The most recent information on NPY is here. Click here for the function of NPY. Edit this page in Wiki Genes - NPY or see Wiki Gene. NPY and chronic neurodegenerative disease. Paper-10832190. NPY L7P polymorphism and metabolic diseases. Paper-12967840. The human NPY gene is located in chromosome 7. Paper-13315964. Patients who had repeatedly attempted suicide had the lowest NPY. Paper-1870582. Lastly, NPY inhibited estrogen-induced cell proliferation through Y1R. Paper-11395223. NPY and CPON were detected in all three cases of hyperplasia. Paper-404351. NPY also suppresses the release of NA from sympathetic fibers. Paper-104121. NPY, however, is co-localized with SRIF immunoreactivity. Paper-4751885. NPY and extreme stress: lessons learned from posttraumatic stress disorder. Paper-10832187. Neuropeptide Y: occurrence and distribution in dental pulps. Paper-4562465. NPY caused a contraction of both pulmonary and bronchial arteries. Paper-6603755. NPY is coreleased with norepinephrine by perivascular nerve endings. Paper-6843457. NPY is a 36-aminoacid peptide expressed in several areas of the nervous system. Paper-13315964. The stimulation of MDA MB-231 cell migration by NPY is inhibited by CGP71683A. Paper-15243885. In the gymnophionan, cells containing AVT and NPY are distinct from AMi cells. Paper-9020060. Functional expression of neuropeptide Y receptors in human neuroblastoma cells. Paper-11184044. Regulation of the Y1 neuropeptide Y receptor gene expression in PC12 cells. Paper-8990127. Stimulation by neuropeptide Y of growth hormone secretion in prolactinoma in vivo. Paper-923991. Nevertheless, metyrapone implantation increased CRF1 and NPY mRNA levels in confined fish. Paper-11314060. When the endothelium was removed, NPY caused a contraction under ischaemic conditions only. Paper-6817463. Additional studies suggest that cocaine may affect NPY expression. Paper-13547501. We have previously identified genetic linkage to familial CAD in the genomic region of NPY. Paper-13562179. Neuropeptide Y antagonism reduces reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans. Paper-10534165. NPY is present in noradrenergic neurones and causes mainly increased vascular resistance. Paper-5082010. Colocalization of NPY/AM seems to be possible in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of anurans. Paper-9020060. Neuropeptide Y: its multiple effects in the CNS and potential clinical significance. Paper-13668668. NPY suppressed the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity ( IC50 value 19 nM). Paper-81871. Immunoreactivity to NPY and PP was also discernible in cells of the pancreatic ducts. Paper-8497541. The content of NPY was much higher (15-fold) in the trachea compared to small bronchi. Paper-6603755. NPY mRNA levels were not significantly affected by hGHRH transgene expression. Paper-8705308. Neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms have not been investigated in eating disorders before. Paper-15880235. NPY potently inhibited Ca2+ currents recorded under voltage clamp in rat DRG cells. Paper-6095105. Nerve fibers were detected by using a series of antisera directed against NPY or against CPON. Paper-58851. NPY family of hormones: clinical relevance and potential use in gastrointestinal disease. Paper-12592192. A close co-operation between NPY and NA in the neuronal control of smooth muscle is suggested. Paper-7006685. The presence of increasing doses of NPY shifted the concentration-response curve for NA to the left. Paper-7006685. Neuropeptide Y and the heart: implication for myocardial infarction and heart failure. Paper-10832166. Nerves containing NPY and VIP occurred in varying numbers in both adenomas and carcinomas. Paper-2065630. Neuropeptide Y gene expression is increased in the hypothalamus of older women. Paper-10293634. NPY inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation with an IC(50) value of 52 pmol/L. Paper-15243885. Autonomic NPY-containing nerve fibers innervated eccrine sweat glands and blood vessels. Paper-8626674. Moreover, the NPY Y1 receptor is highly expressed on human adipocytes, where it inhibits lipolysis. Paper-9303906. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in NPY between anterior and posterior vaginal epithelium. Paper-12838670. NPY hyperinnervation in Hirschsprung's disease: both adrenergic and nonadrenergic fibers contribute. Paper-7006031. NA contracted veins from human skeletal muscle, while NPY had only small effects. Paper-5666546. The human adrenal cortex and adrenal tumors express NPY receptor subtype Y1, but its function is unknown. Paper-14228645. The results corroborate the involvement of NPY in sexual maturation and its role in delayed puberty. Paper-10559521. NPY did not affect basal or noradrenaline-induced accumulation of inositol phosphates in the iris. Paper-81871. Distribution of neuropeptide Y interneurons in the dorsal prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia. Paper-10235829. Melanotropin release inhibiting activity of neuropeptide Y: structure-activity relationships. Paper-5751542. Different plasma neuropeptide Y concentrations in women athletes with and without menstrual cyclicity. Paper-10812911. Icv injections of NPY, galanin and ghrelin stimulated GHRH release without affecting SRIF release. Paper-11413737. NPY reduced this satiation associated positive shift (p<0.05) over all areas except P3 and Pz. Paper-9733632. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of neuropeptide Y on growth hormone secretion in acromegaly in vivo. Paper-1447897. This antagonist (60 microg, icv) also inhibited the stimulatory action of NPY (0.7 nmol) on food intake. Paper-1965352. At the gestational age of 16, 17 and 18 weeks no adrenergic or NPY-positive nerve fibers were seen. Paper-6981406. Neuropeptide-Y stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in human erythroleukemia cells. Paper-8345448. The results demonstrate the existence of NPY in adrenergic nerve fibres surrounding the human uterine artery. Paper-7006685. Following ischemia in the rat, most of the NPY immunoreactivity is permanently lost in hippocampus. Paper-1158652. The isolated rabbit iris was studied with respect to NPY binding sites and second messenger coupling. Paper-81871. NPY first appears in a few principal neurons (less than 1%) of paravertebral ganglia 9 and 10 at stage XI. Paper-18246. Neuropeptide Y and markers of osteoblast activity in dialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Paper-12547429. Neuropeptide Y modulates neurotransmitter release and Ca2+ currents in rat sensory neurons. Paper-6095105. The maximal effect of NPY 500 nM was similar to that of phenylephrine and noradrenaline (10 microns). Paper-6495130. Neuropeptide Y receptor binding sites in human brain. Possible alteration in Alzheimer's disease. Paper-6820550. Chromosome 4q31-34 panic disorder risk locus: association of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor variants. Paper-14325861. The NPY levels were lower in IBS-D than in IBS-C, both in the ascending colon and in the descending colon. Paper-9788597. The chronic hyperphagia of lactation is most likely sustained by the induction of NPY in the DMH. Paper-13947395. Of all the neuropeptides investigated, only NPY appeared to be densely distributed in the pancreas of the camel. Paper-923385. Although the placenta is devoid of nerves, an NPY-like transcript was detected in the villous trophoblast layer. Paper-7566869. Neuropeptide Y family of peptides: structure, anatomical expression, function, and molecular evolution. Paper-8586457. This inhibitory effect of NPY was completely eliminated by glucocorticoid pretreatment of cultured keratinocytes. Paper-7848219. By contrast, i.c.v. injection of frog NPY and short-term corticosterone treatment increased food intake. Paper-10254519. Interactions of neuropeptide Y, hypocretin-I (orexin A) and melanin-concentrating hormone on feeding in rats. Paper-9506533. Y1 receptor of neuropeptide Y as a glial marker in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and diseased human retina. Paper-9307747. The effects of [des-Ser3,Lys4]D-Cys2- NPY indicate that the Y1-receptor may possess an allosteric binding site. Paper-110892. NPY had no effects; somatostatin contracted Acc segments, and in high concentrations CC and CS strips. Paper-4829324. Subpopulations of NPY- and ANP-immunoreactive endothelial cells were present in term umbilical vein and artery. Paper-7769507. Distribution and relationships of neuropeptide Y and NADPH-diaphorase in human ventrolateral medulla oblongata. Paper-1011529. More studies on different ethnic groups are needed to further elucidate the influence of the NPY gene on alcoholism. Paper-9274053. Haplotype analysis also did not yield significant association between NPY gene and obesity (global P=0.756). Paper-15303643. Among the primary functions associated with NPY are its acute effects on feeding behavior and energy expenditure. Paper-15303643. 4. Hypoxia increased and simulated ischaemia reduced the contractile response to NPY in endothelium intact rings. Paper-6817463. It is concluded that NPY in the nasal mucosa is mainly present in perivascular nerves of sympathetic origin. Paper-6600286. It is concluded that NPY is a specific, potent modulator of adrenergic neurosecretion in the rabbit iris-ciliary body. Paper-13843. Galanin is co-localized with noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y in dog pancreas and celiac ganglion. Paper-6628570. NPY was identified in pancreatic neurons and in some peripheral and central cells of the islets of Langerhans. Paper-836700. Y5 receptors mediate neuropeptide Y actions at excitatory synapses in area CA3 of the mouse hippocampus. Paper-9353786. At rest, all NPY concentrations were below the limit of detection, but after exercise it was found in six of 30 samples. Paper-11330663. The NPY levels in both plasma and the sigmoid were significantly lower in IBS patients than in controls (p < 0.05). Paper-13510731. RESULTS: At 17 weeks a rich plexus of PGP and NPY-containing nerves was present throughout the detrusor muscle coat. Paper-162574. The specimens were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and NPY immunohistochemical staining. Paper-12838670. Using a complementary mutagenesis approach, we were able to discover a novel interaction point between hY 5R and NPY. Paper-14447017. NPY-nerve fibres were found in tunica media and substance P- and GIP- nerve fibres in tunica adventitia. Paper-642262. Marked decrease of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor binding sites in the hippocampus in murine prion disease. Paper-1259610. Here we report the cloning by expression of a novel NPY receptor subtype from a rat hypothalamus cDNA library. Paper-720159. NPY neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play an important role in energy homeostasis and endocrine control. Paper-13710920. Leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism in prepro- NPY gene and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Paper-10943896. NPY had no effect on the corresponding venules while NA caused a slight contraction of these vessels. Paper-5666546. An increased level of NPY after antipsychotic treatment was also reported in animal brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients. Paper-13611573. CONCLUSIONS: NPY modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and inhibits limbic seizure activity in the mouse hippocampus. Paper-9512363. We conclude that Pro7 substitution in signal peptide of the NPY is associated with enhanced endothelial-dependent vasodilation. Paper-9753558. On the other hand, NPY administration had no effect either on thyroid gland weight or on serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels. Paper-6559320. Exercise would also contribute to the stimulation of brain NPY neurons by reducing energy stores and plasma insulin levels. Paper-8252562. It is characterized mainly by medium sized NPY-like perikarya which were shown to project onto the ipsilateral optic tectum. Paper-7006897. 5. In the rings containing endothelium, NPY enhanced the contraction caused by U46619 during hypoxia only. Paper-6817463. The elevations of [Ca2+]i by NPY and SRIF were abolished by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (200 ng-ml-1, 16 h). Paper-1013711. 10. The relationships of the recently described mollusc and worm peptides NPF and PYF with the NPY family still appear unclear. Paper-7604707. NPY is the most abundant peptide in the brain and is involved in the regulation of food intake and of circadian rhythm. Paper-8368438. These results suggest that genetic variation at the NPY locus may contribute to bone density, independently of body weight. Paper-14090010. Removal of the superior cervical ganglion resulted in a reduction of NPY-like material in pial vessels and dura mater. Paper-5547286. The interaction between the vasoconstrictor effects of NPY and the thromboxane mimetic, U46619, was also studied. Paper-6817463. By late embryonic development, twice as many TH-IR cells expressed NPY and 4 times as many expressed L-Enk as in the adult. Paper-6820647. Binding sites for NPY are present in adrenal medulla and zona glomerulosa (ZG), where also several NPY-ergic fibers end. Paper-1573921. NPY and LEU-ENK immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers of the camel lacrimal gland. Paper-1024487. The trigeminal ganglion of the species studied contained only single TH-IR or VIP-IR but no NPY-positive ganglion cells. Paper-6600286. Neuropeptide Y expression in vaginal epithelium of women with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Paper-12838670. Substance P, CCK, NPY, and enkephalins are present in high concentrations in basal ganglia and mesolimbic areas. Paper-5565816. NPY treatment of BT-549 cells induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation but did not alter intracellular calcium. Paper-15243885. In the arcuate nucleus, NPY-expressing neurones were mostly found in the inner zone in close proximity of the third ventricle. Paper-9822906. The use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer 2 to study neuropeptide Y receptor agonist-induced beta-arrestin 2 interaction. Paper-9746295. 2. NPY has a vasopressor effect, reflecting direct vasoconstriction of blood vessels and potentiation of the NA-evoked response. Paper-104121. NPY is a potent orexigenic peptide, which has effects on energy balance at the level of energy intake, expenditure, and partition. Paper-12967840. The structure-activity relationship study suggests that the bioactive determinant of NPY is located in the C-terminal part of the molecule. Paper-5751542. The NPY system appears to be variously associated with specific tumors, including neural crest-derived tumors, breast and prostate cancers. Paper-12592189. Involvement of neuropeptide Y and its Y1 and Y5 receptors in maintaining self-renewal and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells. Paper-14091108. Fat pad weight as well as plasma insulin, leptin, and corticosterone levels were strongly increased in NPY-treated mice. Paper-10284083. The functional investigation of a human adenocarcinoma cell line, stably transfected with the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor. Paper-844401. For both methods, Arc cresyl violet staining ( cell density) and NPY and Y1 receptor-immunoreactivity (ir) were significantly decreased. Paper-15170045. The pattern of hemodynamic responses of NPY was similar to that of NE but, unlike the latter, persisted after adrenergic blockade. Paper-5425552. We observed that IL-1beta increases the release of NPY, norepinephrine ( NE), and epinephrine (EP) from human chromaffin cells. Paper-13752795. Thapsigargin (100 nM), an agent which discharges intracellular Ca2+ stores, also blocked the NPY and SRIF elevations of [Ca2+]i. 10. Paper-1013711. The increases in paraventricular NA utilization may contribute to the increases in ACTH, ALDO and CORTICO secretion induced by NPY. Paper-5615243. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity localizes to preganglionic axon terminals in the rhesus monkey ciliary ganglion. Paper-1321304. Studies of the effect of NPY and related peptide PYY on adrenal steroidogenesis revealed a decrease in 11-deoxycortisol production. Paper-14228645. These data indicate that some NPY- and CPON-immunoreactive nerve fibers of the sheep pineal gland derive from an extrasympathetic origin. Paper-58851. Numerous NPY- and CPON-immunoreactive (IR) nerves also appeared in the gonads, but the vast majority were confined to blood vessels. Paper-13634823. No significant correlation was found between plasma NPY concentration and blood pressure in kidney transplant patients and in healthy subjects. Paper-10921830. The present data support the existence of: (1) NPY binding sites of the Y3-like subtype, on rat adrenal capsule/ zona glomerulosa. Paper-143776. Changes in leptin, ghrelin, growth hormone and neuropeptide-Y after an acute model of MDMA and methamphetamine exposure in rats. Paper-12738436. Human neuropeptide Y signal peptide gain-of-function polymorphism is associated with increased body mass index: possible mode of function. Paper-11220197. The relevance of the helical structure observed in trifluoroethanol to the structure of this peptide bound to the NPY Y2 receptor is discussed. Paper-2054612. NPY- and TH-ir fibers were located in the vicinity of the basal lamina, but they were less abundant than VIP-ir fibers at this region. Paper-190503. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not validate the association between previously implicated SNPs in NPY gene and obesity in an Indian population. Paper-15303643. Finally, NPY significantly inhibited the forskolin-induced cAMP production in smooth muscle but not in endothelial cell cultures. Paper-1758718. Neuropeptide Y signal peptide Pro7 substitution protects against coronary artery atherosclerosis: the Helsinki Sudden Death Study. Paper-13085068. The amino acid sequence deduced from the rat Y5 cDNA clone shows only 30-33% identity to other NPY receptors, including Y1, Y2, and Y4/PP1. Paper-720159. Nimodipine also relaxed isolated middle cerebral artery segments contracted by NPY and NA in a concentration-dependent manner. Paper-5085549. Intense immunoreactivity in the musculature suggests that part of ChAT/ SP- and NOS/ NPY/ VIP-positive neurones function as motorneurones. Paper-1387958. These results offer a genetic basis to the hypothesis that NPY is causally implicated in the pathogenetic pathway leading to LVH in ESRD patients. Paper-15285555. The NPY- and TH-IR nerves in quadriceps muscle of the guinea pig were absent after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. Paper-5666546. Neuropeptide Y and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: interaction in obesity and possible role in the development of hypertension. Paper-12998988. ARC- NPY neurones are inhibited by leptin and insulin and become overactive when levels of these hormones fall during undernutrition. Paper-8924308. NPY is widely distributed in the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, the amygdala, the locus coeruleus and the cerebral cortex. Paper-15247104. NPY thus seems to be a major peptide in the sympathetic nervous system, supporting its proposed role in sympathetic neurotransmission. Paper-4364853. After RU 486 treatment, however, there was a tendency towards a decrease of NPY- and VIP-immunoreactivity, and an increase of CGRP-immunoreactivity. Paper-6655343. NPY mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex: Selective reduction in the superficial white matter of subjects with schizoaffective disorder. Paper-14094871. In contrast to the response to noradrenaline (NA) and K+, the NPY effect was not altered by changes in the extracellular Ca++ concentration. Paper-6087366. Immunoreactivity to NPY occurred in many nerve fibres associated with blood vessels and in single nerves supplying smooth muscle cells. Paper-9398068. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers were numerous around blood vessels and moderate in number among bundles of striated muscle fibers. Paper-6629795. Nevertheless glomerular filtration rate is altered only little if at all by NPY, indicating a greater effect on the vas efferens than the vas afferens. Paper-1353691. NPY 16-36 had no effect on extracellular field potentials, but still significantly inhibited excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. Paper-7192899. Five Y receptors are known which mediate the action of neuropeptide Y and its two other family members, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. Paper-10198385. NPY exerts prejunctional inhibitory actions on noradrenaline release and may also mediate non-adrenergic sympathetic vasoconstriction. Paper-6256256. There were no IR immunocompetent cells in the control materials, however, a large number of them showed IR for SP (46.2%) and NPY (34.4%) in the SS. Paper-10440509. At this age, as at earlier stages of gestation, no NPY-positive nerve fibers were seen either in the epiperineurium or in the endoneurium. Paper-6981406. A recent population study suggested that the Pro7 allele of a functional NPY polymorphism (Leu7Pro) may be associated with increased alcohol consumption. Paper-9547936. In contrast, the inhibitory effects induced by NPY and APP usually returned to the control level after 20-30 min and had minimal tachyphylaxis. Paper-4352819. NPY correlated positively with bIMT [ r 0.04 (SE 0.02), p=0.007] and E-selectin negatively with FMD [ r -0.05 (S.E 0.02), p=0.039]. Paper-15507720. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine, which blocked the response to noradrenaline ( NA), had no effect on NPY-induced contractions. Paper-5085549. Taken together these findings are in good agreement with the view that NPY in the arcuate nucleus plays an important role in regulating feeding behaviour. Paper-1525007. In the dorsomedial hypothalamus, CR, PR, and FR rats had significantly increased NPY expression that was not normalized until the ER state. Paper-13589918. NPY inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate ( cAMP) accumulation and mobilized intracellular Ca(2+) in MCF-7 cells. Paper-11395223. CONCLUSIONS: NPY Pro7 substitution protects middle-aged men from coronary artery atherosclerosis and might decrease the risk of acute coronary events. Paper-13085068. Infusion of NPY at the same rate produced similar plasma concentrations (52.5 +/- 1.1 pmol/1) and had no significant effect on the rate of gastric emptying. Paper-4811084. Although alterations occur in the levels of various neuropeptides in basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is not known whether NPY is affected. Paper-9748811. NPY overexpression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus increases food intake whereas its ablation in this area reduces hyperphagia and obesity. Paper-15590005. NPY mRNA was weakly expressed in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens in normal individuals with a scattered labelling of neurones. Paper-9748811. The signal transduction pathway causing the synergistic hypertrophic effects of neuropeptide Y and norepinephrine on primary cardiomyocyte. Paper-11552283. Additionally, NPY significantly decreased the amplitude of the N1 ERP component in the amygdala of the EtOH group, but not in the control group. Paper-1989537. In contrast, NPY appears to modulate the secretory response of dispersed rat ZG cells to their main agonists ( ACTH, angiotensin-II and potassium). Paper-11248658. In both types of vessels Met-enkephalin seldom gave any significant dilatation, and no response occurred in the presence of Leu-enkephalin or NPY. Paper-5614774. K(+)-evoked GABA release was sensitive to leptin, insulin and PYY(3-36), indicating that GABA was released by arcuate NPY/AgRP/ GABA neurones. Paper-15174842. Using transient transfection of the human NPY 5(') regulatory region into the GT1-7 neurons, we have found a repressor region located between -867 and -1078. Paper-9815012. In the present study, LC-MS/ MS was used to identify and quantify NPY fragments resulting from peptidolytic cleavage of NPY(1-36) upon incubation with human serum. Paper-13976462. A highly sensitive single-stranded complementary mRNA hybridization probe specific for neuropeptide Y mRNA was prepared using the bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Paper-4713987. Chronic estrogen treatment enhanced NPY-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation by 4-fold and caused a significant increase in Y1R mRNA expression through ERalpha. Paper-11395223. We also analyzed NPY plasma levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients with age and pregnancy-week matched controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Paper-15512375. Some of these compounds, like BIBP3226, BIBO3304 and GW1229, have recently been used for in vivo investigations of the NPY-induced increase in food intake. Paper-8495485. The results indicate that NPY inhibits chloride secretion by a direct action on cells of the shark rectal gland at a site distal to the generation of cAMP. Paper-7846610. Levels of mRNAs for NPY and galanin in the arcuate nucleus, and for MCH and CART in the zona incerta did not change significantly after LPS treatment. Paper-8990131. Some of these peptides were compared in the mammalian cardiovascular system for activity mediated by actions on pre- (Y2) and post-junctional (Y1) NPY receptors. Paper-1514739. Infusion of NPY did not affect the stimulating effect on mucociliary activity by bolus injections (0.1 and 0.5 microgram/kg) of the cholinergic agonist, methacholine. Paper-7208576. The NPY-alkaline phosphatase link was confirmed in a multiple regression analysis adjusting for a series of potential confounders, including parathyroid hormone. Paper-12547429. Regulation of catecholamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase in human adrenal chromaffin cells by interleukin-1beta: role of neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide. Paper-13752795. Synergistic interaction of Y1- neuropeptide Y and alpha 1b-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and arachidonic acid production. Paper-225543. Colocalization of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in brainstem catecholaminergic neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Paper-5029580. After administration of 6-OHDA intracisternally, the catecholamine and NPY immunoreactivities were decreased both in the brainstem and IML of the spinal cord. Paper-7870144. Neuropeptide Y receptor genes are associated with alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal phenotypes, and cocaine dependence. Paper-13547501. We demonstrate that NPY inhibits lordosis duration in a dose-related fashion after lateral ventricular injection in ovariectomized, steroid-primed Syrian hamsters. Paper-8707293. NPY is abundantly expressed in regions of the limbic system that are implicated in arousal and in the assignment of emotional valences to stimuli and memories. Paper-14310261. COS-7 cells transfected with the cDNA express high affinity binding sites for NPY, peptide YY, and NPY13-36, whereas [Leu31,Pro34]NPY binds with lower affinity. Paper-369182. However, constant NPY-ergic tone seems to exist in the dorsal periaqueductal gray, the only brain region where NPY Y(1) receptor antagonists had anxiogenic-like effects. Paper-9471487. Fasting or ingestion of a meal induces changes in the mRNA expression of NPY, orexins and CART, suggesting that nutritional status modulates the action of these systems. Paper-12122076. Leucine 7-proline 7 polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y is not a risk factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Paper-13114952. Genome-wide copy number variation analysis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: association with neuropeptide Y gene dosage in an extended pedigree. Paper-15177280. Effects of maternal deprivation on the somatotrophic axis and neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus and pituitary in female lambs. The histomorphometric study. Paper-15327395. Moreover, it has been also suggested that endogenous NPY may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure and in the pathophysiology of pheochromocytomas. Paper-11248658. Logistic regression analysis did not reveal significant association with obesity and NPY single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs) in the present study. Paper-15303643. Ganglion cells immunoreactive for catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the rat adrenal gland. Paper-8151432. Increases in NPY mRNA levels were seen in the hippocampus, layers II-III of the entorhinal cortex, nucleus accumbens shell and in the medial caudate-putamen. Paper-388028. NPY inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation in SK-N-MC cells stimulated by isoproterenol, dopamine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholera toxin, and forskolin. Paper-6818225. Pharmacological characterization of 125I-PP binding shows a rank order of potency of PP >> PYY >/= NPY, which is similar to that of the mouse Y4/PP1 receptor. Paper-778617. The peptide is present in abundance throughout the central nervous system and qualitatively in both the brain and peripheral structures, it has the same distribution as NPY. Paper-5027001. Metformin inhibits adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated kinase activation and prevents increases in neuropeptide Y expression in cultured hypothalamic neurons. Paper-12427658. Plasma NPY level in patients with IBS with diarrhea as a predominant bowel pattern was lower than in patients with IBS with constipation as a predominant bowel pattern. Paper-13510731. This study suggests that subsets of arcuate nucleus dopaminergic and NPY neurons may transduce, at least in part, the progesterone-mediated inhibition of GnRH secretion. Paper-11010451. This binding of hNPY is reduced by alkali cations in preference to non-ionic chaotrope urea, while the much lower non-specific binding of pPYY is more sensitive to urea. Paper-15634602. The possible roles of the central noradrenergic and NPY systems in the etiology of the hypercortisolemia of endogenous depression and anorexia nervosa are discussed. Paper-8251703. NPY displays a multiplicity of physiological effects that are transmitted by at least six G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Y(1), Y(2), Y(3), Y(4), Y(5), and y(6). Paper-10715853. The solution structure of human neuropeptide Y has been solved by conventional two-dimensional NMR techniques followed by distance-geometry and molecular-dynamics methods. Paper-74009. Plasma NPY was quantified with an enzyme immunoassay, and transcription characteristics were investigated by a reporter gene assay and an enzyme mobility shift assay. Paper-14041163. In ORDX rats, ARH NPY mRNA was decreased during acute hypoglycemia and after multiple exposures; however, gene expression was not further suppressed by RIIH. Paper-14484999. These findings raise the possibility that centrally originating NPY can influence cerebral blood flow, possibly by stimulating NPY-Rs on the peripheral side of the muscle cells. Paper-1525007. Electron microscopy showed NPY immunoreactivity in vesicle-like cytoplasmic structures, of a fine fibrillar texture, as well as in mitochondria and in the nucleus. Paper-10759478. Contractions produced by a single submaximal dose of exogenous NE or serotonin ( 5-HT) in unstimulated preparations were not affected by pretreatment with NPY. Paper-4352819. Blockade of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor with the specific antagonist BIIE0246 attenuates the effect of endogenous and exogenous peptide YY(3-36) on food intake. Paper-11114813. Elderly underweight anorectic patients had significantly lower levels of beta-endorphin but increased concentrations of NPY in both plasma and CSF when compared to controls. Paper-7592893. Findings indicate that NPY is co-released with catecholamines under a variety of stimuli, including splanchnic nerve and cholinergic- and nicotinic-receptor activation. Paper-11248658. Comparative study of the neuropeptide-Y sympathetic nerves in endometriotic involved and noninvolved sacrouterine ligaments in women with pelvic endometriosis. Paper-13759070. These findings support the concept of neuronal or neuropeptide involvement in vitiligo, and in particular suggest that NPY may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Paper-8226773. These data suggest an interaction of NPY at a postsynaptic site, which for induction of contraction may open calcium channels in the sarcolemma of cerebral arteries. Paper-5547286. 7. These findings indicate that NPY and noradrenaline act directly on the gastric microvasculature to induce vasoconstriction and both can induce acute mucosal damage. Paper-7117257. No association between the -399 C > T polymorphism of the neuropeptide Y gene and schizophrenia, unipolar depression or panic disorder in a Danish population. Paper-11366938. These results suggest that endogenous alpha-MSH and NPY containing systems may interact in the amygdala and regulate exploratory behavior in an animal model of anxiety. Paper-11114803. NPY plays a dual role as a modulator of sympathetic co-transmission; it facilitates vascular smooth muscle reactivity and modulates the presynaptic release of ATP and NA. Paper-10832157. The subepithelial nerves of the vas deferens are assumed to have a secretomotor function and are rich in acetylcholinesterase and NPY, many also containing either VIP or NOS. Paper-1680817. We therefore used autoradiography and immunohistochemistry methodologies to identify NPY receptors in the testes, and found them primarily located on blood vessels. Paper-15611555. A fusion gene (pY1-Luc) was constructed where the reporter enzyme firefly luciferase was placed under the control of 700 bp of the promoter region of the rat NPY-Y1 receptor gene. Paper-8990127. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the genetic polymorphism producing the proline(7) substitution of NPY might not predispose to alcoholism, but indeed retard the transition to alcoholism. Paper-8898525. RESULTS: The subjects with Leu7/Pro7 genotype had decreased plasma NPY, norepinephrine (NE), and insulin concentrations and insulin to glucose ratios. Paper-11290122. NPY receptors are coupled to various signal transduction mechanisms including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and stimulation or inhibition of increases in intracellular Ca2+. Paper-839318. Mn2+ induced a quench of the fura-2 fluorescence, which ceased promptly upon the removal of NPY, indicating that Ca2+ entry was linked tightly to receptor activation. Paper-8174967. NPY attenuates the effect of nicotine on mucociliary activity, probably via a prejunctional mechanism, and may act as a modulator of cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system. Paper-7208576. Although thapsigargin- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores were present, NPY-induced responses were not impaired by pretreatment with either drug. Paper-8174967. The three-dimensional structure of synthetic human neuropeptide Y in aqueous solution at pH 3.2 and 37 degrees C was determined from two-dimensional 1H NMR data recorded at 600 MHz. Paper-893159. Similarly, NPY rises during proestrous in the medial region of the PVN (+ 21%; P < 0.05) in addition to the MPOA (+78%; P < 0.05) and arcuate nucleus (+35%; P < 0.05). Paper-1369698. In the present study, we examined the putative juxtapositions between the NPY- and GHRH-immunoreactive (IR) systems in the human hypothalamus using double-label immunohistochemistry. Paper-14445390. NPY can stimulate Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) in proximal tubules via Y2 receptors and can antagonize the effects of vasopressin on isolated collecting ducts. Paper-1353691. Parallel decreases were noted in NPY and beta-endorphin (beta-END) concentrations in the hypothalamus, whereas luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) levels increased. Paper-10462186. Elevated neuropeptide Y expression in the hypothalamus leads to the development of obesity and its related phenotypes, Type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Paper-10198385. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in the genes encoding NPY Y1 and Y5 and the development of obesity and dyslipidemia. Paper-9303906. Neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor promotes cell growth through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling and cyclic AMP inhibition in a human breast cancer cell line. Paper-15243885. LDL-C decreased among boys with normal weight in both NPY groups and in overweight boys with the Leu7/Leu7 genotype, whereas it increased in overweight boys with the Pro7 allele. Paper-12764203. Progesterone-receptive dopaminergic and neuropeptide Y neurons project from the arcuate nucleus to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-rich regions of the ovine preoptic area. Paper-11010451. The requirements for the elevations of [Ca2+]i by NPY and SRIF are the same as those for delta- and mu-opioid receptor and nociceptin receptor mobilization of [Ca2+]i in SH-SY5Y cells. Paper-1013711. In Experiment 2, six ovariectomized cows that were well nourished and implanted with estradiol received TCV injections of 0, 50, or 500 micrograms of NPY in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin Square. Paper-1884890. The combination of noradrenaline (1 microM) and NPY (10 nM) contracted mesenteric arteries from WKY and SHR to higher levels than compared to either contractile agent added alone. Paper-9806165. Thus while NPY may occur in some of the intramuscular noradrenergic nerve fibres it is clearly not confined to this type of nerve in either the vas deferens or the seminal vesicle. Paper-8227467. These results demonstrate a rare case of ectopic production of GHRH, ACTH and NPY, and indicate that the tumour cells were responsive to GHRH and GHRP-6 as well as octreotide. Paper-1416743. During development there is novel expression of NPY mRNA in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and perifornical region (PFR), in addition to the arcuate nucleus ( ARH). Paper-9068969. Transcriptional control elements were investigated by fusing 581 base pairs of the 5' sequences of the NPY gene to the promoterless structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Paper-5241645. Somatostatin and NPY did not affect the resting tonus of these vessels, but somatostatin potentiated the epinephrine-induced contraction of the celiac artery. Paper-1603838. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To show the relationship between the neuropeptide-Y pelvic sympathetic nerves and neoangiogenesis in the development of endometriosis DESIGN: Prospective study. Paper-13759070. In this case, most of the NPY-LI was eluted in a higher molecular weight region than synthetic human NPY in Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and in a more hydrophobic position in HPLC. Paper-6414068. 6. Pretreatment with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin (0.1 mg kg-1, i.v.) significantly reduced the effect of noradrenaline, but not NPY, on both LDF and mucosal damage. Paper-7117257. The potential of NPY to influence ACTH secretion directly from the pituitary gland was investigated using primary cultures of fetal (day 130 gestation) and adult pituitary cells. Paper-8021683. These findings confirm the role of NPY as a co-transmitter at ocular sympathetic neuroeffector junctions, either mimicking or augmenting the actions of endogenously released norepinephrine. Paper-13843. NPY, PTEN and AR exhibited a striking difference in their expression patterns between aggressive and non-aggressive PCas (P=0.0203, 0.0284, and 0.0378, respectively, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Paper-13451191. The present study suggests that the expression of NPY and noradrenaline in chief cells and in the nerve fibers of the rat carotid body may be regulated during postnatal development. Paper-9653594. NPY did not activate phospholipase D, determined as a phosphatidylethanol formation, or protein kinase C (PKC) determined enzymatically as a translocation to the plasma membrane. Paper-8345448. For all deaths, the independent variables were plasma NPY (pmol/L) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.035, p = 0.004), heart volume (ml/m2) (HR = 1.009, p = 0.001), and S-albumin (g/L) (HR = 0.750, p = 0.034). Paper-9733193. Glucocorticoids increase neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide gene expression via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling in the arcuate nucleus of rats. Paper-12917201. Acarbose neither decreases food intake nor reverts obesity, but decreases leptin levels and the expression of the orexigenic NPY in the hypothalamus. Paper-14513578. Recurring IIH enhanced ARH NPY gene expression relative to baseline, irrespective of the estradiol manipulation, but net tissue levels were greater in the absence of estrogen. Paper-12613594. Administration of NPY (6.5 micrograms) as a bolus injection into the third cerebral ventricle of adult ewes elicited a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in plasma concentrations of ACTH. Paper-8021683. Sympathetic reflexes regulate human vascular resistance, where NPY plays a modulator role of paramount importance following increased sympathetic discharges, such as stress and vascular disease. Paper-10832157. The most important finding was the positive correlation between AgRP and visceral fat in all patients and the negative correlation between NPY/AgRP and adiponectinemia only in NAFLD obese adolescents. Paper-14589464. RESULTS: Plasma NPY concentrations were inversely correlated with the serum urea nitrogen levels ( r = -0.32) as well as protein catabolic rate ( PCR) ( r = -0.28). Paper-9320052. Decreased SOM and NPY concentrations have been found in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and are probably the result of neuronal dysfunction, which could potentially be restored by shunting. Paper-8705434. Environmental light conditions alter gene expression of rat catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and Neuropeptide Y: differential effect in superior cervical ganglia and adrenal gland. Paper-10359523. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were detected in close contact with hepatic arteries and portal veins in the portal area and along the sinusoid in the parenchyma. Paper-6134906. In the descending colon substance P and NPY immunoreactivity were also increased in the myenteric plexus while the density of VIP nerve fibres was reduced in the mucosa/submucosa. Paper-1219148. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs16147) located in the promoter region alters NPY expression in vitro and seems to account for more than half of the variation in expression in vivo. Paper-14310261. Studies with the converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat and the bradykinin receptor antagonist icatibant indicate that bradykinin mediates, at least partly, diuretic NPY effects. Paper-1353691. Competitive binding studies by NPY-family peptides and analogs showed that Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptors had similar pharmacological profiles between the respective rabbit and human receptor subtypes. Paper-13786390. Central glucoprivation evoked by administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose induces expression of the c-fos gene in a subpopulation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the rat hypothalamus. Paper-653711. Moreover, changes in NPY levels have been observed in different pathological conditions such as brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington's, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases). Paper-10804675. DESIGN: In a prospective study cohort, 1032 hypertensive patients (174 myocardial infarction and 170 stroke patients and 688 matched controls) were analysed for the T1128C polymorphism in the NPY gene. Paper-10467071. At least four receptor subtypes, denoted as Y(1), Y(2), Y(4) an Y(5), each with specific affinities to NPY ligands, serve as regulators of mucosal function, gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Paper-12592192. The most effective stimulator of smooth muscle contractility was arginine vasopressin followed in order by oxytocin, noradrenaline together with NPY, noradrenaline alone and dopamine. Paper-6964312. Neuropeptide Y seems to induce a biphasic change in amine utilization in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (DA) neurons and in the noradrenergic (NA) utilization in various hypothalamic areas. Paper-5615243. In rats fed ad libitum, i.c.v. NPY induced significant increases in food intake (75%), body weight (9%), plasma insulin (150%) and plasma leptin levels (300%) as compared to the i.c.v. CSF group. Paper-1683795. It is concluded that NPY attenuates agonist-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in Ewing's sarcoma WE-68 cells, and may do so via the inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase. Paper-6477145. A recent study indicated that the NPY gene variant producing a leucine-to-proline substitution ( T to C at position 1128) was associated with 34% higher average alcohol consumption. Paper-8898525. The expressions of a panel of genes, including NPY, PTEN, AR, AMACR, DD3, and GSTP1, were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan), and correlation was analyzed with clinicopathological features. Paper-13451191. In insulin-treated animals, CCK-8 reversed, but NPY potentiated the hypothermic phase of temperature response observed after saline administration, whereas naloxone failed to alter rectal temperature. Paper-5516738. In normal Langerhans islet, NPY and CPON immunoreactivities were colocalized in glucagon-producing cells (alpha-cells) and in a few insulin-secreting cell (beta-cells).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Paper-404351. In a one-year randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, the weight loss was modest; the results support the emerging concept that NPY acts via overlapping and redundant energy homeostasis pathways. Paper-12247835. NA, clonidine, NPY and APP produced concentration-dependent contractions of cerebral artery segments, whereas SP and VIP induced relaxation of prostaglandin F2 alpha-contracted arteries. Paper-4709788. According to speculations, a presumed, overflow,-type release of NPY from the hypothalamic nuclei, as well as a suppression of the activity of catabolic peptides, could possibly cause hypothermia. Paper-11421160. NPY gene expression was increased in the compact subregion of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in response to chronic food restriction, but not in response to acute food deprivation. Paper-10127153. The Y2 type of binding site, characterized on porcine hippocampal membranes and on another human neuroblastoma cell line, SMS-MSN, is of higher affinity and binds both NPY and NPY13-36. Paper-6246918. Plasma levels of NPY are increased in patients with end-stage renal disease ( ESRD) and are independently related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and incident cardiovascular events in these patients. Paper-15285555. In vitro transcription and translation studies indicated the unlikelihood that this signal peptide variation affects the site of cleavage and targeting or uptake of NPY into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Paper-11220197. Tagged NPY SNPs demonstrated linkage to CAD of a 6-SNP block (LOD = 1.58-2.72), family-based association of this block with CAD (p = 0.02), and stronger linkage to CAD in the earliest age-of-onset families. Paper-13562179. In protocol 2, yohimbine plus propranolol (Yoh + Pro), Yoh + Pro in combination with BIBP-3226, and Ringer solution were delivered to antagonize locally the vasomotor effects of NPY and norepinephrine. Paper-10534165. NPY also inhibited transport-related oxygen consumption in separated rectal gland tubules and inhibited short-circuit current generated by confluent monolayers of primary cultures of rectal gland cells. Paper-7846610. Investigations to date have implicated NPY in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including feeding disorders, seizures, anxiety, diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure and intestinal disorders. Paper-9442586. NPY promoter activity was assayed by transfection of these hybrid constructions into CA-77 and PC12 cells followed by the determination of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in cellular extracts. Paper-5241645. The leucine 7 to proline 7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism in the signal peptide of prepro- NPY is associated with increased blood lipid levels, accelerated atherosclerosis, and diabetic retinopathy. Paper-9768102. A correlation between NPY and cortisol (p<0.05) was found in suicidal patients with depression NOS, whereas beta-endorphins correlated with cortisol (p<0.01) in suicidal patients with major depressive disorder. Paper-1870582. Administration of the relatively non-selective Y receptor antagonist PYX-2 or the selective Y(1) receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 into the PHN prior to NPY completely blocked the cardiovascular responses. Paper-10264999. We have shown previously that NPY inhibits glutamate release evoked from hippocampal nerve terminals and has a neuroprotective effect in rat organotypic hippocampal cultures exposed to an excitotoxic insult. Paper-10804675. Regardless of the dose, NPY enhanced sleep period time and stage 2 sleep ( F = 12.8 and 5.4, each p<0.05), and also reduced sleep latency and time awake ( F = 4.9 and 4.4, each p<0.05) and modulated REM sleep. Paper-8463979. Inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin secretion by neuropeptide Y is mediated via the Y1 receptor and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in RIN 5AH rat insulinoma cells. Paper-1731724. NPY is involved in the regulation of several physiological functions such as food intake, hormonal release, circadian rhythms, cardiovascular disease, thermoregulation, stress response, anxiety and sleep. Paper-15247104. The pro-erectile effect of EP 80661 was prevented by EP 91073 (10 microg), but not by (DTyr(2), DThr(32)) NPY (10 microg) or by the GH-RH receptor antagonist MZ 4-71 (10 microg), given into the lateral ventricles. Paper-9535414. It is concluded that NPY-like immunoreactivity is present in nerve fibers in the rabbit maxillary sinus and in neurons in the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia that supply the nose and paranasal sinuses. Paper-7208576. Y1 and Y2 receptors were expressed in HUVEC as assessed by RT-PCR, and they were functional since NPY induced a 42 nM intracellular calcium increase within 100 s, representing 22% of the histamine-induced response. Paper-10759478. Central NPY and its receptors have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes such as epilepsy, sleep, obesity, learning and memory, gastrointestinal regulation, alcoholism, depression and anxiety. Paper-10658159. In this study we evaluated NPY plasma levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients with (n=34) and without (n=34) diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP) and compared these with age and gender matched healthy controls (n=34). Paper-15512375. Plasma NPY-like immunoreactivity levels in patients with either sepsis or septic shock was significantly increased, and plasma SP-like immunoreactivity levels significantly reduced compared to those in controls. Paper-152446. Neuropeptide tyrosine ( NPY) is the predominant peptide in the innervation of many human tissues and is considered to play a role in the regulation of blood flow, gastrointestinal secretion and motility, and renal function. Paper-7566869. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The results show that a large amount of nerves are present around the blood vessels in the endometriosis samples, and a large number of these nerves are neuropeptide-Y sympathetic nerves. Paper-13759070. Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene and changes in serum lipids during a family-based counselling intervention among school-aged children with a family history of CVD. Paper-12764203. In primary culture, cells from this tumour displayed calcium influx in response to GHRH or GH releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), while there were not such responses by cells from another carcinoid not producing GHRH, ACTH or NPY. Paper-1416743. Pharmacological experiments on isolated temporal artery segments revealed that NPY potentiated the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, but had no vasoconstrictor ability or only a small vasoconstrictor ability per se. Paper-5302828. However, there was a remarkable increase in the density and staining intensity of VIP and NPY immunoreactive fibers in the exocrine parenchyma and fibrous septa of the body and tail, where chronic pancreatitis developed. Paper-106781. The contractions induced by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha and the dilator responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide were not modified by NPY in rat cerebral arteries. Paper-5547286. Topiramate normalizes hippocampal NPY-LI in flinders sensitive line 'depressed' rats and upregulates NPY, galanin, and CRH-LI in the hypothalamus: implications for mood-stabilizing and weight loss-inducing effects. Paper-9798215. The receptor system of the NPY family as well as gene expression within the main hypophysiotropic and feeding behavior areas suggest an involvement of both peptides in the control of food intake and pituitary secretion. Paper-8605796. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated transgene-derived NPY expression in neurons (e.g., in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus) in the transgenic mice. Paper-1511394. The NPY IVS1-100 T/G polymorphism influenced CSF levels of cholesterol, whereas CSF and plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and plasma cholesterol were not altered by genotype. Paper-11393007. CONCLUSIONS: The C allele of -399 T/C polymorphism in the promoter regions of NPY is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, suggesting that NYP system may involve in the mechanisms of stroke pathology. Paper-14659541. For NPY, the number of cells counted in the arcuate nucleus/ median eminence region and the number of silver grains per cell was significantly lower in animals killed during August than in animals killed in February or December. Paper-8509861. The inhibitory action of NPY was not prevented by procaine, nifedipine, or diltiazem, suggesting that it was not secondary to the release of somatostatin or other unknown neurotransmitters from rectal gland nerves. Paper-7846610. 4. Pancreatic polypeptide ( PP, 4-46 pmol), [Leu31,Pro34]r/ hNPY (47 and 117 pmol) and the Y2 selective agonists, hPYY3-36, pNPY5-36 and PNPY13-36 (25-168 pmol) microinjected into the DVC failed to influence basal gastric acid secretion. Paper-1465347. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that ghrelin reverses the C75-induced inactivation (assessed by c-Fos expression) of neurons in the arcuate nucleus that express NPY (assessed by immunohistochemical costaining). Paper-11062131. Despite the profound reductions of renal blood flow, systemic NPY infusion can cause diuresis and natriuresis; this is largely independent of pressure natriuresis mechanisms and is possibly mediated by an extrarenal Y5 receptor. Paper-1353691. We have therefore examined in detail the temporal profile of NPY gene expression, using in situ hybridisation histochemistry in the rat dentate gyrus and piriform cortex - two brain areas centrally involved in seizure regulation. Paper-11371305. Pro7 substitution has been associated with the following: plasma NPY concentration, the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, birth weight of children, serum triglyceride concentration, and the function of vascular endothelium. Paper-12305110. Investigations to date, however, have implicated the NPY peptides as mediators in the pathogenesis of numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including malabsorption, short gut, inflammatory bowel diseases, and forms of pancreatitis. Paper-12592192. Coexistence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity within axon terminals in the canine and human lower esophageal sphincter: electron microscopy by a double immunogold labeling procedure. Paper-8136385. This study provides important evidence suggesting that the Pro7 substitution in the prepro- NPY is an important risk factor for accelerated atherosclerotic progression, increased blood pressure and increased serum cholesterol in humans. Paper-8894474. A rather common leucine7-to-proline7 (Leu7Pro) polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y (prepro- NPY) gene signal peptide may be important in blood pressure regulation, cholesterol metabolism and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in humans. Paper-8894474. The complexity pathogenesis in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves an interplay between adipokines and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, including the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) system. Paper-14589464. Antisera to somatostatin, neurotensin and NPY demonstrated endocrine cells in the ileal- and caecal parts of the ileocaecal junction, while immunoreactivity for glucagon was demonstrated in endocrine cells of the ileal part only. Paper-6670482. Subjects with the Leu7Pro polymorphism had significantly lower plasma NPY and norepinephrine concentrations, lower insulin concentrations, higher glucose concentrations, and lower insulin-glucose ratio in plasma than the controls. Paper-9768102. The Y1 type of binding site, characterized on a human neuroblastoma cell line, MC-IXC, and a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12, binds NPY with a dissociation constant (Kd) of a few nanomolar but does not bind NPY13-36. Paper-6246918. One-way ANOVA tests with appropriate post hoc corrections showed elevated levels of NPY in DM2 patients with and without PNP when compared with those of healthy controls (122.32±40.86 and 117.33±29.92 vs. 84.65±52.17 pmol/L; p<0.001, p<0.005, respectively). Paper-15512375. These results suggest the possible existence of at least one additional subtype of NPY receptor sites in the rat brain, with enrichment seen in midbrain and brainstem areas involved in the regulation of food intake and cardiorespiratory parameters. Paper-10971753. Several lines of evidence suggest a possible involvement of the NPY system in the physiological effects of several classes of abused substances including alcohol, phencyclidine, cocaine, and marijuana and in endogenous psychosis. Paper-13866868. Putative sympathetic nerve fibres, displaying tyrosine hydroxylase and NPY immunoreactivity, were demonstrated before the adrenergic innervation has previously been shown to be present by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence staining of catecholamines. Paper-7626885. RESULT(S): Both immunohistochemical and Western-blot analysis showed that after menopause, the reduction in E2 and ER alpha in the uterine artery wall is associated with a decrease in vasodilator neuropeptides and an increase in vasoconstrictor NPY. Paper-13327809. Since no impact of preproNPY genotype on mean NPY or hormone levels were detected in subjects with type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms for the increased risk for diabetic complications in the subjects with the Leu7Pro polymorphism need to be further explored. Paper-13250107. OBJECTIVE: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the NPY gene at position -399 C > T was recently reported to be associated with schizophrenia in a Japanese population and with treatment refractory unipolar depression in a Swedish population. Paper-11366938. Rather, the very high expression levels of Y(1) found in testicular vessels supports the concept that NPY may alter gonadal activity, at least in part, through local vascular impairment of gonadotropin delivery to, and/or blunted T secretion from, Leydig cells. Paper-15611555. As expected, in fusion of NPY alone (18 microg/day) augmented food intake (191.6% over the initial control, P < 0.05) and produced a 25.1% weight gain in conjunction with a 10-fold increase in serum leptin concentrations at the end of the 7-day period. Paper-8438646. Plasma concentrations of NPY, glucose, insulin, cortisol, prolactin and leptin were measured by taking blood samples at 20 time points (from 8 a.m. to 8 a.m.). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at the same time points. Paper-13250107. To assess a causal role of NPY in atherosclerosis, we applied the NPY1-receptor-antagonist BIBP-3226 adventitially to endothelium-denuded carotid arteries of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice; treatment reduced atherosclerotic neointimal area by 50% (p = 0.03). Paper-13562179. We therefore microinjected NPY into the area of the PVN of both conscious, freely moving and anaesthetized rats and noted a powerful stimulatory effect on adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH) and corticosterone release as measured by radioimmunoassay. Paper-5537228. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: We studied the relationship between levels of NPY and biomarkers of osteoblast activity in 161 nondiabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (131 patients, hemodialysis; 30 patients, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis). Paper-12547429. Furthermore, NPY via Y1 receptor mechanisms seems to be of major importance for the long-lasting component of the reserpine resistant sympathetic vasoconstriction in many vascular beds, and for the maximal vasoconstrictor response in the kidney. Paper-589826. The deduced amino acid sequence of the precursor suggested that there were at least two sites of proteolytic processing, which would generate three peptides having 28 (signal peptide), 36 (human neuropeptide Y), and 30 ( COOH-terminal peptide) amino acid residues. Paper-4713987. NPY-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and CRF-LI were determined in the amygdala (AMYG), frontal cortex (FCTX), hippocampus (HPC) and parietal cortex (PCTX) of adult Wistar rats after chronic ethanol exposure, and 24-h and 2-weeks following withdrawal (WD). Paper-15932878. Increased contents of immunoreactive (IR) NPY were found in the striatum and amygdala of 8-week NERs with partial seizure, while these changes extended to the limbic region including hippocampus in 16-week NERs with fully developed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Paper-1935218. Our data show that in OVX plus estradiol benzoate and OVX plus oil groups, a single injection of insulin did not modify gene expression profiles, with the exception of acute hypoglycemic reduction of ARH NPY transcripts in the presence of estrogen. Paper-12613594. It is concluded that (1) NPY-IR may react more sensitively on capsaicin than CCK-IR, (2) no rapid increase of body weight in capsaicin treated rats may result from the diminished food intake through the low expression of NPY in hypothalamus in HF-CAP group. Paper-10220741. DC-potentials were recorded over frontal (Fz, F3, F4), central (Cz, C3, C4) and parietal (Pz, P3, P4) electrode positions in 14 subjects who had abstained from eating for 15 h and who were intranasally administered 50 nmol of NPY and placebo 20 min prior to recordings. Paper-9733632. RESULTS: NPY correlated significantly and positively with psychasthenia, irritability, and stability and significantly and negatively with validity in patients, but significantly and negatively with muscular tension, psychasthenia, verbal aggression and irritability in controls. Paper-1487289. While initial findings identified NPY is an important contributor to the regulation of feeding, body weight and blood pressure, more recent work as revealed more subtle functions of this peptide and its potential role in affective disorders, bone formation and cravings. Paper-10946444. The Leu7Pro polymorphism of the NPY gene was not associated with the rates of whole body glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity index, insulin secretion during the IVGTT, or insulin AUC during the oral glucose tolerance test. Paper-9711161. We addressed these questions: 1) Do soluble products of rat or human astrocytes (conditioned medium; rCM and hCM, respectively) enhance the functional expression of cultured NPY neurons and if so, do they enhance the expression of somatostatin ( SRIF) neurons as well? Paper-1282700. An up-regulation of NPY-immunoreactivity has previously been reported in animal teeth following nerve injury and a similar mechanism may have stimulated increased NPY expression in HSAN teeth, but the functional significance of its presence within dentinal nerves is not known. Paper-1583516. METHODS: In the present study, we analyzed the whole coding region and 5'-untranslating region of the NPY gene for 163 Japanese male alcoholics with different withdrawal symptoms (93 with delirium tremens, 71 with seizures, 49 with hallucinations) and 98 Japanese male controls. Paper-8993783. When NPY (30 nM) or SRIF (100 nM) was applied together with a maximally effective concentration of the delta-opioid receptor agonist DPDPE ([ D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin) (1 microM), the resulting elevations of [Ca2+]i were not greater than those caused by application of DPDPE alone. Paper-1013711. Some neuropeptides ( SP, NPY) are endogenous in the immune system and produced in certain conditions, e.g. inflammation and chronic autoimmune disorders such as SS, so they might participate in the neuroimmunomodulation and contribute to the atrophy, apoptosis and necrosis. Paper-10440509. Forty-five variants were discovered in the NPY gene by full sequencing, and 5 polymorphisms were selected based on their allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium estimates to conduct a thorough examination of their associations with ischemic stroke and its subtypes classified by TOAST. Paper-12485635. CONCLUSION: The reduction in NPY in the anterior and posterior vaginal wall epithelium might be related to nerve damage or degeneration, resulting in a change in blood flow, atrophy, and pelvic floor laxity in patients with POP and SUI, especially post menopause and with advancing age. Paper-12838670. Here we report on a direct comparison of the pharmacological properties of these three receptors in vitro using porcine NPY with alanine substitutions in positions 33-36 as ligands and three analogues with internal deletions: [Ahx(8-20)]NPY, [Ahx(8-20), Pro(34)]NPY, and [Ahx(5-24)]NPY. Paper-8581248. Since both NPY and POMC neurons, which we also studied, are similarly directly excited by bombesin-like peptides, the peptides may function to initiate broad activation, rather than the cell-type selective activation or inhibition reported for many other compounds that modulate energy homeostasis. Paper-13710920. Nasal biopsies and evaluation of local concentrations of E2, ERalpha NPY were performed in groups A and B before and after 6 months of HT and in group C. RESULTS: Both intranasal and transdermal HT improve nasal symptomatology and nasal mucosa appearance and reduce mean mucociliary transport time. Paper-10525195. The characterization of the tertiary and quaternary structure of the NPY dimer in solution at millimolar concentrations has been performed by NMR and extended to physiologically relevant concentrations by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments performed with fluorescence-labeled analogues. Paper-10715853. CMS dramatically produced a decrease in NPY expression in several diencephalic regions including the parvocellular subregion of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PE), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV) and the arcuate nucleus (ACN). Paper-9935489. On the other hand, during the same period of the year, the number of sympathetic TH-immunoreactive sympathetic nerve fibre profiles did not exhibit seasonal variation, nor did substitution of testosterone, during the sexually inactive period, affect the density of NPY-containing nerve fibres in the gland. Paper-1371655. Lesions of the stria terminalis or medial nucleus have no observable effect on the density or distribution of NPY immunoreactive terminal fields in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, suggesting that immunoreactive neurons in the amygdaloid complex do not contribute significantly to this innervation. Paper-5413479. We examined whether rs16147, a functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of NPY, moderated the relationship between hurricane exposure and risk for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in an epidemiologic sample of adults living in areas affected by the 2004 Florida hurricanes. Paper-14655061. The calcium channel inhibitors omega-conotoxin GVIA ( N-type), omega-agatoxin TK ( P/Q-type), and omega-conotoxin MVIIC (Q-type) all significantly inhibited potassium-stimulated NPY release, without any effect on basal release, whereas nifedipine had no effect on either basal or stimulated release. Paper-1935635. Impairment of the serotonergic transmission by blockade of 5-HT synthesis using p-chlorophenylalanine, as well as attenuation of the noradrenergic transmission by NA depletion from terminals by DSP4, did not significantly change NPY mRNA expression or the mean number of NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the amygdala. Paper-8842269. These results suggest that NPY immunoreactivity is extensively co-contained within adrenergic neurons of the C1, C2, and C3 groups that project to the PVH, while the correspondence in noradrenergic cell groups is less complete, and generally limited to a subset of neurons in the A1 cell group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Paper-5029580. Weight, body fat, insulin sensitivity and RER in all mice, and hypothalamic Npy in βArnt mice were significantly correlated with AUC of maternal late pregnancy glucose tolerance tests (p < 0.01), but not with litter size, maternal weight, triacylglycerol or pre-pregnancy glycaemia. Paper-15731337. METHODS: We compared allele frequencies of 5 NPY polymorphisms (-883-ins/del, -602, -399, -84, and +1128) in a Nordic population of alcohol-dependent individuals (n = 428 males; n = 149 females) and ethnically matched controls (n = 84 males; n = 93 females) for whom alcohol dependence or any diagnosis of substance disorder was excluded. Paper-11083961. We found a substantial amount of remaining NPY-ir fibers, likely emanating from the brainstem, and a significant up-regulation of Y1 receptors in Arc NPY projections areas ( hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and perifornical area) after Arc denervation and their activation may have accounted for the exaggerated increases. Paper-15170045. Using a developmental strategy to test this hypothesis, we showed previously that significantly more arcuate NPY was expressed in fa/fa pups than in lean littermates on postnatal day (P) 2 and throughout the preweaning period [Physiol. Behav. 67 (1999) 521], and that hyperphagia first appeared on P12 [Am. J. Physiol. 275 (1998) R1106]. Paper-9897626. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that sequence variations in NPY receptor genes are associated with alcohol dependence, particularly a severe subtype of alcohol dependence characterized by withdrawal symptoms, comorbid alcohol and cocaine dependence, and cocaine dependence. Paper-13547501. A new family of branched NPY analogues corresponding to the partial deletion of the polyproline helix with conservation of the N-terminus was also examined: des-AA7-23[(Ac-NPY14-22)-epsilon-D-Lys6]NPY (> 1000, 2.1), des-AA7-23[(Ac-NPY7-22)-epsilon-D-Lys6]NPY (> 1000, 5.1), des-AA7-23-[(Ac-LEALEG-NPY14-22)-epsilon-D-Lys6]NPY (> 1000, 4.8). Paper-7361081. One of these, a cytosine to thymine (C-->T) substitution in the untranslated region between the genes for NPY Y1 and Y5 ( allele frequency 0.11), was significantly associated with both lower fasting triglyceride level (152 vs 125 mg/dl), and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (49 vs 45 mg/dl) (p < 0.01) in 306 obese subjects. Paper-9303906. In the study reported here, we tested the hypothesis that long-term food restriction suppresses tonic release of LH as a result of 1) an increase in biosynthetic activity of NPY neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, 2) an increase in activity of neurons that secrete beta-endorphin, and 3) a decrease in biosynthesis of LHRH. Paper-7611321. By means of a double peroxidase-anti-peroxidase technique, using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride as chromogens in animals with no colchicine pretreatment, GAD immunoreactivity was found to be present in terminals only whereas NPY immunoreactivity was detected in neurons displaying the features of aspiny type cells and processes. Paper-14873014. These synonyms are used for gene NPY (neuropeptide Y): PYY4, Neuropeptide Y. These accession numbers are used for gene NPY: M15789 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), AI198311 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), A4D158 (UNIPROT__AC). NPY is a homologue of NPY (neuropeptide Y) from Pan troglodytes. NPY is a homologue of NPY (neuropeptide Y) from Canis lupus familiaris. NPY is a homologue of NPY (neuropeptide Y) from Bos taurus. NPY is a homologue of NPY (neuropeptide Y) from Gallus gallus. NPY is a homologue of Npy (neuropeptide Y) from Mus musculus. NPY is a homologue of Npy (neuropeptide Y) from Rattus norvegicus. NPY is a homologue of npy (neuropeptide Y) from Danio rerio. Important links ! iHOP - Information Hyperlinked over Proteins . Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.