtained from homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR experiments. Paper-7227571.
These findings indicate that activation of gp60 stimulates the Src PTK signaling pathway, and thus regulates the transcytosis of albumin across the endothelial cell monolayer. Paper-1203471.
Specific modulators of intracellular protein kinase A (PKA)-, protein kinase C (PKC)-, and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated pathways did not affect RF uptake by Hep G2 cells. Paper-1517278.
Treatment of astrocytes with inhibitors specific for PKC and PTK blocked INF-gamma-induced class II gene transcription, mRNA expression, and protein expression. Paper-156934.
Leukocyte tyrosine kinase ( LTK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor family and is mainly expressed in pre-B cells and brain. Paper-777274.
The FRK cDNA clone represented 15.8% of the PTK-cDNA-enriched library from the renal cell carcinoma cell line, while the FLT-3 cDNA clone was 2.8% of the same library. Paper-345550.
Spontaneous locomotion of neutrophil granulocytes was independent of PKC and PTK activity, but formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced migration involved PKC activity. Paper-2153569.
The PTK activity of the cytosolic fraction of bone marrow cells has been determined by the assay kit based on per-oxidase labeled substrate analog and biotin-streptavidin expression. Paper-10018982.
CONCLUSIONS: HIV-related activation of src-family PTK is a response of the cell to early stages of the virus life cycle, possibly either membrane fusion or viral uncoating. Paper-820874.
In the current study, we determined the effects of PTK inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, on the induction of MnSOD and TNFalpha in human monocytes. Paper-2086866.
The results indicated that a PKC inhibitor, sphingosine, and a PTK inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited CD147 mAb-induced cell aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Paper-8941401.
We now present evidence that the 72-kDa Fc epsilon RI-associated protein is the protein-tyrosine kinase PTK72 that forms part of the antigen receptor complex in B lymphocytes. Paper-7308720.
Roles of Ca2+ and protein tyrosine kinase in insulin action on cell volume via Na+ and K+ channels and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in fetal rat alveolar type II pneumocyte. Paper-1799799.
As a PTK, Btk could potentially be involved directly or indirectly in the processes that relate to the malignant transformation of all the cell lineages where this molecule is expressed. Paper-1616012.
Treatment of cells with cytochalasin D, which disrupts actin filaments but not cell-substrate adhesion, causes only a slight increase in c-Src PTK activity. Paper-10577522.
Our results suggest that the LTK gene produces not only the putative receptor tyrosine kinase for unknown ligand but also multiple protein products that may have different functions. Paper-7881037.
These results suggest that ets-1 induced by cell adhesion to extracellular matrix directly upregulates MMP-1 expression via PTK and PKC activation in cultured endothelial cells. Paper-9370311.
The data are consistent with a PTK-mediated process in the activation of the voltage-gated Ca2+ influx that is involved in the production of InsP by stimulated G protein-coupled receptors. Paper-1832167.
Specific inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase, such as genistein and tyrophostin AG126, prevented tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha in response to silica. Paper-8612809.
High concentrations of anti-IgM, which promote cell cycle entry and progression through G1, result in a biphasic change in the state of tyrosine phosphorylation of PTK72. Paper-7583091.
The effect of PAO on the 70-pS K channel was due to indirectly stimulating PTK because pretreatment of the mTAL with herbimycin A abolished the inhibitory effect of PAO. Paper-9060544.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol toxin of Trypanosoma brucei regulates IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha expression in macrophages by protein tyrosine kinase mediated signal transduction. Paper-145027.
In macrophages, Fcgamma-receptor cross-linking induces Syk PTK phosphorylation and activation, resulting in Syk-dependent events required for phagocytosis and mediator release. Paper-2186089.
We concluded that NSAIDs-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells may be independent from signals transducted through [Ca++]i, PTK, PKA, PKC or the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Paper-1578381.
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin-A, and methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate, unlike genistein, markedly blocked hypoxia-induced phosphotyrosine. Paper-446171.
Using a mouse mast cell line (IC.DP), we previously showed that v-Abl PTK induced resistance to the anti-cancer drugs melphalan and hydroxyurea by the suppression of apoptosis. Paper-328762.
Our study suggests that genistein arrests cell growth and induces NB cell differentiation by mediating apoptosis and modulating PTK activity and N-myc proto-oncogene expression. Paper-1493338.
Therefore, bcr + CML, whether or not the Ph chromosome is cytogenetically apparent, involves a similar molecular alteration and produces the 210-kd protein with enhanced PTK activity. Paper-6002607.
The chick periosteal osteogenesis model was infected with the Fujinami Sarcoma Virus (FSV) containing the v-fps oncogene which encodes for a P140gag-fps protein-tyrosine kinase. Paper-5733588.
We found that only immunotoxic PAHs activated the Fyn and ZAP-70 PTKs at 10 min, but total PTK activity was still increased by nonimmunotoxic PAHs, BeP, or anthracene after 10 min of exposure. Paper-2133962.
CV11974 and inhibitors of PKC or PTK suppressed Ang II-mediated increases in rFN/ AP-1 activity, although neither PD123319 nor a protein kinase A inhibitor affected the induction. Paper-1597754.
PTK activity and IGF-I-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly reduced in cerebellar cortex of human OPCA patients as compared to the normal controls. Paper-8078214.
PTK phosphorylation, which has been previously identified as an important event in signal transduction, may modulate GABA mediated neurotransmission in the forebrain. Paper-1328835.
Thus, dysregulation of PTK activity cannot account for the reduced basal Ca currents or hyporesponsiveness of I(CaL) to isoproterenol in the cells that have survived in the infarcted heart. Paper-9323441.
Tyrphostin-25, a competitive inhibitor of substrate binding on PTK, inhibited zymosan-stimulated PGE2 and LTC4 production, IC50 = 20 and 7 microM, respectively. Paper-7705311.
Involvement of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase in thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced stimulation of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion in frog melanotrope cells. Paper-1901065.
Rapid activation of protein tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C-gamma2 and increase in cytosolic free calcium are required by Ehrlichia chaffeensis for internalization and growth in THP-1 cells. Paper-9357161.
Two PTK inhibitors [ herbimycin A and genistein (PTK-I)] and two PKC inhibitors [calphositin C and staurosporine (PKC-I)] were used in the experiments. Paper-205482.
The identification is based on immunoreactivity with anti- PTK72 antiserum, chromatographic profiles on the affinity resin heparin/ agarose, and one-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping studies. Paper-7308720.
Administration of ketamine ( KT) or nifedipine (ND) 20 min before ischemia caused a decrease in total PTK and Src activities, and no change in the PYK2 and PTP activities. Paper-10571320.
Finally, the effects of vasopressin and herbimycin A are additive because inhibiting PTK can still increase the channel activity in CCD that has been challenged by vasopressin. Paper-9394921.
Interestingly, hematoxylin was found to be an ATP competitive broad-spectrum PTK inhibitor in vitro, with IC50 values ranging from nanomolar to micromolar level. Paper-12901783.
Co-precipitation studies have shown that Src-related PTK, such as Lyn, associates with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase via SH2 and SH3 domain binding with their cognate ligands. Paper-1022865.
Moreover, when the epithelial cells were treated with genistein and infected with P. brasiliensis, no labeling was observed, suggesting the importance of the PTK in the infectious process. Paper-13204703.
The potential importance of the association between the CD4 receptor and the PTK of T cells is discussed in relation to T-cell activation and HIV infectivity. Paper-5956720.
Based on the sequence homology of all known protein kinases and the crystalline structure of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, this conserved region probably represents the PTK catalytic loop. Paper-8001547.
To couple these biochemical changes with physiological events, we also examined the ability of AII to induce vasoconstriction and raise systolic blood pressure through a PTK-mediated mechanism. Paper-578240.
Short-term exposure of the chronically infected promyelocytic OM10 cell line with the PTK inhibitor genistein induced a dose-dependent increase in p24 antigen production in culture supernatants. Paper-1569300.
Protein tyrosine kinase and estrogen receptor-dependent pathways regulate the synthesis and distribution of glycosaminoglycans/proteoglycans produced by two human colon cancer cell lines. Paper-13446990.
These results suggest that a PTK-protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase system may be involved in the potentiation of the histamine signal by a mechanism independent of adenylate cyclase activation. Paper-7705787.
These observations suggest that the stimulatory action of insulin on a quinine-sensitive K+ channel is mediated through PTK activity in a cytosolic Ca2+-dependent manner. Paper-1799799.
Exogenous ONOO(-) acts as a capacitation inducer and involves the participation of PTK, as part of the intracellular mechanisms that lead to capacitation in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Paper-12758287.
These studies show that pp60c-src associated with GCGPs is an active PTK that could be involved in neuronal growth and development, transmembrane signalling, and in recognition and/or adhesive events. Paper-7327598.
The neuronal form of the pp60src protein-tyrosine kinase, an oncogene-product specifically expressed in central nervous system neurons, was not detectable in two central neurocytomas investigated. Paper-6888806.
We show here that bath application or injection into postsynaptic cells of the PTK inhibitors genistein and lavendustin A blocked the induction of LTP produced by high-frequency tetanic stimulation. Paper-8315329.
These results suggest that PTK pathway participates in the transduction signal during the initial events of the adhesion and invasion processes of P. brasiliensis to mammalian epithelial cells. Paper-13204703.
This VEGF165-induced angiogenesis was inhibited by daily co-administration of the selective PTK inhibitor, lavendustin A (10 micrograms), but not its negative control, lavendustin B (10 micrograms). Paper-176556.
We show that selective inhibition of PTK activity, with genistein and (3,4,5-tri-hydroxyphenyl)-methylene(-propanedinitrile) tyrphostin-25 inhibits basal and neuropeptide-stimulated SCLC cell growth. Paper-679894.
4. The PTK inhibitors tyrphostin A23 and genistein induced diminution of the hyposmolality-stimulated Gb,Cl, which was associated with attenuation of the hyposmolality-increased Na+-K+ pump activity. Paper-2014862.
Moreover, the N-terminal double acylation of the PTK Lck appears to be functional also in COS cells and targets the enzyme to the membrane GPI-microdomains implicated in receptor signalling. Paper-1353165.
Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation can be induced by inhibition of PTP (vanadate, thiol oxidation), activation of PTK (hypertonic NaCl) or intracellular increased Ca(2+) (mechanism unknown). Paper-9240108.
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors act downstream of IL-1 alpha and LPS stimulated MAP-kinase phosphorylation to inhibit expression of E-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Paper-721026.
Suppression of adhesion-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation decreases invasive and metastatic potentials of B16-BL6 melanoma cells by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Paper-1625369.
The application of H(2)O(2) stimulated the activity of endogenous PTK in M-1 cells and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of ROMK in HEK293 cells transfected with GFP-ROMK1 and c-Src. Paper-13168506.
Herein we hypothesized that coronary arteries (CA) sustain a cold-induced contraction during hypothermia mediated by a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-/protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-dependent pathway. Paper-8805876.
Extracellular application of the PTK inhibitors genistein (10-9 to 10-5 M) or lavendustin A (10-12 to 10-7 M) provoked a bell-shaped potentiation of the whole-cell current induced by GABA (3x10-6 M). Paper-2144616.
CONCLUSION: The data are discussed in light of the possible opposite effects exerted by oxidative agents and Mg2+ on KCC and on the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) equilibrium. Paper-11062150.
Potential interactions between this novel chloroplast PTK activity and the well-documented threonine kinase activities are discussed and the presence of a cascade of thylakoid protein kinases is proposed. Paper-1623482.
Unlike water-soluble allosteric enzymes, the configuration of the growth factor receptors dictates that the ligand-binding domain and PTK activity of the receptor molecules are separated by the plasma membrane. Paper-6657721.
The question is raised whether PTK stimulation and NF-kappa B activation in silica-stimulated macrophages are directly connected through tyrosine phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha. Paper-8612809.
Similarly, the PTK inhibitor ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of cAK and of PKC ( IC50 values 2 and 8 microM, respectively), whereas the non-phenolic perylene is ineffective as a protein kinase inhibitor. Paper-1446052.
Our results indicated that pretreatment of SEB-activated T cells with PTK inhibitors reduced DNA fragmentation and programmed cell death of V beta 8 positive T cells. Paper-379857.
The contractions induced by serotonin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, endothelin-1, and thromboxane A2 were significantly and dose-dependently depressed by the PTK-inhibitors ( IC50 2-15 microM). Paper-1423972.
Biochemical analyses raise the possibility that inhibition of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation may be particularly important for the synergistic effects of PTK inhibitor/ rapamycin combinations. Paper-10257251.
Although the effect was not significant, contractions induced by both high K+ and caffeine were also depressed slightly by PTK-inhibitors in the same range of concentrations used for receptor-induced contractions. Paper-1423972.
The PTK activity in apparently normal thyroid tissue from patients with papillary thyroid cancer progressively was elevated in the cytosolic fraction compared with that from patients without cancer (p < 0.05). Paper-7922513.
We have used genistein and phenylarsine oxide ( PAO) as inhibitors of PTK and PTPase, respectively, to investigate whether they regulate the BCR- and Ca2+/PKC-dependent activation of the Ras/Raf1/MEK/MAPK module. Paper-564901.
Src homology 2 (SH2) domains participate in protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated cellular signal transduction through their ability to bind with high affinity to phosphotyrosyl (pTyr)-bearing protein sequences. Paper-122526.
RESULTS: Cells infected with HIV for 24 h exhibited increased levels of total tyrosine phosphorylation and enhanced src-family PTK activity without altered levels of expression of src-family kinases. Paper-820874.
Consistent with its effect on GSIS, genistein increases intracellular cAMP and activates protein kinase A (PKA) in both cell lines and the islets by a mechanism that does not involve estrogen receptor or PTK. Paper-11358042.
Inhibitors of PKC ( sphingosine and staurosporine), PLC ( neomycin and U-73122), and PTK ( genistein and erbstatin) suppressed the silica-induced oxygen radical generation. Paper-1145043.
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) methods using degenerate primers for conserved sequence in catalytic domain of PTK revealed the expression of 13 kinds of PTKs in these cell lines. Paper-326998.
Since rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton into eukaryotic cells are usually associated with the activation of PTK, we decided to follow the expression of this class of kinases in the course of the interaction. Paper-13902175.
The selective src- PTK inhibitor PP1 (10 microm intracellularly) potentiated submaximal mGluR1 currents evoked by low L-glutamate concentrations but had no effect on maximal responses (80 or 160 microm L-glutamate). Paper-9708616.
In urethane-anaesthetized rats, we found that inhibiting PTK activity by topical application of genistein to the dorsal surface of the medulla reduced the phenylephrine-induced baroreflex bradycardiac response. Paper-1472609.
Human insulin receptor beta-subunit transmembrane/cytoplasmic domain expressed in a baculovirus expression system: purification, characterization, and polylysine effects on the protein tyrosine kinase activity. Paper-7205377.
Identical concentrations of genistein, an inhibitor of PTK, blocked Fc gamma RII-mediated endocytosis as well as the induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of Fc gamma RII and other cellular proteins. Paper-106724.
Pretreatment with the structurally dissimilar PTK inhibitors ( genistein and lavendustin A) had no effect on the AG-1478-induced inhibition of Kv1.5 and did not modify the AG-1478-induced current kinetics. Paper-9224354.
Genistein, a competitive inhibitor of ATP binding on PTK, inhibited PGE2 production ( IC50 = 20 microM) in response to zymosan, calcium ionophore A23187, and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Paper-7705311.
Leukocyte tyrosine kinase ( LTK) is a tyrosine kinase that has been suggested to be specific for hematopoietic cells and neuronal cells and reported as an unusual membrane protein lacking an extracellular domain. Paper-7881037.
Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-catalysed phosphorylation reactions of peptides are monitored electrochemically in the presence of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on peptide modified indium tin-oxide ( ITO) electrodes. Paper-13570020.
In the inside-out configuration, bath application of the recombinant PTK pp60c-src (75 U/ml) inhibited the GABA-activated chloride current, and the inhibitory effect of pp60c-src was prevented by genistein (10-7 M). Paper-2144616.
We presume that PTK activity, especially tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, is decisively involved in the regulation of spontaneous T lymphocyte locomotion, which is independent of PKC activity. Paper-1176192.
Finally, flagella adhesion between plus and minus fla10-1 gametes, which have a temperature-sensitive lesion in the microtubule motor protein kinesin-II, failed to activate the PTK at elevated temperatures. Paper-9965459.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether PECAM-1 inhibits protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent signal transduction mediated by the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-containing TCR. Paper-1918206.
The inhibition of PTK with genistein or herbimycin A did not influence the initial progesterone-induced [Ca2+]i increase but inhibited the secondary [Ca2+]i increase and the ensuing acrosomal exocytosis. Paper-1117594.
The SAM(2) biotin capture membrane provides low backgrounds and high linear binding capacity (up to approximately 3.6 nmol of biotinylated PTK peptide/cm(2)), resulting in high signal-to-noise ratios and greater reproducibility. Paper-11661759.
Contractions induced by PKC-activators, such as 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and phorbol-12,13-diacetate, were significantly depressed by PTK-inhibitors at concentrations similar to those used for receptor-induced contractions. Paper-1423972.
3. PTK inhibitor pretreatment did not affect the long-lasting enhancement of synaptic response produced by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), forskolin plus 3-isobutyl-L-methylxanthine (IBMX), or tetraethylammonium (TEA). Paper-8315329.
We hypothesized that Syk antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASO) delivered by aerosol to rat lungs in vivo would depress Syk PTK expression, mediator release from alveolar macrophages, and Syk-dependent pulmonary inflammation. Paper-2186089.
Two new potent iodo-containing nonphosphorylatable tyrosine analogues were also incorporated into our lead inhibitory sequence 23, producing the most potent inhibitors for p60c-src PTK identified thus far in our studies. Paper-1469699.
Differential induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and manganese superoxide dismutase by endotoxin in human monocytes: role of protein tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappaB. Paper-2086866.
Pretreatment with herbimycin A, a PTK inhibitor, blocked the Fc gamma R-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 and PLC-gamma 2, and the subsequent release of inositol phosphates. Paper-7351887.
The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (100 micromol l(-1)) inhibited Cl(-) secretion that was high, increased Cl(-) secretion that was low and reduced immunocytochemical staining for phosphorylated FAK. Paper-10788584.
The SH1 domain has PTK activity, whilst the SH2 and SH3 domains are involved in mediating protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich motifs, respectively. Paper-349500.
To further reveal the direct inhibitory mechanism of genistein on I(Ca,T), we applied into the bath lavendustin A, a PTK inhibitor structurally unrelated to genistein, and found that the current amplitude remained unchanged. Paper-13537528.
This indicates that signal transduction via PKC or PTK is necessary, in order for human peripheral blood cells to release cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) as the result of liposome stimulation. Paper-9401074.
Assays of phosphotransferase activities conducted with Ag (TNP6-OVA)-specific 7.9 murine B lymphoma cells demonstrated that BCR-mediated stimulation of the Raf1/MEK/MAPK module is controlled by PTK and PTPase activities. Paper-564901.
Antigen-presenting function was also shown to require the activation of phosphatidyl inositol 3 (PI3) kinase, downstream of PTK syk phosphorylation, since this activity was completely blocked by wortmannin, a PI3 kinase inhibitor. Paper-8330945.
We show here that two different PTK inhibitors, herbimycin A and lavendustin A, both selectively downregulate a subpopulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on chick ciliary ganglion neurons in culture. Paper-930652.
In this study, we used differential display to investigate the alterations of gene expression in BV173, a CML cell line derived from lymphoid blast crisis, after exposure to ST1571, which selectively inhibits ABL PTK activity. Paper-2187346.
The implication of PTK in SEA-induced early B cell activation was then confirmed by demonstrating that cross-linked SEA induces a significant increase in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation in B cells. Paper-387609.
We conclude that matrix-bound and oxidized lipoproteins stimulate Macs to produce H2O2 continuously and in large quantities via a pathway that involves PAF receptors and PTK and is reversibly blocked by inhibitors of protein prenylation. Paper-11012341.
Recently, it has been demonstrated that the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent signal transduction pathway is an important aldosterone-independent regulatory mechanism that mediates the effect of altered K intake on K secretion. Paper-10403491.
By using this PCR fragment to screen a cDNA library from the mouse insulin-producing cell line beta TC-1, a cDNA clone of about 2.0 kb was obtained which encodes the entire amino acid (aa) sequence of the corresponding PTK. Paper-157473.
To illustrate this functional versatility, we present three specific examples: the SAP, Cbl and SOCS families of SH2-containing proteins, which play key roles in immune responses, termination of PTK signaling, and cytokine responses. Paper-10768266.
Pretreatment of chondrocytes with genistein significantly prevented the activation of the Cl(-) current by sodium orthovanadate, suggesting that the basal activity of endogenous PTK is required for the activation of this Cl(-) current. Paper-13910240.
In this study, we have shown data supporting that boar sperm flagellum possesses a unique cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade leading to phosphorylation of Syk PTK at the tyrosine residues of the activation loop. Paper-10897800.
These results suggested that the fyn product in Meth A cells augments the expression of a type IV collagen-binding protein through elevation of the PTK activity of the membrane fraction and thus facilitates the metastasis of Meth A. Paper-9638945.
Following ulceration, PTK activity increased in plasma membranes and reached a maximum on day 4 after stress (twofold increase, P < 0.05), but remained inhibited (1.6-3-fold decrease on days 3, 4 and 5, P < 0.05) in the cytosol. Paper-15846831.
These results demonstrate the suitability of IEC-6 monolayers as an intestinal epithelial model to study folate transport and demonstrate for the first time that uptake of folic acid is regulated by a PTK- and a cAMP-mediated pathway. Paper-961440.
HIV-related src-family PTK activation was not a function of the gp120-CD4-Lck interaction and occurred in the presence of 10 mmol/l zidovudine indicating that reverse transcriptase and activation of the HIV genome is not required. Paper-820874.
Each competitive inhibitor of PTK, genistein or tyrphostin, substantially increased the C3 production by IFNgamma at lower concentrations, although each agent had little effect on TNFalpha-associated production of C3 at the same concentrations. Paper-818409.
The predicted reading frame encoded a 1404-aa polypeptide that had the structure of a receptor-like protein-tyrosine kinase and exhibited the highest degree of sequence similarity with the Met/ hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor receptor. Paper-94512.
Previous studies have suggested that lymphokines could mediate haematopoietic cell survival through their action on glucose transport, regulated in some cells through the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor. Paper-6103004.
Orthovanadate stimulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate-inhibited cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity in isolated rat fat pads through activation of particulate myelin basic protein kinase by protein tyrosine kinase. Paper-1071590.
In T cells, much of the focus has been on protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-mediated signaling from the T cell receptor (TCR) and cytokine receptors, while the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) has lagged behind. Paper-9905219.
We determined that the protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein inhibited fertilization, and that fertilization was rescued by dibutyryl cAMP, indicating that the genistein-sensitive step was upstream of the increase in cAMP. Paper-9965459.
Our studies using this chimeric receptor suggest that activation of the tyrosine kinase activity of LTK is sufficient to promote neurite outgrowth through pathways that include reactions catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MAPK. Paper-14334087.
Furthermore, the selective Src-family PTK inhibitor PP2 (5 microM) stimulated I(Cl.vol), mimicking genistein, whereas the selective EGFR (ErbB-1) kinase inhibitor tyrphostin B56 ( AG 556, 25 microM) reduced I(Cl.vol), mimicking A23 and A25. Paper-10554276.
Using cellular and molecular approaches and transgenic animals, Src PTK family members have been identified to be essential for the recruitment and activation of monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and other immune cells. Paper-12297771.
The present results suggest that cell swelling by hypotonic solution increases the L-type calcium channel currents in canine basilar artery and that herbimycin-sensitive PTK activity is primarily involved in the enhancement of calcium channel currents. Paper-8398643.
Protein kinase C translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase activation mediate isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo: potential downstream targets of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and reactive oxygen species. Paper-10406281.
One novel strategy for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia could therefore include the use of a downstream modifier of the Abl PTK-mediated survival signaling pathway to render leukemic cells more sensitive to a second drug, such as a cytotoxic agent. Paper-328762.
Our previous study showed that vanadate, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, induced the expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 in a protein-tyrosine-kinase (PTK)-dependent manner in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Paper-2091779.
The ability to accurately detect activity under optimum conditions and with crude cell extract samples, including kinetic analysis and with enzyme detection limits in the low femtomole range, supports the utility of this assay system for studying PTK enzymes. Paper-11661759.
Our results, taken together, show that Cvx induces platelet IIb 3 aggregation in a similar manner as collagen and collagen-related peptides that also trigger platelet aggregation by a PTK-dependent pathway, and stimulate tyrosyl-phosphorylation of PLC gamma 2. Paper-12094334.
To elucidate the mode of this inhibition, the effects on the cell cycle of cultured vascular SMC of three PTK inhibitors with different modes of action ( methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate, genistein, and herbimycin A) were studied. Paper-368111.
Treatment of BMVEC with EtOH or acetaldehyde ( AA) for 2-48 h increased MMP-1, -2 and -9 activities or decreased the levels of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1, -2) in a PTK-dependent manner without affecting protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Paper-12654608.
Since T-type calcium channels are the key components in the male reproduction, such as in AR and sperm motility, our data suggest that this PTK-independent inhibition of genistein on I(Ca,T) might be involved in its anti-reproductive effects. Paper-13537528.
Finally, the PTK tree was consistent with nematodes and fruit flies being as divergent as nematodes and mammals, suggesting that life extension mechanisms shared by nematodes and fruit flies would be reasonable candidates for extending mammalian life spans. Paper-8395307.
Using double labeling techniques and antibodies against both the proliferation marker Ki-67 and PTK c-Src, we have shown that c-Src is overexpressed in areas of hyperproliferation in HNSCC, dysplastic epithelium, benign papillomas and inflamed normal tissue. Paper-1433986.
To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis on a model we have previously described using the expression of a conditional mutant of Bcr-Abl PTK in a multipotent stem cell line, FDCP-Mix. Paper-9590765.
With use of an activating anti-clonotypic (anti-Ti) mAb on a CTL clone, we have shown that the PTK inhibitors genistein and tyrphostin 25 delayed anti-Ti-induced internalization, but did not affect fluid phase protein uptake or transferrin receptor cycling. Paper-123036.
Stimulation of PYK-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A, but not by EGTA, indicating that PYK-2 tyrosine phosphorylation is PTK, but not calcium, dependent. Paper-1217360.
When spermatozoa were preincubated with PKA, PKC and PTK inhibitor ( KT5720, calphostin C and genistein) for 15 min prior to addition of PAF, there was a significantly reduced acrosome reaction induced by PAF, but complete inhibition was not observed. Paper-1116789.
Our results also showed that pre-treatment of U937 cells with AP-1 inhibitor, curcumin, or the PTK specific inhibitor, herbimycin A or genistein, prior to exposure to Nano-Co, significantly abolished Nano-Co-induced pro-MMP-2 and-9 activity. Paper-14340541.
These data suggest that by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis, possibly due in part to PTK inhibition, isoflavones may have a role in protecting normal intestinal epithelium from tumour development (reducing the risk) and may reduce colonic tumour growth. Paper-1916239.
Similar pretreatments with PTK inhibitors significantly blocked the diminishment of focal adhesions by SPARC in confluent BAE cell monolayers, as determined by the formation of actin stress-fibers and the distribution of vinculin in focal adhesion plaques. Paper-1577497.
These results suggest that PTK may be involved in pig oocyte activation in a calcium-dependent manner and that the stimulation of tyrosine kinase is able to signal a series of intracellular changes that lead to the activation events associated with fertilization. Paper-8277566.
We examined whether a spinally administered selective PTK inhibitor, lavendustin A, which has high affinity for Src and Trk tyrosine kinases, could influence the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia or NMDA-induced hyperalgesia. Paper-9895628.
Furthermore, recent experiments indicate that the receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatase, CD45, might be important in the regulation of p56lck PTK activity and that its expression is required for the generation of second messenger molecules following TCR triggering. Paper-79420.
These data suggest that LPS- and cytokines-induced NO. production initiate a common signaling pathway involving a PTK that is inhibited by geldanamycin but not or slightly by tyrphostin or genistein at a point that precedes the induction of NOS. Paper-914582.
Since PTKs play myriad roles in the regulation of cell function and proliferation, the activation of a PTK cascade, as detailed in this report, may explain some of the pleiotropic effects of ionizing radiation on cellular functions of B-lymphocytes and their precursors. Paper-7308710.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the view that the hallmark of Raynaud's phenomenon associated with scleroderma, cooling-induced vasospasm, appears to be mediated by an increase in PTK activity possibly exacerbated by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Paper-10984116.
The proto-oncoprotein pp60c-src appears to mediate tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, since overexpression of this PTK in HeLa cells specifically increases the level of cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation induced during bacterial entry. Paper-259685.
Tyrosine phosphorylation appears to be an important proximal step in radiation-induced apoptosis and clonogenic cell death because inhibition of PTK prevents DNA fragmentation and loss of clonogenicity of irradiated B-lymphocyte precursors. Paper-7308710.
These effects and enhanced permeability/ monocyte migration were prevented by inhibitors of MMPs, PTKs, or antioxidant suggesting that oxidative stress caused BBB injury via degradation of BM protein by activated MMPs and by PTK-mediated TJ protein phosphorylation. Paper-13164327.
The three PTK inhibitors all inhibited PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion, with IC50 values of 4.7 +/- 1.4 microM for methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate, 6.7 +/- 2.5 microM for genistein, and 0.17 +/- 0.07 microM for herbimycin A. Paper-368111.
To further elucidate the possible mechanisms by which genistein modulates NB cell growth and differentiation we investigated the effect of genistein on the activities of PTK and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and N-myc proto-oncogene expression in N2A cells. Paper-1493338.
Stimulating protein tyrosine kinase activity in the sea urchin egg stimulated intracellular Ca2+ release, because microinjection of 1-5 mM of MGBG into unfertilized eggs triggered a transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) after a brief latent period. Paper-1972313.
We propose that by blocking the NMDA receptor ion-channel mediated Ca(2+)-flux, magnesium sulfate administration inhibits the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent activation of CaMKIV and prevents the generation of nitric oxide free radicals and the subsequent increase in PTK activity. Paper-11334351.
These results demonstrate that nitrogen is not an essential component of the lavendustin A pharmacophore 2 and that 1,2-diarylethanes and -ethenes bearing a salicyl moiety appear to be valuable structural motifs for the construction of extremely potent PTK inhibitors. Paper-7846763.
The amitriptyline-induced phosphorylation of CREB was completely blocked by U0126 [a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 1 inhibitor] and genistein (a PTK inhibitor), but not by inhibitors of protein kinase A, p38 MAP kinase, or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase. Paper-12744105.
We have reported, however, that tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrates precedes detection of PLC activation and intracellular calcium elevation, suggesting that inositol phospholipid turnover in T cells is initiated by a PTK pathway. Paper-6732343.
The concentration of herbimycin required to synergize with etoposide was similar to that required to decrease the level of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins or of the protein tyrosine kinase activity of anti-abl immune complexes in K562 cells. Paper-1402773.
The central roles played by protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent signal transduction in normal cellular regulation and homeostasis have made inappropriate or aberrant functions of certain of these pathways contributing factors to a variety of diseases, including several cancers. Paper-8841510.
Their action on second messenger generation, and thus on cell proliferation, has been indirectly demonstrated by the decrease in [3H]-thymidine (TdR) uptake that follows co-stimulation of T-cells with mitogens and PTK inhibitors such as genistein ( GEN). Paper-334231.
The effect of PAF on c-fos gene expression was not prevented by pre incubation with the PTK inhibitors genistein or methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate, whereas was strongly affected by PKC down regulation after long term incubation with PMA or by PKC inhibition with sangivamycin. Paper-918283.
Because previous data showed prostaglandin I2 at subdilator concentrations can also return dilation to hypercapnia to piglets treated with indomethacin, prostaglandin I2 could provide its permissive input by activating PKC and/or inhibiting PTK. Paper-907112.
Analysis of steady-state RNA expression revealed that c-sea mRNA levels were elevated approximately 5-fold in chicken embryo cells transformed by activated variants of the src nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinase gene but not in cells transformed by the nuclear oncogenes v-myc or v-rel. Paper-94512.
Silane precursors bearing covalently attached gluconamide moieties were used in combination with the biocompatible precursor diglycerylsilane (DGS) to generate sol-gel derived silica that was able to encapsulate highly active Src PTK and preserve the activity of the enzyme over multiple uses. Paper-10475919.
The PTK inhibitor herbimycin A (HA) triggers significant growth arrest prior to apoptosis from the G1-phase of the cell cycle, indicating that tyrosine phosphorylation of key proteins is critical for Ramos-BL cell cycle progression and survival. Paper-1036168.
Since CD45 is the major protein tyrosine phosphatase associated to the plasma membrane in T cells, and has been shown to regulate the activity of several PTK, we postulated that CD45 may be necessary for the inhibitory action of the CDR3-like specific anti-CD4 antibodies. Paper-1358851.
The F- and G-actin binding region of the BCR/ABL C-terminus may be important in BCR/ABL-mediated events, and we have investigated this by expressing a C-terminus deletion mutant of the temperature-sensitive BCR/ABL PTK, in a haemopoietic progenitor cell line, which models the chronic phase of CML. Paper-11404486.
Thus, the PKC-driven type of locomotion was independent of PTK activity, whereas spontaneous locomotion was not altered by inhibition of PKC activity using calphostin C or inhibition of the serine/ threonine phosphatases pp1 and pp2A using okadaic acid. Paper-1176192.
These results indicate that NO* may be generated by a sperm NOS during heparin-induced capacitation and that exogenous NO* acts as a capacitation inducer and involves the participation of PKA, PKC and PTK as part of the intracellular mechanisms that lead to capacitation in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. Paper-10794302.
Direct evidence for CD40-mediated PTK activation was demonstrated by increased tyrosine phosphorylation as detected by anti-phosphotyrosine Western blots of cell lysates prepared from dense resting tonsil B cells stimulated with biotinylated anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody plus avidin. Paper-8230509.
These signalling pathways, except that for bcl-2 pathway, appear to be mediated by multiple PTKs: p56lck is critical for the induction of the c-fos/ c-jun genes, the activation of Syk PTKs results in the induction of the c-myc gene and Jak3 PTK is required for the induction of both c-fos and c-myc genes. Paper-851090.
Lowering the temperature from 41 to 36 degrees C stimulates quiescent tsLA23-NRK rat cells (infected with the tsLA23 mutant of the Rous sarcoma virus) in serum-free medium to resume cycling and initiate DNA replication by reactivating the tsLA23-RSV's abnormally thermolabile pp60v-src protein-tyrosine kinase. Paper-39778.
Further, this provides evidence that p56lck PTK is a substrate of CD45 phosphotyrosine phosphatase in vivo and thereby supports the idea that CD45 is an early regulator of T cell activation involved in the modulation of the coupling of receptor-triggered events to intracellular signalling pathways. Paper-79420.
Tyrphostin A51 and genistein each markedly reduced cellular tyrosyl phosphorylation level (assessed by Western analysis using a commercial anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and the enhanced chemiluminescence detection assay), confirming that these two effectors are potent PTK inhibitors in human bone cells. Paper-1594354.
Recently, we demonstrated that LTK utilizes Shc and IRS-1 as two major substrates and while both equally activate the Ras pathway, only IRS-1 suppresses apoptosis of hematopoietic cells, suggesting the existence of another unidentified signaling pathway downstream of IRS-1, which is relevant to the anti-apoptotic activity. Paper-1089191.
Compounds 2 (macrostemososide A), 3 (laxogenin-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-arabinopyra nosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside), 4 ( chinenoside II), 7 (ginsenoside-Rd), 52 ( icariin), 53 (icariside), and 54 ( icaritin) showed relatively obvious inhibition on this H/ R-induced PTK activation. Paper-2202530.
The following results were observed: (1) the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A induced by I/ R was suppressed by genistein, an inhibitor of PTK, but was further enhanced by sodium orthovanadate, an inhibitor of PTP, which were administered to the SD rats 20 min before ischemia. Paper-9885359.
Even at very high concentrations ranging from 175-350 microM, this inhibitor did not affect the enzymatic activity of other PTKs, including the Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK3, the Src family kinase HCK, the Tec family member Bruton's tyrosine kinase, SYK kinase, and the receptor family PTK insulin receptor kinase. Paper-2092248.
Furthermore, the broad spectrum neuropeptide receptor antagonist [ D-Arg, D = Phe, D-Trp, Leu11]substance P inhibits all neuropeptide-mediated signals (including PTK activation), SCLC cell growth in vivo and in vitro, and also increases the natural rate of apoptosis seen in growing SCLC cell lines. Paper-679894.
A comparison of the hypericin-mediated inhibition of the epidermal growth factor-receptor PTK and protein kinase CK-2 revealed that the inhibition is irreversible, strictly dependent upon irradiation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex with fluorescent light and likely mediated by the formation of radical intermediates (type I mechanism). Paper-256682.
The PTK inhibitor genistein ( GEN) and PKC inhibitor staurosporine ( STP) down-regulated Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 expression, and induced growth inhibition by blocking at the G2/ M phase of cell cycle, followed by apoptosis, leading to chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Paper-9150735.
The use of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-specific inhibitor herbimycin A dramatically decreased cellular proliferation without altering the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 long terminal repeat ( HIV-1 LTR), a promoter largely dependent on the binding of nuclear factor kappa B (NF- kappa B). Paper-749793.
Collectively, these findings indicate that A/ R-induced E-selectin expression and neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion are mediated by both PKC and PTK, which signal rapid activation of NF kappa B. This A/ R-induced NF kappa B signaling response appears to be mediated, at least in part, by intracellular redox imbalance. Paper-8694119.
However, when signaling through the BCR was bypassed by direct stimulation of the Raf1/MEK/MAPK module via a rise in [Ca2+]i and phorbol ester-induced PKC activation, the phosphotransferase activities of Raf1, MEK and MAPK were still regulated in a PTK-dependent manner that was also partially sensitive to the PTPase inhibitor PAO. Paper-564901.
Cromakalim and NS1619 (10(-8), 10(-6) M) induced pial artery dilation was blunted after FPI, but partially restored by the PTK inhibitors genistein (10(-6) M) and tyrphostin A23 (10(-5) M) (10+/-1 and 19+/-1%, sham control; 2+/-1 and 4+/-1%, FPI; and 7+/-1 and 11+/-1% FPI-genistein pretreated for NS1619 10(-8), 10(-6) M, respectively). Paper-9224454.
Activation of the PTK was blocked when gametes underwent flagellar adhesion in the presence of the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, but not in the presence of the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H8, which (unlike staurosporine) does not block the increases in cAMP. Paper-9965459.
One early consequence of this TCR-mediated PTK activation is the phosphorylation of the gamma 1 isoform of phospholipase C. This phosphorylation event is associated with increased enzymatic activity resulting in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate into two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Paper-7301595.
This effect was inhibited by KT5720 but not by Genistein or Brefeldin A. These data show that forskolin activates PKA-sensitive cell shrinkage in adult human H441 lung epithelial cell monolayers, which induces a PTK-sensitive translocation of EGFP-halphaENaC subunits to the apical membrane and increases amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport. Paper-11317152.
Modulators of PKA ( cyclic AMP, forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine and cholera toxin), PKG ( cyclic GMP, zaprinast, LY 83583 and sodium nitroprusside), PKC ( phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, staurosporine and chelerythrine) and PTK ( genistein and tyrphostin 25) failed to affect the accumulation of a non-saturating (2.5 microM) concentration of L-DOPA. Paper-8838550.
These synonyms are used for gene LTK (leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase): TYK1, Protein tyrosine kinase 1, Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor.
These accession numbers are used for gene LTK: X60702 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), DA452723 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), B4DL89 (UNIPROT__AC), A6NNJ8 (UNIPROT__AC).
LTK is a homologue of scd-2 (Suppressor of Constitutive Dauer formation) from Caenorhabditis elegans.
LTK is a homologue of LTK (leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase) from Pan troglodytes.
LTK is a homologue of LTK (leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase) from Gallus gallus.
LTK is a homologue of Ltk (leukocyte tyrosine kinase) from Mus musculus.
LTK is a homologue of Ltk (leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase) from Rattus norvegicus.
LTK is a homologue of ltk (leukocyte tyrosine kinase) from Danio rerio.
LTK is a homologue of Alk (CG8250 gene product from transcript CG8250-RA) from Drosophila melanogaster.
LTK is a homologue of AgaP_AGAP012070 (AGAP012070-PA) from Anopheles gambiae str. PEST.
Important links !
iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins .
Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.