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Dkk-3 is elevated in CSF and plasma of Alzheimer's disease patients. Paper-13878232.
The human DKK2 gene was characterized as Notch signaling target in intestinal stem cells. Paper-12371447.
DKK1 ( Dickkopf), a WNT signaling inhibitor, increased in the endometrium from d 16-20. Paper-13292923.
In Wnt-activated Ishikawa cells, progesterone inhibits Wnt signaling by induction of DKK1 and FOXO1. Paper-13992962.
Using NMR spectroscopy, we determined the solution structure of the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of mouse Dkk2 (Dkk2C). Paper-12911018.
Here, we report that a related family member, Dkk2, activates rather than inhibits the Wnt/ beta-catenin signalling pathway in Xenopus embryos. Paper-8737479.
Consistently Dkk-3 expression was demonstrated in neurons of the cortex and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, the major source of CSF. Paper-13878232.
CONCLUSION: Progesterone induction of DKK1 and FOXO1 results in inhibition of Wnt signaling in the human endometrium. Paper-13992962.
Dickkopf ( Dkk) proteins are antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and are crucial for embryonic cell fate and bone formation. Paper-12911018.
In the present study, we examined the expression and methylation of DICKKOPF ( DKK) family genes in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. Paper-12633579.
Furthermore, using siRNA-mediated knockdown of both DKK1 and FOXO1, progesterone inhibition of Wnt signaling was partly circumvented. Paper-13992962.
RESULTS: In vivo, targets and components of the Wnt signaling pathway (among them DKK1 and FOXO1) are regulated by E(2) and progesterone. Paper-13992962.
Further analysis demonstrated that Axl regulates endothelial cell functions by modulation of signaling through angiopoietin/Tie2 and Dickkopf ( DKK3) pathways. Paper-14025629.
Wnt antagonism of Dkk requires the binding of the C-terminal cysteine-rich domain of Dkk to the Wnt coreceptor, LRP5/6. Paper-12911018.
The G171V mutation prevents Dkk from binding to LRP5, thereby increasing LRP5 function; the result is high bone mass due to uncoupling of bone formation and resorption. Paper-10779497.
Furthermore, the expression of several CUTL1 target genes involved in proliferation and migration, such as DNA polymerase A and DKK2, was modulated by PKA-induced phosphorylation. Paper-12020575.
We showed that EFT-specific EWS/ETS fusion proteins enhance the DKK2 promoter activity, but not DKK1 promoter activity, via ets binding sites (EBSs) in the 5' upstream region. Paper-13635671.
In addition, we found that these effects were, at least partly, associated with TWIST-induced expression of dickkopf homolog 1 ( DKK-1), a factor that promotes osteolytic metastasis. Paper-12908923.
Ishikawa cells were transfected with progesterone receptors and Wnt inhibitors dickkopf homologue 1 ( DKK1) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), measuring Wnt activation. Paper-13992962.
Because DKK2 is a key player in the stem cell signaling network, the DKK2 gene at human chromosome 4q25 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene inactivated due to epigenetic silencing and/or deletion. Paper-12371447.
The present study investigated whether the glycoprotein and putative tumor suppressor Dickkopf homolog 3 ( Dkk-3) is secreted into CSF and evaluated its applicability as a diagnostic marker for AD. Paper-13878232.
Dkk3 is the only Dkk family member abundantly expressed in normal lung, but silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a large fraction of lung cancer cell lines and lung tumors. Paper-12715044.
Bortezomib inhibited Dkk1 expression in calvariae and bone marrow-derived stromal cells, suggesting a novel mechanism by which bortezomib exerts its effects in bone. Paper-12566174.
WNT antagonist, DKK2, is a Notch signaling target in intestinal stem cells: augmentation of a negative regulation system for canonical WNT signaling pathway by the Notch- DKK2 signaling loop in primates. Paper-12371447.
We found that all known DKK genes were frequently silenced in colorectal cancer ( CRC) cells ( DKK1, 3/9, 33%; DKK2, 8/9, 89%; DKK3, 5/9, 56% and DKK4, 5/9, 56%), but not in normal colon mucosa. Paper-12633579.
When the dickkopf protein ( Dkk) binds to Kremen and LRP5, this last undergoes internalization and therefore becomes unable to bind Wnt; this leads to degradation of beta-catenin and to inhibition of bone formation. Paper-10779497.
Interestingly, the inducible expression of EWS/ETS resulted in the strong induction of DKK2 expression and inhibition of DKK1 expression in human primary mesenchymal progenitor cells that are thought to be a candidate of cell origin of EFT. Paper-13635671.
Although the biological properties of Dickkopf 1 ( Dkk1) and Dickkopf 2 ( Dkk2) are well characterized, little is known about the function of the related Dickkopf 3 ( Dkk3) protein in vivo or in cell lines. Paper-13451245.
In addition, using an EFT cell line SK-ES1 cells, we also demonstrated that the expression of DKK1 and DKK2 is mutually exclusive, and the ectopic expression of DKK1, but not DKK2, resulted in the suppression of tumor growth in immuno-deficient mice. Paper-13635671.
In addition, DKK3 rs1472189 cytosine/ thymine (C/T) was associated with distant metastasis, and, DKK2 rs17037102 G-homozygous patients had a decreased risk for death in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Paper-14006442.
Given the mutually exclusive expression of DKK1 and DKK2, EWS/ETS regulates the transcription of the DKK family, and the EWS/ETS- mediated DKK2 up-regulation could affect the tumorigenicity of EFT in an indirect manner. Paper-13635671.
We found that Dickkopf (Dkk)-3, a member of Dkk family of Wnt antagonists, is frequently inactivated in lung cancer and plays a role in suppressing lung cancer cell growth through inhibition of beta-catenin/ T-cell factor (TCF)-4 signaling. Paper-12715044.
DKK methylation also was frequently observed in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines ( DKK1, 6/16, 38%; DKK2, 15/16, 94% and DKK3, 10/16, 63%), but was seen less frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Paper-12633579.
In summary, our results suggest that, in addition to EMT, TWIST may also promote prostate cancer to bone metastasis by modulating prostate cancer cell-mediated bone remodeling via regulating the expression of a secretory factor, DKK-1, and enhancing osteomimicry of prostate cancer cells, probably, via RUNX2. Paper-12908923.
Here, we characterize a family of human Dkk-related genes composed of Dkk-1, Dkk-2, Dkk-3, and Dkk-4, together with a unique Dkk-3 related protein termed Soggy (Sgy). hDkks 1-4 contain two distinct cysteine-rich domains in which the positions of 10 cysteine residues are highly conserved between family members. Paper-2029787.
In vitro studies indicate that osteoblasts produce a variety of Wnts, the LRP5 co-receptor frizzled (Fzd), as well as LRP5 and Wnt inhibitors, i.e. dickkopf ( Dkk1) and frizzled-related proteins (Sfrps), respectively, and delineate the role of these molecules in regulating the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells along the osteoblastic lineage. Paper-10788430.
These synonyms are used for gene DKK2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)): UNQ682/PRO1316, hDkk-2, Dkk-2, Dickkopf-related protein 2, Dickkopf-2.
These accession numbers are used for gene DKK2: Q9H3R7 (UNIPROT__AC), BAA85465 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC), B2R6S7 (UNIPROT__AC), AAH75077 (NCBI_GENBANK__AC).
DKK2 is a homologue of zgc:171574 (zgc:171574) from Danio rerio.
DKK2 is a homologue of DKK2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Bos taurus.
DKK2 is a homologue of DKK2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Pan troglodytes.
DKK2 is a homologue of DKK2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Gallus gallus.
DKK2 is a homologue of DKK2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Canis lupus familiaris.
DKK2 is a homologue of Dkk2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Mus musculus.
DKK2 is a homologue of Dkk2 (dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)) from Rattus norvegicus.
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Concept & Implementation by Robert Hoffmann.